Part 2

_Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus._ (Mearns.) California Gray Fox. Signs of foxes in the canyons and along mountain trails are always quite common. Foeces containing seeds of manzanita berries are familiar occurrences. They are fond of fruit and are readily trapped with such bait. In March 1916 three were caught one night at the same place in Live Oak canyon.

_Procyon psora psora._ (Gray.) California Coon. Coons are fairly common in the larger canyons where there is an abundance of water. I have seen their tracks in Palmers, Cucamonga and San Antonio canyons. Three were trapped this winter (1916) just above Camp Baldy at an altitude of about 5400 feet.

_Mephitis occidentalis holzneri._ (Mearns.) Southern California Striped Skunk. Not very common in this region, found mostly in the Upper Sonoran zone in wooded districts.

_Spilogale phenax phenax._ (C. H. Merriam.) California Spotted Skunk. Very common in valley, foothills and up to 6,000 feet in the mountains. They are fearless little creatures and will readily enter cabins in the mountains and keep the occupant awake by rattling pots and pans while scrambling around in search of food, needless to say creating an awkward situation for the host. They have been known to take up their abode underneath houses in Claremont and take the liberty of scampering around the parlor floor without regard to the presence of human beings. This was a common occurrence in a certain family I have in mind and on such occasions the unwelcome guest was gently ushered to the door without hurting its feelings and peace of mind restored to the household. They are the easiest of all animals to trap and made considerable trouble and embarrassment for me by continually blundering into traps of mine set for other game. I have found these little creatures as high as 6,000 feet in the canyons.

_Mustela xanthogenys xanthogenys._ (Gray.) California Weasel. I had always been interested in weasels as to their occurrence and until this year had taken only one in town with a record of only two or three seen along the railroad track. Then in one week four weasels were given me and a record of seven others obtained, all these are from nearby orange groves and from below town along the railroad track where for a long time I have known they occurred.

_Scapanus latimanus occultus._ (Grinnell and Swartz.) Southern California Mole. Moles are occasionally caught in orchards and lawns and the characteristic workings are familiar sights in the mountains up to 8,000 feet. Our specimens were all from the valley.

_Antrozous pallidus pacificus._ (Merriam.) Pacific Pale Bat. I have taken several of these bats from behind pictures and in the attics of some of the college buildings. I do not know their relative abundance or distribution but they are certainly common on the campus in spring and summer.

_Myotis evotis._ (Allen.) Long-eared Bat. This form also occurs in the college buildings and I believe to a certain extent in the mountains.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_)

A Preliminary List of Shells from Laguna Beach and Nearby

For a number of years past students have collected shells from Laguna Beach, these and the Bradshaw collection form the basis for this list, which includes shells not farther than ten or twelve miles up and down the coast. The earlier collections were by Mabel Guernsey and P. R. Daggs. Practically all the shells drawn and photographed are from the Bradshaw collection because the shells were in better condition. Some of the earlier specimens were determined by the United States National Museum. Suggestions and corrections were kindly made by Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd. The photographs are by Robins and Cooper. Many of the drawings are by Miss Margaret Cate. Doubtful specimens are largely omitted in this list, but a few are included and marked by a question.

Plate I, reduced one-half; Plates II and III, natural size; Plate IV, ×10; Plate V, ×6.

BIVALVES

_Yoldia cooperi_ Sabb. Fig. 1.

_Mytilus californicus_ Conr. Fig. 2.

_M. stearnsii_ Pils and Raym. Fig. 3.

_Septifer bifurcatus_ Rve. Fig. 4.

_Modiolus modiolus_ Linn. Fig. 5.

_M. rectus_ Conr. Fig. 6.

_Lithophaga plumula_ Hanl. Rock borer. Fig. 7.

_Pectin (Chlamys) monotimeris_ Conr. Fig. 8.

_Pectin (Chlamys) æquisulcatus_ Cpr. Fig. 9.

_Pectin (Chlamys) pastatus_ Sby. Fig. 10.

