xi. 43); and the same formula is used of the kings Rehoboam, Abijam,

Jehoshaphat, Ahaziah, Jehoiada, the priest (2 Chron. xxiv. 16), and the kings Amaziah, Jotham, Josiah; while in the case of the rest different expressions are used. Asa was buried "in his own sepulchres, which he had made for himself in the city of David" (2 Chron. xvi. 14); therefore he was not buried with his fathers. Jehoram was buried "in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings" (2 Chron. xxi. 20). The place of burial of the usurper Athaliah is not mentioned. Joash, in 2 Kings xii. 21, is buried "with his fathers in the city of David," while in 2 Chron. xxiv. 25, it is said that "they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings." Uzziah "they buried with his fathers in the field of the burial which belonged to the kings; for they said, He is a leper" (2 Chron. xxvi. 23). Ahaz they "buried in the city, _even_ at Jerusalem: but they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel" (2 Chron. xxviii. 27). Hezekiah was buried "in the highest of the sepulchres of the sons of David" (2 Chron. xxxii. 33). Manasseh "was buried in the garden of his own house, in the garden of Uzza;" as also was Amon, his successor (2 Kings xxi. 18, 26). Jehoahaz died in Egypt (2 Kings xxiii. 34). Eliakim, or Jehoiachim, according to Jeremiah (xxii. 19), is to be "buried with the burial of an ass, drawn and cast forth beyond the gates of Jerusalem;" and (xxxvi. 30), "his dead body shall be cast out in the day to the heat, and in the night to the frost;" from all which we may the more certainly conclude that the sepulchres of the other kings were within the gates of Jerusalem. Lastly, we have Jehoiachin and Zedekiah led captive to Babylon, where they died.

NOTE XVII. Bede, who wrote in the eighth century (on the authority of Arculf), calls the building of the Coenaculum a large church. In his time there was in the neighbourhood a convent of monks. He says: "On the upper part of Mount Sion there is a large church, surrounded by a great number of monks' cells. The church was founded, it is said, by the apostles, because it was there that they received the Holy Ghost, and that Mary died. They shew there to this day the memorable place which was the scene of our Lord's supper. In the middle of the church is a column of marble, to which Jesus was bound when He was scourged."

FOOTNOTES:

[900] Persons who have seen them have told me that they were of the veined red breccia of Palestine.

[901] These three inscriptions were traced in characters of the 12th century.

[902] Lib. VII. ad fin. p. 289, ed. Bonn.

[903] Mariano Morone da Maleo, Terra Santa nuovamente illustrata. Piacenza, 1669, 4to.

CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY

OF THE HISTORY AND EVENTS OF JERUSALEM.

B.C.

1913 Melchizedek, king of Salem, receives Abram at the Valley of Shaveh, which is the King's Dale Gen. xiv. 17, 18.

1872 Sacrifice of Isaac on Mount Moriah _Ib._ xxii. 2-14.

1451 Adonizedek king of Jerusalem Josh. x. 1.

1444 The descendants of Judah dwell among the Jebusites at Jerusalem _Ib._ xv. 63.

1425 The descendants of Benjamin dwell among the Jebusites at Jerusalem Judges i. 21.

-- Jebus, the city of the Jebusites, is Jerusalem _Ib._ xix. 10, 11.

1050 David reigns in Jerusalem over all Israel and Judah 2 Sam. v. 5.

1023 Death of Absalom, and his Pillar in the King's Dale _Ib._ xviii. 14, 18.

1017 The prophets, Nathan and Gad, at Jerusalem _Ib._ xxiv. 11; 1 Kings i. 11.

-- David buys the Threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite, and builds there an Altar to God 2 Sam. xxiv. 24, 25.

-- Solomon proclaimed king at Jerusalem 1 Kings i. 39.

1015 Death of David, after 40 years' reign _Ib._ ii. 10, 11.

1014 Solomon begins to build the Temple _Ib._ vi. 1.

1007 The Temple finished _Ib._ vi. 38.

1004 Dedication of Solomon's Temple _Ib._ viii. 63.

992 Solomon forsakes God, and builds a high place to Chemosh, &c. _Ib._ xi. 7.

977 Death of Solomon, after 40 years' reign _Ib._ xi. 42, 43.

-- Division of the Kingdom. Rehoboam, king of Judah, reigns 17 years _Ib._ xii. 17; xiv. 21.

