Part 1

Transcriber Note

Text emphasis is as follows: _Italic_. Whole and fractional parts of numbers: 1-2/3

VOLUME ELEVEN NUMBER ONE ===============================================================

JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY

MARCH, 1919

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT _of_ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A.

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CONTENTS

Page

New Polychaetous Annelids from Laguna Beach, Cal.--_Ralph V. Chamberlin_ 1

The Nervous System of Cæcum Californicum--_W. A. Hilton_ 24

Amphipods from Laguna Beach 26

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Entered Claremont, Cal., Post-Office Oct. 1, 1910, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879

Journal of Entomology and Zoology

EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

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The Journal of Entomology and Zoology

William A. Hilton, Editor

Claremont, California, U.S.A.

New Polychaetous Annelids From Laguna Beach, California

RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

In a very interesting collection of annelids from Laguna Beach transmitted to me for study by Prof. Hilton, the apparently previously undescribed forms listed below are represented. As a comprehensive report on the annelids of the region to follow further explorations and collecting is in contemplation, I am giving here only such preliminary accounts of the new forms as are thought sufficient for their identification in the local fauna. The types of all these species are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge.

POLYNOIDAE

_Halosydna latior_ sp. nov.

A species proportionately broader over all than the usual forms of the common _H. insignis_, _californica_, and _pulchra_. It is characterized by elytra not only closely imbricated along each side but also broadly overlapping in the middle line throughout the length. The elytra in general are unusually elongate in an oblique direction, the long axis running from the outer end cephalomesad; the outline subelliptic, the caudomesal edge broadly convex, the opposite one a little incurved at middle. The entire surface of elytra subdensely covered with very small rounded brown nodules or tubercles; within the middle region, just behind the edge of the preceding overlapping elytron, a number of much larger paler tubercles which in the type are present on all excepting the last pair. Elytra extending to outer ends of parapodia. Eighteen pairs of elytra present. Prostomium subangularly bulging on each side, the anterior eye at the angle, the posterior eye removed far caudad, by about half the greatest width of the prostomium. Paired anterior prolongations of the prostomium very long, as long as the median length of the prostomium back to level of posterior eyes, distally clavate. Median ceratophore much stouter than the lateral prolongations and exceeding them by more than a third in length. Median tentacle long, nearly attaining end of palpi; slender, narrowing distad, only slightly thickened subapically, with the usual slender tip which is of moderate length. Lateral tentacles much shorter, their tips reaching only to near middle of light region between proximal black region and subapical black ring of median tentacle. Tentacular cirri resembling median tentacle in form, being narrowed distad with subapical enlargement slight; one or two fine setae emerging from a small nodule at distal end of parapodium proximad of tentacular cirrus. The notocirri in general have the same characteristic form as the tentacular cirri, narrowing continuously distad with the subapical enlargement slight. First neurocirrus very elongate, surpassing the parapodium. The other neurocirri slenderly cylindroconical, narrowed into a slender tip and a little narrowed proximally; attached well toward base of parapodium the end of which they fail much of attaining. A characteristic feature is the elongate form of the nephridial papillæ, these in the type as preserved being mostly near three times as long as thick at the middle. Neuropodial setae dark amber colored, numerous, arranged in two continuous regions, a narrow dorsal one and a much broader ventral one in the latter of which the setae form four distinct longitudinal series with five or six setae in each series. Notopodials moderate in number, the dorsal ones short, the most ventral long, attaining the end of the neuropodium. The elytra are greyish with dusky or brownish mottlings. Notocirri with dark annulations as usual.

Length, 42 mm.; width to end of setae, 14 mm.; to end of parapodia, 10.8 mm.; exclusive of parapodia, 7 mm.

Taken on Laguna Beach at Mussel Point (Hamilton coll.).

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 138.

_Halosydna tuberculifer_ sp. nov.