_Pecten (Hinnites) giganteus_ Gray. Fig. 11.

_Lima dehiscens_ Conr. Fig. 12.

_Ostrea lurida_ Cpr. California oyster. Fig. 13.

_Chama Pellucida_ Sby. Fig. 14.

_Phacoides californicus_ Conr. Fig. 15.

_Phacoides (Lucina california) californicus_ Conr. Fig. 15.

_Phacoides nuttallii_ Conr. Fig. 16.

_Cardium quadrigenarium_ Conr. Fig. 17.

_Cardium (Livocardium) substriatum_ Conr. Fig. 18.

_Tivela (Pachydesma) crassatelloides_ Conrad. Fig. 19. small specimen.

_Chione fluctifrage_ Sby. Fig. 20.

_Chione succincta_ Val. Fig. 21.

_Chione undatella_ Sby. Fig. 22.

_Donax lævigata_ Desh. Fig. 23.

_Tagelus californicus_ Conr. Fig. 24.

_Macoma nasuata_ Conr. Bent-nosed Macoma. Fig. 25.

_Macoma indentata_ Cpr. Indented Macoma. Fig. 26.

_Macoma inflatula_ Dall. Inflated Macoma. Fig. 27.

_Samele rupium_ Sby. Semele-of-the-Rocks. Fig. 28.

_Cumingia californica_ Conr. California Cuming-shell. Fig. 29.

_Mya (Cryptomya) californica_ Conr. False Mya. Fig. 30.

_Spisula planulata_ Conr. Fig. 31.

_Spisula falcata_ Sld. (?). Falcate Mactra. Fig. 32.

_Paphia staminea_ Conrad. Ribbed Carpet-shell. Fig. 33.

_Paphia tenessima_ Cpr. Finest Carpet-shell. Fig. 34.

_Parapholas californica_ Conr. California Piddock. Fig. 35.

_Pholadidea penita_ Conr. Common Piddock. Fig. 36.

_Pholadidea subrostrata_ Sby. Little Borer. Fig. 37.

_Milneria minima_ Dall. Last Milner-shell. Fig. 38.

_Aula (Nucula) casternsis_ Hinds. Camp Nut-shell. Fig. 39.

FRESH-WATER AND LAND SHELLS UNIVALVES

_Physa heterostropha_ Say. Laguna stream. Fig. 40.

_Physa occidentalis_ Tryon. Aliso Lake. Fig. 41.

_Limnophysa palustris_ Mull. Fig. 42.

_Planorbis (Helisoma) trivolvis_ Say. Fig. 43.

_Helix aspera_ Mull. Fig. 44.

_Epiphragmophora_ Sp. Fig. 45.

MARINE UNIVALVES

_Acmaea persona_ Esch. Mask Limpet. Fig. 46.

_Acmaea spectrum_ Nutt. Ribbed Limpet. Fig. 47.

_Acmaea patina_ Esch. Pale Limpet. Fig. 48.

_Acmaea scabra_ Roe. Tile Limpet. Fig. 49.

_Acmaea incessa_ Hds. Seaweed Limpet. Fig. 50.

_Acmaea asmi_ Midd. Black Limpet. Fig. 51.

_Acmaea (Lottia) gigantea._ Owl Limpet. Fig. 52.

_Acmaea paleacea_ Gld. Chalf Limpet. Fig. 53.

_Tylodina fungina_ Gab. Fig. 54.

_Gadinia reticulata_ Sby. Netted Button-shell. Fig. 55.

_Crucibulum spinosum_ Sby. Cup and Saucer Limpet. Fig. 56.

_Crepidula dorsata_ Brod. Wrinkled Slipper-shell. Fig. 57.

_Crepidula aculeata_ Gmel. Prickly Slipper-shell. Fig. 58.

_Crepidula adunca_ Sby. Hooked Slipper-shell. Fig. 59.

_Crepidula nivea_ Gould. White Slipper-shell. Fig. 60.

