Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881 to 1910 Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, Vol. LIX, No. 4, 1914

CHAPTER II

Chapter 3122 wordsPublic domain

EASTERN EUROPE: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS.

I. _Russia._ 1. Medieval past 27 2. Agricultural character 28 3. Emancipation of serfs 29 4. Reminiscences of serfdom 29 5. Changes since the emancipation 30 6. Epoch of transition 31 7. Social orders: classes, the church 31 8. Political order: autocracy, bureaucracy 32 9. Political struggle: Russian liberalism 32 10. Reaction since Alexander III 33

II. _Roumania._

1. Social-economic classes 34 2. Emancipation of the serfs: results 35 3. Development of industry and commerce 36 4. Growth of a middle class 36

III. _Austria-Hungary._

1. Reminiscences of medieval economy 37 2. Transitional nature of economic life 37 3. Organization of industry and commerce 37 4. Politico-economic struggles 38 5. Galicia: economic and social conditions 39

IV. _Summary._