973 Shishak, king of Egypt, besieges and takes Jerusalem _Ib._ xiv. 25, 26.

960 Abijam, king of Judah, reigns 3 years _Ib._ xv. 1, 2.

958 Asa, king of Judah, reigns 41 years _Ib._ xv. 9, 10.

917 Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, reigns 25 years _Ib._ xxii. 42.

896 The prophet Elijah taken up to heaven. Elisha the prophet 2 Kings ii. 11, 12.

892 Joram, king of Judah, reigns 8 years _Ib._ viii. 16, 17.

887 The Philistines and Arabians pillage Judah 2 Chron. xxi. 16, 17.

885 Ahaziah, king of Judah, reigns 1 year 2 Kings viii. 25, 26.

884 Usurpation of the throne by Athaliah; reigns 6 years _Ib._ xi. 1, 3.

878 Jehoash, king of Judah, reigns 40 years _Ib._ xii. 1.

856 Repairs of the Temple _Ib._ xii. 11-14.

840 Hazael, king of Syria, threatens Jerusalem _Ib._ xii. 18.

839 Amaziah, king of Judah, reigns 29 years _Ib._ xiv. 1, 2.

838 Jehoash, king of Israel, comes to Jerusalem as a conqueror _Ib._ xiv. 17.

811 Azariah, king of Judah, reigns 52 years _Ib._ xv. 2.

787 The Prophet Amos Amos i. 1.

785 The Prophet Hosea Hosea i. 1.

759 Jotham, king of Judah, reigns 16 years; fortifies Ophel 2 Kings xv. 32; 2 Chr. xxvii. 3.

743 Ahaz, king of Judah, reigns 16 years _Ib._ xvi. 2.

-- Isaiah the Prophet. Micah the Prophet, in the days of Jotham Isai. i. 1; Micah i. 1.

727 Hezekiah, king of Judah, reigns 29 years 2 Kings xviii. 2.

714 Judah invaded by Sennacherib the Assyrian _Ib._ xviii. 13.

713 Destruction of Sennacherib's army 2 Kings xix. 35.

698 Manasseh, king of Judah, reigns 55 years; fortifies Ophel _Ib._ xxi. 1; 2 Chr. xxxiii. 14.

643 Amon, king of Judah, reigns 2 years _Ib._ xxi. 19.

641 Josiah, king of Judah, reigns 31 years _Ib._ xxii. 1.

629 The prophet Jeremiah Jer. i. 2.

-- The prophet Zephaniah Zephan. i. 1.

624 The Book of the Law found 2 Kings xxii. 8.

610-9 Josiah killed by Pharaoh-nechoh, king of Egypt _Ib._ xxiii. 29.

-- Jehoahaz, king of Judah, reigns 3 months _Ib._ xxiii. 31.

-- Jehoiachim (Eliakim), king of Judah, reigns 11 years _Ib._ xxiii. 34, 36.

606-5 Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, subdues Judea. Epoch generally used to indicate the commencement of the Seventy years' Captivity in Babylon _Ib._ xxiv. 1.

599-8 Jehoiachin, king of Judah, reigns 3 months. Jerusalem taken by Nebuchadnezzar. _Ib._ xxiv. 12.

-- Zedekiah, king of Judah under the Chaldeans, reigns 11 years _Ib._ xxiv. 18.

595 The Vision of the Prophet Ezekiel, in the thirtieth year after the reformation of Josiah, by the river Chebar, in Babylon Ezekiel i. 1.

589 The city of Jerusalem besieged by Nebuchadnezzar 2 Kings xxv. 1, 2.

588 Jeremiah in prison Jer. xxxvii. 15.

587 Destruction of Jerusalem; Zedekiah taken prisoner; the people carried captive to Babylon 2 Kings xxv. 6, 9-11.

536 Return of the Jews to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel in the 1st year of the reign of Cyrus Ezra i. 1; ii. 2.

521 The building of the Temple interrupted by order of Smerdis, called by Ezra, Artaxerxes _Ib._ iii. 8; iv. 1, 21, 24.

520 Recommencement of the building of the Temple in the 2nd year of Darius, king of Persia _Ib._ iv. 24; vi. 7-14.

517 Completion and Dedication of the Temple _Ib._ vi. 15, 16.

457 Ezra goes to Judea with many of the Jews, by order of Artaxerxes _Ib._ vii. 1-8.

444 Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem, rebuilds the walls, and governs the city until 432 Nehem. i. 1; ii. 1; iii.