_Crepidula onyx_ Sby. Onyx Slipper-shell. Pl. II. Fig. 19.

_Fissurella volcano_ Rve. Volcano Shell. Fig. 62.

_Fissuridea aspera_ Esch. Rough Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 63.

_Fissuridea murina_ Dall. White Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 64.

_Lucapina crenulata_ Sby. Great Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 65.

_Clypidella (Lucapinella) calliomarginata_ Cpr. Southern Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 66.

_Megatebennus bimaculatus_ Dall. Spotted Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 67.

_Turris (Bathytoma) carpenteriana_ Gab. Carpenter Turret Shell. Fig. 68. (Laguna Beach, Jahraus.)

_Trophon belcheri_ Hds. Belcher Trophon. Fig. 69. (Jahraus.)

_Trophon triangulatus_ Cpr. Three-cornered Trophon. Dredged off Laguna Beach. Bean. Fig. 70.

_Australium undosus_ Wood. Wavy Topshell. Fig. 71.

_Bullaria gouldiana_ Pisb. Gold's Bubble-shell. Many collected at Balboa much larger than the specimens shown. Fig. 72.

_Haminea vesicula_ Gld. White Bubble-shell. Fig. 73.

_Haminea virescens_ Sby. Green Bubble-shell. Fig. 74.

_Cypraea spadicea_ Gray. Nut-brown Cowry. Fig. 75.

_Trivia californica_ Gray. Little Coffee-bean. Fig. 76.

_Trivia solandri_ Gray. Solander Trivia. Fig. 77.

_Erato vitellina_ Hds. Veally Erato. Fig. 78. (Slightly enlarged.)

_Erato collumbella_ Mke. Dove Shell. Fig. 79.

_Marginella varia_ Sby. Colored Marginella. Fig. 80.

_Marginella jewetti._ California Rice shell. Much like the last but white.

_Olivella biplicata_ Sby. Purple Olive Shell. Fig. 81.

_Olivella pedroana_ Conr. Pedro Olive Shell. Fig. 82.

_Conus californicus_ Hds. California Cone. Fig. 83.

_Macron lividus_ A. Ad. Livid Macron. Fig. 84.

_Littorina scutulata_ Gld. Checkered Littorine. Fig. 85.

_Littorina planoxis_ Nutt. Gray Littorine. Fig. 86. Turned.

_Purpura (Cerostoma) nuttallii_ Conr. Nuttall's Hornmouth. Fig. 87.

_Tegula (Chlorostoma) gallina_ Fbs. Speckled Turban Shell. Fig. 88.

_Tegula (Chlorostoma) aureotincta_ Fbs. Gilded Turban Shell. Large umbilicus with yellow. Fig. 89.

_Omphalus fuscecens_ Phil. Banded Turban Shell. Fig. 90.

_Tegula veridula ligulata_ Wke. Fig. 91.

_Norrisia norrisii_ Sby. Smooth Turban Shell. Fig. 92.

_Thais emarginata_ Desh. Rock Purple. Fig. 93.

_Acanthia lapilloides_ Conr. Pebbly Unicorn. Fig. 94.

_Acanthia elongata_ Conr. Angled Unicorn. Fig. 95.

_Acanthia spirata_ Blain. Fig. 96.

_Murex gemma_ Sby. Fig. 97.

_Murex (Tritonalia) lurida_ Cpr. Lurid. Fig. 98.

_Murex (Tritonalia) gracillima_ R. E. C. S. Fig. 99.

_Murex (Tritonalia) circumtexta_ R. E. C. S. Fig. 100.

_Murex (Tritonalia) poulsoni_ Nutt. Fig. 101.

_Epitonium hindsii_ Cpr. White Wentletrap. Fig. 102.

_Epitonium crenatoides_ Cpr. Fig. 103.

_Actæon puncticælatus_ Cpr. Barrel Shell. Fig. 104.