Among other forms known from the California coast characterized especially by the strong tuberculation of all the elytra. The tubercles are mostly large and conical though some are rounded and are confined chiefly to the mesocaudal half and median region of each elytron, a series of large ones ordinarily present along the caudal and caudomesal margin; in the first two or three pairs of elytra the tubercles of the median region especially large, the tubercles on the first pair occurring on the anterior part as well; ectal margin of elytra strongly fringed or ciliate. Elytra in general subcircular but with margin of ectocephalic side flattened or in part a little incurved. Elytra in contact or nearly so at median line but not there at all overlapping. Pairs of elytra eighteen, these being present on somites II, IV, V, VII, IX and so on alternate ones to XXV and then on XXVI, XXVIII, XXX, XXXI, and XXXIII. The last three setigerous somites bear notocirri. Anterior pair of eyes near middle of length of prostomium proper, larger than posterior pair which are a little closer together and are well removed from the others. Lateral prolongations of the prostomium in front which bear the lateral tentacles only a little shorter than the median ceratophore though much more slender. Median tentacle shorter than the palpi, moderately enlarged and strongly rounded subapically and with the usual slender tip or filament which is comparatively short. The lateral tentacles of similar form but much shorter and more slender. Neurocirri of first normal segment large, resembling a notocirrus. The other neurocirri much shorter, subconical, constricted at base and prolonged into a slender but short tip; attached near base of neuropodium in each case. Anal cirri similar to notocirri but much longer and stouter. Neuropodial setae of usual general form, amber colored with dark tip, arranged mostly in two or three, usually uneven, subvertical series. The notopodial setae fine, numerous, the longer ones not falling much short of or reaching the ends of the neuropodials. The nephridial papillæ occupy the ordinary position; they are small and unusually short. The color of the elytra uniform greyish brown. Antennæ, tentacular cirri and notocirri banded at base and distally with black.

Length, 23 mm.; width exclusive of parapodia, 3 mm. A little narrowed cephalad, somewhat more so caudal.

Taken at Laguna Beach under stones. (1917)

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 139.

_Halosydna leioseta_ sp. nov.

Body strongly and continuously narrowed caudad. Prostomium wider than long, deeply bilobed, the median tentacle inserted deeply in the intervening incision. Lobes extended forward into peaks which, however, are constricted at base so as to give appearance of more or less distinct ceratophores, these short. Anterior eye free on each side, the caudal one much farther mesad and overlapped by the peristomium. Tentacles short, the median line a little longest and about equalling the palpi; in each a slender tip above the moderate subdistal swelling about equal in length to the remaining part of the style. Tentacular cirri similarly formed, as is also the first neurocirrus, the latter less clavate below the slender tip. Other neurocirri much shorter, shortly subfusiform with filiform tip short; characteristically inserted almost precisely at middle of length of the neuropodium. Notopodia reduced to small lobes at base of neuropodia above, these lobes smooth, bearing no emergent setae in the type. In the average neuropodium the setae are mostly six in number; these are coarse, with subhastate heads the tips of which are curved, entire, and acute; the surface appears smooth, the seriate spinules being exceedingly minute and easily overlooked; pale straw colored. The notocirri have the usual enlarged distal end baring a slender tip and a little exceed the neuropodial setae. The elytra have an arrangement in general similar to that normal in Halosydna so far as that usually goes, but twenty-four pairs are present, these occurring on somites, II, IV, V, VII, IX, XI, XIII, XV, XVII, XIX, XXI, XXIII, and XXVI, XXVIII, XXIX, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXV, XXXVII, XXXIX, XLI, XLIII, XLV, and XLVII. The elytra are characteristically widely imbricated so as completely to cover the dorsum and prostomium. They extend out far laterally so as wholly to overlap the parapodia proper though the ends of the setae and notocirri extend beyond the edges. The elytra have the surface wholly smooth and the edges are also not fringed. As preserved, the type has no definite color markings; color greyish, the elytra of weak fulvous cast.

Length near 22 mm.; greatest width exclusive of parapodia, 2.8 mm.; to ends of parapodia, 5 mm.; to ends of setae, 6.8 mm.

Taken as a commensal on a sea-urchin (Metz, July 20, 1911).

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 140.

_Lepidonotus setosior_ sp. nov.

Readily distinguished from _L. squamatus_, _coeloris_ and other species recorded from the Pacific coasts of North and South America by the greater length and coarseness of the notopodial setae, these being stout pointed spines often nearly attaining the ends of the neuropodials and thus exceeding the latter in actual length. The notopodials, however, are obviously more slender than the neuropodials; they are much more numerous than the neuropodials and form a dense, subcylindrical, spreading group. The elytra are characterized by bearing over their free portions numerous high and stout, conical, hard or chitinous tubercles which are, however, much less dense than the very different rounded eminences of _squamatus_, these cones often roughened; between these high cones, and over the covered part of the elytra as well, numerous small rounded tubercles or nodules; much more slender and shorter, erect, conical papillæ present on the outer border of at least some of the elytra but no truly ciliate fringe could be detected in the types. The elytra are long, subelliptic in outline, and are arranged either with axis nearly longitudinal or very oblique, the most anterior elytra, however, subcircular. Eyes on each side unusually widely separated, the anterior one low on side, a little ectocaudad of base of anterior process. Anterior processes of prostomium about four-fifths as long as the median ceratophore and much more slender. Lateral tentacles much more slender than the median, and, exclusive of the filamentous tip, falling short of attaining the middle of the style of the latter exclusive of its tip; styles biannulate with black as frequent, the basal process also black. Median tentacle surpassing palpi in length; subapical swelling pronounced, much more so than that of the laterals. Tentacular cirri and notocirri similar in form to the median tentacle. Anal cirri proportionately somewhat shorter than in _squamatus_. Color of venter and parapodia grey; elytra at present grey over a fulvous ground. Setae dark amber to nearly ferruginous, darker than usual in _squamatus_. A paratype has elytra fulvous of dilute ferruginous cast with black mottlings.

