Part 4

The type is notably marked with black pigment; the collar membrane crossed with a close series of longitudinal dark stripes, one in line with each radiole and narrowing caudad; the branchiæ crossed transversely with dark bands. Thoracic somites, more notably the anterior ones, with a dusky to black band in front of each uncinigerous torus and a dark spot on the dorsum mesad of the setigerous papilla. The collar with a dark area ventrad and also dorsad of the fascicle. Ground color greyish of light brown cast, lacking the yellow dominating in omissa. Sixteen (or seventeen) pairs of radioles in the branchiæ. Ventral lobes of collar pointed, widely overlapping in the median line, dorsal ends free, projecting toward each other in dorsal groove. Setigerous thoracic somites eight in number. Inferior setæ numerous, spatulate, usually in two series. Total number of segments present about fifty-one, a few of the most caudal being lost.

Length, 25 mm.; with branchiæ, 30 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 173.

_Pseudopotamilla paurops_ sp. nov.

A rather slender species with branchiæ of moderate length. Excepting the eyes with no pigmented markings. Radioles fifteen pairs. Eyes few, not present on all radioles; where present usually but a single one on each radiole, in one case two; the eyes deep purple, variable in side from moderate to small; situated at varying distance between base and middle of length of radioles. Free dorsal edge of branchial membrane with two short obtuse lobes overlapping in the middle line. The dorsal notch in the collar lobe on each side is mesad of the line of setigerous tubercles, wide open, rectangular or slightly obtuse; lobe mesad of notch small, anteriorly rounded, the mesal edge extending into the dorsal furrow; median ventral lobes separated by a narrow incision, short, the ectal edge passing out in an even concave curve to the anterior lateral margin. A characteristic feature of the species is the presence of ten setigerous thoracic somites. Dorsal setæ of the usual two types of which the upper are much fewer spatulate setæ in two series with distal expansion broad and wings asymmetrical, tip short. Total number of segments, seventy-eight.

Length without branchiæ, 31 mm.; with branchiæ, 36 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 174.

Tube tough, corneus.

_Pseudopotamilla parva_ sp. nov.

The type of this species is a small individual which, as preserved, appears of a uniform dusky color throughout. Branchial radioles fourteen or fifteen pairs; in a single series, the membrane not being coiled. No eye spots. Collar with ventral lobes proportionately long and acute, the dorsal lobes small and approximate. Notopodial setæ of usual two types; few. Uncini with beak divergent, nearly horizontal, the "neck" short and the edge of body below bulging much as in _Paralaonome japonica_. Body furrowed along each side just above notopodia excepting anteriorly. Ventral plates sharply limited, elevated; all of abdominal plates bisected by the median longitudinal sulcus excepting the first one, which is entire. Total number of somites, fifty-six, of which eight are thoracic.

Length without branchiæ, 12 mm.; with branchiæ, near 15 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 175.

Taken among tufted algæ, June 25, 1911 (C. F. Baker).

_Pseudopotamilla lampra_ sp. nov.

In this form the collar membrane is crossed by a series of longitudinal dark stripes, one in line with each radiole, as in _Potamilla colorata_, these narrowing caudad. Branchiæ sometimes mostly dark with light transverse bands. Anterior thoracic segments darkly pigmented both above and below, and also along both sides of tori, and most setigerous papillæ and tori of succeeding regions of body also surrounded in some degree with a pigmented area. Branchial membrane with free dorsal edges produced into two lobes on each side, the two of each pair overlapping, the posterior lobe rounded, the anterior angular with its caudal margin transverse and the other long and oblique. Radioles nineteen pairs, several of these at dorsomesal end of series much reduced. Eyes conspicuous but few, only one, or occasionally two, on a radiole and some radioles wholly lacking them. This species has only seven setigerous thoracic somites. Total number of segments, near ninety-four.

Length, about 28 mm.; with branchiæ, 33 mm.

A note states that this form is pinkish in life. A paratype was taken "in a large white sponge."

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 176.

_Pseudopotamilla macrops_ sp. nov.