_Mitra idæ_ Melv. Ida's Miter Shell. Fig. 105.

_Mitra lowei_ Dall (?). Fig. 106.

_Alectrion (Nassa) perpinguis_ Gld. Fig. 107.

_Arcularia (Nassa) tegula_ Reeve. Cover-lip. Fig. 108.

_Turris ophioderma_ Dall. Pencilled Drill Shell. Fig. 109.

_Potomides (Certhidæ) californica_ Hold. California Horn Shell. Fig. 110.

_Myurella simplex_ Cpr. Simple Auger Shell. Fig. 111.

_Amphissa versicolor_ Dall. Joseph Coat. Fig. 112. Slightly enlarged.

_Calliostoma canliculatum_ Mart. Channeled Top Shell. Fig. 113.

_Polynices recluziana_ Desh (?). Southern Moon Shell. Fig. 114. under side.

_Amalthea antiquata_ Linn. Ancient Hoof Shell. Fig. 115.

_Amalthea tumens_ Cpr. Sculptured Hoof Shell. Fig. 116.

_Fossarus fenestratus_ Cpr. Windowed Isapis. Fig. 117.

_Lacuna unifasciata_ Cpr. One-banded Chink Shell. Fig. 118.

_Melampus olivaceus_ Cpr. Olive Ear Shell. Fig. 119.

_Janthina trifida_ Nutt. Violet Snail. Shell violet. Jahraus collection. Fig. 120.

_Leptothyra carpenteri_ Pilsb. Red Turban Shell. Fig. 121.

_Leptothyra baccula_ Cpr. Berry Turban. Fig. 122.

_Calliostoma tricolor_ Gabb. Three-colored top shell. Fig. 123.

_Haliotis rufescens_ Swains. Red Abalone. Quite common near Laguna.

_Haliotis cracherodii_ Leach. Black Abalone. More common than the red.

TOOTH SHELLS

_Dentalium neohexagnum_ S. and P. Hexagonal Tusk Shell. Dredged off Laguna.

CHITONS

_Mophia hindsii_ Sby. Hind's Chiton. Fig. 124.

_Mophia mucosa_ Gld. Mossy Chiton. Fig. 125.

_Ischnochiton clathratus_ Rve. Fig. 126.

_Ischnochiton magdalensis_ Hinds. Gray Chiton. Fig. 127.

_Nuttallina scabra_ Rve. Scaly Chiton. Fig. 128.

_Nuttallina californica_ Nutt. California Chiton. Fig. 129.

_Trachydermon dentiens_ Gld. (Pseudodenturus). Fig. 130.

_Lepidopleurus rugatus_ Cpr. Fig. 131.

_Callistochiton crassicostatus_ Pilsb. Thick-ribbed Chiton. Fig. 132.

_Tonicella hartwegii_ Cpr. Hartweg's Chiton. Fig. 133.

SMALL SHELLS Wash Drawings by Miss M. Cate

_Caecum californicum_ Dall. Common at Laguna Beach. Pl. IV. Fig. 1 ×10.

_Vitrinella williamsoni_ Dall (?). Pl. IV. Fig. 2 ×10. (This specimen in the Bradshaw collection was so determined, probably at Washington.) Arch Beach, Cal., near Laguna.

_Columbella chrysalloidea_ Cpr. Shell white. Pl. IV. Fig. 3 ×10.

_Columbella pencillata_ Cpr. White shell, cross lines brown. Pl. V. Fig. 1 ×6.

_Columbella gausapata_ Gould. Common Dove-shell. Brown mottled. Pl. V. Fig. 2 ×6.

_Liotia acuticostata_ Cpr. Sharp-ribbed Liotia. Pure white. Pl. V. Fig. 3 ×6.

_Seila assimilata_ Cpr. Dark brown. Pl. V. Fig. 4 ×6.

_Turbonilla lammata_ Cpr. Pl. IV. Fig. 4 ×10. Light brown. (Dunkeria).