Length, 18 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 141.

_Lepidonotus leius_ sp. nov.

A species characterized by its rather thin, easily detached elytra which have their surface wholly smooth or, at most, showing a few scattered minute points; closely fringed along the outer margin, about the cephaloectal region, and for a short distance along the anterior edge. Elytrophore attached cephaloectad of middle. Anterior and ectal margins of a typical elytron only weakly convex, the cephaloectal corner subrectangular though rounded; caudal margin strongly convex, the inner end of elytron like the end of an ellipse but with lower margin the more oblique. Elytra transverse or but little oblique, strongly overlapping in the middorsal line. Prostomium of usual general form. Eyes large and black, the anterior ones near middle of main region of prostomium, the posterior ones closer together and at caudal end. Only one tentacle, a lateral, retained in type. This characterized by a short cylindrical style which to the base of the distal swelling is scarcely longer than the basal process, and especially by an unusually long slender tip which is as long as the rest of the style. The parapodium of the first segment bears two prominent setae in the usual position; tentacular cirri of usual form, the filiform tips long, when bent back reaching proximad of middle of style. Notocirri also characterized by their long terminal filaments. Neuropodial setae light amber-colored; arranged in the usual vertically elongate patch, presenting a narrow dorsal half and a broader ventral one. In the ventral part of the patch normally four longitudinal rows of three setae each, while the narrower upper region shows also about four rows but with only two or one in each. The setae have the usual general structure. Notopodials numerous, reaching beyond distal end of neuropodia and sometimes nearly to middle of the neuropodial setae. In the type the elytra are light brown. The tentacles and notocirri ringed with black as common.

Length, 13 mm.; width exclusive of parapodia, 3 mm.; width to tips of setae, 6 mm.

Dredged.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 142.

PHYLLODOCIDAE

_Hesperophyllum_ gen. nov.

Similar in general to _Notophyllum_ and _Austrophyllum_ but differing especially in having the ventral cirrus of the second segment flattened and foliaceous and strongly asymmetrical. It is like _Notophyllum_ and unlike _Austrophyllum_ in having the first segment dorsally reduced.

_Genotype._--_H. tectum_ sp. nov.

_Hesperophyllum tectum_ sp. nov.

The first segment dorsally reduced. Ventral tentacular cirrus of second somite of a thin or foliaceous and asymmetrical form. Other tentacular cirri subcylindric, reduced distally to a pointed tip, that of I about half as long as the dorsals of II and III. Paired tentacles short, proximally thick and convexly bulging, abruptly narrowed to an acute tip with incurving sides. Unpaired tentacle situated between eyes in line connecting their centers, nearly of same length and size as the first tentacular cirri and about as long also as prostomium; annulate. Prostomium shortly subcordate, well rounded in front, incurved caudally. With very large cirri of which the dorsals widely overlap in the middle and thus completely cover the dorsum, the prostomium normally also being wholly concealed from above. The neurocirrus of a typical parapodium is attached by a broad base extending from a pronounced ventral swelling or flange (neurocirrophore) across the caudal side of the parapodium to its dorsal edge and projects farther dorsad of the parapodium than ventrad, the dorsomesal end widely rounded; much broader dorsoventrally than long, with the free edge evenly rounded. The notocirrophore in a thick rounded body arising from the base of the parapodium proper and showing the notopodium as a proportionately much smaller lobe on its ectal side; the style is attached about its caudal half-circumference and is broadly subreniform with the free margin coarsely crenulate or wavy, its mesal limb widely overlapping that of the opposite notocirrus and its ectal one overlapping the neurocirrus. Surface of cirri and of somites, especially ventrally, densely covered with very fine brown dots or points. Number of segments in type, near seventy-three. Body narrowing caudad, becoming narrow and pointed at posterior end. Proboscis unknown.