While the type of this species includes only the anterior end of the body, its characters seem sufficiently marked for subsequent identification. As in _lampra_, the anterior segments are darkened with purplish brown pigment, especially adjacent to the setigerous papillæ and about the tori, the ventral plates, however, remaining pale. Branchial membrane also pigmented caudally, and the branchiæ transversely banded. Only two eyes on each side are present in the type, a single one each on the second and third radiole from the dorsal end of the series. These eyes are exceptionally large and prominent, much larger than in any of the other species here recorded, embracing practically the entire width of the stalk. The free dorsal edges of the branchial membrane nearly straight, each with only a very slight angulation near its anterior end, not being truly lobate. Nine pairs of radioles. Minor dorsal lobes of collar prominent, produced well forward, curving a little mesad distally, the mesal edge reflected down the dorsal groove as usual.

Width, .75 mm. Length of branchiæ, 2.5 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 177.

_Pseudopotamilla scotia_ sp. nov.

Differing from the other species here described in having nine setigerous thoracic somites. Anterior somites of thorax darkened above, down the sides on both sides of the tori and also more or less ventrally with purplish brown pigment. Processes or lobes on free edge of branchial membrane above almost of same form as in _P. lampra_ and similarly overlapping. Nineteen pairs of branchial radioles. No eyes. Ventral lobes of collar prolonged, subacute, not overlapping. In the dorsal fasciæ of the ordinary thoracic somites the dorsal setæ are arranged mostly in more or less single, curved, longitudinal series, the clavate ventrals being arranged in two vertical series at right angles to the line of the dorsals. Pennoned setæ of the uncinigerous tori very prominent. Only a few of the most anterior abdominal segments present in type.

Greatest width, 2 mm. Length of branchiæ, 4 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 178.

Taken in a large white sponge.

SERPULIDÆ

_Eupomatus intereans_ sp. nov.

This species is separated from _E. uncinatus_ (Philippi) with some hesitation since specimens of the latter are not at hand for direct comparison. It would seem, however, to be clearly different, to judge from Ehler's figure, in the form of the uncini. These are much broader (i.e., at right angles to the dental line), the base projecting conspicuously but not forming an angulate shoulder as in _E. gracilis_, being nearly evenly and rather broadly rounded. The teeth are mostly seven in number, the end below the last of these set off as usual, rounded. The upper collar setæ coarse, with two teeth or spurs at base of the slender tip, these commonly more or less unequal in size. Branchiæ thirteen pairs. Operculum in general as in _uncinatus_; width of principal expansion 1.25 mm.; the latter even, by narrowing into the stalk, the rim with thirty-eight projecting acute teeth or serrations which are straight or very nearly so, not at all uncate as in uncinatus in which they are also fewer (thirty). Inner crown of eleven spines each tapered evenly to an acute tip and bent in abruptly toward the center above, the proximal portion being erect and ordinarily parallel with the others. No process or series of processes detected within this crown, the base from which these arise being evenly concave on its distal surface and convex on the proximal. Spines of the inner crown dark brown proximally as is the entire basal plate from which they arise, the remaining part of spines light brown. Operculum proper nearly black below teeth on proximal surface of the expansion and on adjacent part of stalk the remaining part of which is white; distal surface of funnel pale. Branchiæ and body in general pale, unmarked or some of the branchiæ with a blackish mark on stalk toward distal end. Thoracic setigerous somites seven. Abdominal segments, ninety.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 178.

Length exclusive of branchiæ, 20 mm.; to end of operculum, about 24 mm. Width, 1.5 mm.

The Nervous System of Cæcum Californicum

WILLIAM A. HILTON

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_)

Specimens of this little gastropod mollusc from 2 to 3 mm. in length were the material for the study. Specimens were fixed and sectioned whole and a few good series were obtained.

It seems rather remarkable that so small a species should have such a high organization of the nervous system. The ganglia are large in proportion to the size of the animal and well developed. In all cases the exact limits of the nerves and connectives were not determined, but the chief ganglia were easily found.

Quite well towards the head end a pair of buccal ganglia were found, these were small, widely separated and possessed only a few nerve cells. At about this level in cross sections the eyes make their appearance, one on each side. They are simple, quite large and well provided with pigment. Below the level of the eyes and the buccal ganglia, on the dorsal side of the esophagus, the much larger cerebral ganglia make their appearance. These probably are connected with the eyes but the connections were not clearly seen in the sections. The cerebral ganglia are closely united along the middle line. They occupy more than one half the diameter of the entire animal. The more caudal ends of these ganglia separate and run down, a little lateral to the esophagus.