_Tinostoma supravalata_ Cpr. (?). Pl. V. Fig. 5 ×6. Clear white. (Ethalia).

_Callistoma tricolor_ Gabb. Pl. V. Fig. 5 ×10.

_Phasianella pulloides_ Gld. Pl. V. Fig. 6 ×6. Mottled red and white.

_Tritonalia barberensis_ Gabb. Pl. V. Fig. 7.

_Leptothyra baccula_ Cpr. Pink to gray. Pl. V. Fig. 8 ×6.

_Leptothyra carpenteriana_ Pilsb. Red Turban-shell. Pl. V. Fig. 9 ×6.

_Leptothyra paucicosta_ Dall. White. Pl. V. Fig. 10 ×6.

_Jeffreysia translucens_ Cpr. (?). Pl. V. Fig. 11 ×6.

_Pedipes unisulcata_ J. G. Cooper. Light brown. Pl. V. Fig. 12 ×6.

_Mitromorpha aspera_ Cpr. Brown. Pl. V. Fig. 13 ×6.

_Vermetus anellum_ Morch. White. Pl. IV. Fig. 6 ×10. This specimen is more coiled than some others.

_Cerithiopus convexa_ Cpr. Dark brown. Pl. V. Fig. 14.

_Cerithiopus columna_ Cpr. Light brown. Pl. V. Fig. 15.

_Turritella mesalia lacteola_ Cpr. Pure white. (No figure.)

_Bithium aspera_ Gabb. Brown. Pl. IV. Fig. 7 ×10.

_Turbonilla stylina_ Cpr. (?). Pl. IV. Fig. 8 ×10.

_Turbonilla costanea_ Cpr. (?). Pl. IV. Fig. 9 ×10.

_Anachis subturiata_ Cpr. (?). Pl. IV. Fig. 10 ×10.

_Amphissa versicolor_ Dall. Pink, white, brown. Pl. V. Fig. 16 ×6.

_Corbila luteola_ Cpr. Small bivalve.

_Philobrya setosa_ Cpr. Small bivalve. Pl. V. Fig. 17 ×6.

_Acila castrensis_ Hds. Brownish. Pl. V. Fig. 18 ×6.

_Carditanera minima_ Dall. Brownish-yellow. Pl. IV. Fig. 11 ×10.

_Crassatella marginata_ Cpr. Pl. IV. Fig. 12 ×10.

_Lasea rubra_ Mort. Tinged with red. Pl. V. Fig. 19 ×10.

_Arca solida_ Br. & Sby. (?). Pl. V. Fig. 20 ×10.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_)

A Reconstruction of the Nervous System of a Nemertian Worm

WILLIAM A. HILTON

Small specimens of _Carinella cingulata_ Cole were fixed in Mercuric chloride and cut in series. A general hematoxylin stain was very satisfactory for general anatomy. For a study of the finer structure other preparations will be necessary.

No attempt will be made to give a complete review of the literature relating to this group. Almost every systematic paper has something, because of the importance of the nervous system in classification and because in many cases the nervous system may be seen through the body-wall without dissection.

One of the first extensive accounts of these animals which also included quite a consideration of the nervous system was McIntosh in 1874. Several of the genus Nemestes were studied and the general form of the nervous system shown. Amphipheris is shown in a similar manner with a single lobe of the brain and with the two brain commissures. Tetrastemma is shown in a similar manner. Hubrecht in 1887 has an extensive paper in which the details of several nervous systems are shown as they show in reconstructions from sections. _Eupolia girardi_ is especially well shown with its small dorsal and large ventral commissure and with three brain lobes. It is in this paper that Hubrecht makes his interesting comparison between the nemertians and cordates. In his paper of 1880 he has shown the structure and position of different parts of the nervous system of nemertians, especially of Cerebratulus of which he gives a very good figure. In this he shows a reconstruction of the brain with its chief nerves, ventral and dorsal commissures, general position of the cells, the two lobes of the brain on each side and the chief nerves. He also treats of nemertian nervous systems of many other forms, but not in so much detail.