Length, 19 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 143.

Dredged. Brown in life, this color being also retained in the preserved type specimen. A paratype has a greenish cast. This species suggests _Notophyllum imbricatum_ Moore in the large imbricated notocirri covering the dorsum but in the latter all the tentacular cirri are of the elongate, symmetrical, evenly tapering form characteristic of its genus. _Imbricatum_ similarly presents nuchal appendages, but these are three in number on each side and slender, instead of two broad, subelliptic lobes. The neuropodium is distally narrowed instead of broad, the head is differently formed, and various other differences are present throughout.

_Steggoa gracilior_ sp. nov.

This is a small and slender form noted as green in life and also retaining this color after preservation in alcohol. It agrees in general with _Steggoa_, the first segment being normally developed above and distinct from the prostomium though not so clearly separated as usual, suggesting a tendency toward the _Hypoeulalia_ condition. Prostomium a little longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly, sides convex; a short lobe, rounded in front and bearing the four tentacles, is set off by a weak constriction from the basal part. Unpaired tentacle situated well caudad, more slender than the paired ones but nearly as long. Eyes not detected. Ventral tentacular cirrus of II of a thick, leaf-shaped form, sublanceolate in outline and much like the notocirri. The other tentacular cirri longer and filiform. Notocirri in outline lanceolate, characteristically exceptionally thick in proportion to width so as at times to appear nearly subconical. Neurocirri much smaller; similarly proportionately thick and at times subconical. Body slender, strongly narrowed from the middle toward both ends. The proboscis densely and uniformly papillose throughout. Number of segments near one hundred and twenty-three.

Length, about 26 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 144.

_Sige californiensis_ sp. nov.

Corresponding closely in general characters with _S. macroceros_ (Grube), the genotype. Green in color instead of straw-yellow to brown. Tentacles long and slender as in _macroceros_, with the median equalling the others in length and inserted close to the base of the latter; tips of tentacles slenderly attenuated. The eyes seem to be proportionately larger than in _macroceros_. The first segment is reduced above at the sides where the prostomium bulges back on each side; but the middle region is well developed, extending forward on the base of the head as a rounded lobe or flap. Very easily distinguished from _macroceros_ and other known species by the form of the ventral tentacular cirrus of the second segment which, in place of the ordinarily lanceolate foliaceous form, is very strongly expanded above the base, presenting a large rounded lobe in front and an abruptly much more slender tip, with the blade as a whole irregularly twisted. The parapodia very similar to those of the genotype; but the setigerous lobe less acutely and less deeply notched and rather broader across the end along the setigerous line. The notocirri rather more slender and narrowed more evenly distally, not incurved on each side distally so as to leave an elongate tip set off from the rest. The neurocirri similar but more asymmetrical, the upper margin straight or concave, the lower convex. Anal cirri missing. Proboscis not protruded. Total number of segments in the type, which is complete, sixty-eight.

Length, 10 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 145.

Taken under stones.

Moore has described _Eulalia (Sige) bifoliata_ from Monterey Bay; but as the ventral tentacular cirrus of II is described and figured as cylindroconical, that species cannot be properly referred to _Sige_ as now restricted.

_Anaitides heterocirrus_ sp. nov.

Close to _A. mucosa_ (Oersted) in the characters of the proboscis, having similarly six rows of papillæ proximally on each side with the number in each series normally nine or ten, but distinct in the form of the cirri. The three first pairs of normal foliaceous notocirri much smaller than the succeeding ones and different in shape, being very broadly and evenly elliptic, the distal end of the third, e. g., broadly rounded, not conspicuously narrowed as in _mucosa_. In the average parapodia of the middle region of the body the neurocirri are obviously broader with the tip stouter and less acute; and the notocirri, while in general somewhat similar in form, are more elongate with a more pronounced ventral lobe, the distoectal angle more acute and more produced, while the distomesal corner is more rounded, and the proportionate width across the distal end appears less. The prostomium very broadly cordate, notched or constricted at the sides near the anterior third which is distally broadly rounded; tentacles inserted on each side at or just distad of the constriction, conical and of moderate length; caudal margin conspicuously angularly incised at middle and there embracing a conspicuous nuchal papilla. Eyes about twice their diameter apart. The type is incomplete caudally, at present consisting of ninety-five somites and having a length of 35 mm. with a maximum width, exclusive of parapodia, of 2 mm. The body at present has a purplish tinge.

Dredged at 10 fathoms on Aug. 27, 1917.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 146.

SYLLIDAE

_Typosyllis bella_ sp. nov.