Below the esophagus and a little below the chief level of the cerebral ganglia, a region of more ventral masses of nerve tissue is reached. There are two ganglia on each side, a lateral pair somewhat smaller than the more ventral. The lateral are the pleural and the ventral are the pedal ganglia. The pedal ganglia are closely pressed against each other in the middle line, but not fused, they are much larger than any of the other ganglionic pairs and of a more complicated cell and fibrous structure.

Beyond the region of large ganglia and slightly farther towards the other end of the animal, on the right side, a small visceral ganglion makes its appearance. Farther down on the left side a much smaller group of cells seems to indicate another ganglion of the viscera.

Fig. 1 Camera lucida sketch of cerebral ganglia of Cæcum. The dorsal side is up. ×300

Fig. 2. Left pleural ganglion of Cæcum. ×300.

Fig. 3. Left pedal ganglion of Cæcum. ×300.

Fig. 4. Reconstruction from Cæcum, showing position of eyes and ganglia viewed from the ventral side. ×70.

Amphipods from Laguna Beach

The following list is from the collections of 1917, or that part of it sent to the U. S. Nat. museum for determination.

_Aruga oculata_ Holmes. L. 6 mm., white with red on the head. From algæ. Another white specimen of 8 mm. Dredged at 10 f.

_Paraphoxus_ sp. L. 9 mm. Light colored.

_Ipiplateia_ sp. Red. L. 10 mm.

_Lilljeborgia brevicornis_ Bruz. One specimen dredged Aug. 28. Head white upper half, lower half pink. Lower part of body pink, upper white. L. 6 mm. Another head end of body red, caudal end white. L. 4 mm. Dredged Aug. 11 and Sept. 17th.

_Tiron_ sp. Light colored. L. 9 mm.

_Elasmopus brasiliensis_ Dana? L. 6 mm., yellow, brown eyes. Line on back.

_Melita quinquedentata_ Shoem. L. 6.5 mm. Tide pools Aug. 29.

_Allorchestes_ sp. immature. One lot pale green, red antennæ, L. 3.5 mm. One red L. 10 mm. One from holdfasts brown and red. L. 6 mm.

_Hyalella azteca_ Sauss. Brown green, 3.5 to 4 mm.

_Hyale_ sp. One red, L. 4 mm. One dark L. 6.5 mm. One pink-brown from sulphur sponge. L. 7 mm. One rose on back, ringed with white. One yellow green back, L. 5.5 mm. One yellow, pink antennæ, holdfast L. 11 mm. One brown from algæ L. 5 mm. One rose brown. L. 6 mm.

_Orchestoidea corniculata_ Stout. Green grey, bluish antennæ L. 14 mm.

_Lembos_ sp. bands on body. L. 6 mm. From holdfasts.

_Microprotopus_ sp. Bands on body. L. 6 mm.

_Photis californica_ Stout. Bands on body. Holdfasts.

_Neophotis inequalis_ Stout. Brown and red. L. 6 mm. Holdfast.

_Amphithoe corallina_ Stout. Yellow, green antennæ. L. 8 mm. Another mottled white and black L. 10 mm. Another brown white legs two white spots on the sides. One with green eggs L. 9 mm.

_A. vaillantii_ H. Lucas. Bright Red, L. 13 mm. Dredged 10 f. Aug. 17.

_A. rubricata_ Montagu (?) Brownish green, yellow spots on sides. Aug. 12, 1915.

_Amphithoe_ sp. Pink, red antennæ, L. 11 mm.

_Amphithoe_ Yellow, pink antennæ. Holdfast.

W. A. H.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_)

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Transcriber's Note

All obvious typographical errors were corrected. For the words where the "æ" ligature is present in greater quantity than those with just "ae", the "ae" was converted to the ligature. The other cases were left as in the original printed version. Below is a list of changes made in the text.

Page Change ==== ====================== 13 _Biborin ecbola_ sp. nov. => repeated copy deleted. 13 The two [achaebous] => achaetous 18 Second somite [achaetons] => achaetous

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