Burger in 1890, '91, has extensive papers on the nervous system of the group. He discusses not only the general form, but also the minute structure of the nervous system of a number of different types. In 1895 Burger has another important paper on this group of animals. In it he shows in some forms a marked dorsal ganglion and a ventral ganglion with the typical nerves. Burger showed that all ganglion cells are unipolar, without membranes. Montgomery, 1897, discusses the minute anatomy of the nerve cells. Coe, 1895 and 1910, considers the general anatomy of the nervous system, but nerve details are for the most part not shown.

In a young _Carinella cingulata_ Cole which I have studied by means of reconstructions, I find no unusual features. The nervous system is typical of the group. The brain, however, is not very clearly made up of two lobes on each side. This may be because the specimen used was a young one. This may also be the reason why the brain is not sharply marked off from the lateral nerve cords.

Figure 1 shows the brain and part of the lateral cords from the ventral side. From the two halves of the brain come the nerves to forward parts. The small dorsal commissure is shown with its usual median extension. From the larger ventral commissure come the two nerves to the proboscis, lateral to these are the nerves to the intestine, while from the ridge of the lateral cords the lateral nerves are shown.

Figure 2 in the larger drawing at the right shows the nervous system as viewed from the side with the dorsal side to the left. The central core of the ganglion and cord is to indicate the position of the fiber area. The small drawings at the left show various levels of the nervous system as seen in cross section. The ventral side is up. The drawing at the top is through the brain before the commissures are reached, the next lower is through the thickest part of the brain and the lower two drawings are through one of the lateral cords.

_Burger, O._ 1891 Beitrage zur kenntnis des Nervensystems der Wirbellosen. Neue Unter. über das Nervensystem der Nemertinen. Inst. a. d. Zool. Sta. Neah. 10.

_Burger, O._ 1890 Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Nervensystems der Nemertinen. Zeit. Wiss. Zool. Bd. L.

---- 1895 Die Nemertinen. Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes v. Neapel.

_Coe, W. R._ 1895 On the Anatomy of a Species of Nemertean (Cerebratulus). Trans. Conn. oc. ix.

_Coe, W. R._ 1910 Nemerteans. Haniman Alaska Series, vol. xi.

_Delage et Herouard_ 1897 Trait de zoologie concrete. Les vermidinens. Vol. v. Paris.

_Haller, B._ 1889 Beitrage zur kenntnis der textur des Central-nervensystems. Heherer Wurmer. Arb. des Zoolog. Inst. Wien. T. viii, Heft. 2.

_Hubrecht, A. A. W._ 1887 Relation of the Nemertea to the Vertebrata. Quart. jour. mic. Sc. XXVII.

_Hubrecht, A. A. W._ 1880 Zur Anatomy und Physiology des Nervensystems der Nemertinen Nat. Ver. der k. Akad. Decl. xx.

---- 1887 Report on the Nemertia collected by H. M. S. Challenger. Rep. Sc. results H. M. S. Challenger. Zool., vol. xix.

_Kemnel, J. V._ 1877 Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Nemertinen. Arb. a. d. Zool. Inst. Würzburg IV.

_McIntosh, W. C._ 1874 A monograph of British annelids. Part I, Nemertineans. Ray. soc.

_Montgomery, T. H., Jr._ 1897 Studies on the elements of the central nervous system of the Heteronemertini. Jour. morph., vol. xxx, No. 3.

_Mosley, H. N._ 1875 On Pelagonemertes rollestoni. Ann. mag. nat. hist., vol. xv.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Figure 1. Reconstruction of the nervous system of Carinella shown from the ventral side. Explanation in text. ×75.

Figure 2. Figure at the left side view of a reconstruction of the upper portion of the central nervous system of Carinella.

The figures at the right are from cross sections taken at various levels. The upper and the two lower figures are from one side only. Further explanations in the text. ×75.

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