332 The great high-priest Jaddua receives Alexander the Great at Jerusalem.

-- Palestine under Greek and Roman Dominion.

323 Ptolemy, one of the generals of Alexander the Great, surprises and takes Jerusalem.

320 Many Jews in captivity at Alexandria.

314 Antiochus the Great subdues Palestine.

301 Ptolemy Epiphanes recovers Palestine.

292 Death of Simon the Just.

170 Antiochus Epiphanes lays waste the city of Jerusalem, pillages the Temple, and builds a fortress to command it.

167 Mattathias begins the war of Jewish Independence.

165 Judas Maccabeus delivers his Country, purifies and restores the Temple at Jerusalem.

164 Antiochus Eupator besieges the Temple at Jerusalem.

160 Jonathan succeeds his brother, Judas Maccabeus.

144 Jonathan undertakes to fortify Jerusalem.

143 Simon Maccabeus, general of the Jews, delivers his Nation from Macedonian servitude; takes the fortress commanding the Temple, which he razes to the ground, and destroys the hill upon which it was built.

135 Simon Maccabeus treacherously killed.

129 Antiochus Soter besieges Hyrcanus in Jerusalem. Hyrcanus causes the Sepulchre of David to be opened, and takes from it three thousand talents.

107 Aristobulus, the eldest son of Hyrcanus, prince of the Jews, causes himself to be crowned king. Death of his brother Antigonus in the subterranean passages of Strato's Tower at Jerusalem.

79 Death of Alexander Janneus.

65 Aretas, king of Arabia, besieges Aristobulus in Jerusalem.

64-63 Pompey besieges the Temple of Jerusalem.

63 After a siege of three months Pompey carries the Temple by assault.

54 Crassus pillages the Temple of Jerusalem.

47 Cæsar permits Hyrcanus to rebuild the Walls of Jerusalem.

44 Herod besieges Jerusalem.

43 Cassius in Judea.

40 Jerusalem taken by the Parthians; Phazaelus killed.

-- Herod besieges Jerusalem; is proclaimed king at Rome.

38 Herod, assisted by Sosius, takes Jerusalem by storm.

17 Herod rebuilds the Temple and the fortress of Baris, which he calls Antonia. In the upper town he builds the Cæsarean and Agrippan palaces, and excavates a subterranean passage from the Tower Antonia to the Eastern gate of the Temple.

12 Herod causes the Sepulchre of David to be opened.

7 Herod causes his sons, Alexander and Aristobulus, to be condemned in a large assembly at Berytus.

5 Sabinus at Jerusalem seizes the treasures left by Herod.

4 Birth of Jesus Christ. The Vulgar Era commences four years later.

4 Death of Herod, who is interred at Herodium, and succeeded by Archelaus.

* * * * *

A.D.

26 Death of Augustus, succeeded by Tiberius.

-- Pilate supplies Jerusalem with water by means of Aqueducts.

28 Jesus Christ keeps the second Passover at Jerusalem.

31 Death of Jesus Christ.

37 Birth of Flavius Josephus at Jerusalem.

38 Agrippa named king of the Jews by Caius Caligula.

42 Claudius confirms Agrippa's title as king.

44 King Agrippa begins to fortify Jerusalem, but is forbidden to continue the work by the emperor Claudius.

-- Izates, king of Adiabene, and queen Helena, his mother, embrace Judaism.

46 Death of Herod, king of Chalcis. The emperor Claudius gives his dominions to Agrippa, son of king Agrippa the Great.

47 The insolence of a Roman soldier causes the death of twenty thousand Jews at Jerusalem.

52 Death of the emperor Claudius. Nero succeeds him.

60 King Agrippa builds an apartment whence he can see all that goes on in the precincts of the Temple.

62 Ananias, the high-priest, puts S. James to death.

65 Albinus and Gessius Florus persecute the Jews.

66 Cestius Gallus enters Jerusalem, and would have taken the Temple, had he not imprudently raised the siege.

-- Cestius defeated at Gibeon by the Jews.

-- The Christian Jews, guided by their bishop, Simon, retire beyond the Jordan, to the town of Pella. (See Eusebius, Hist. Eccles. III. 5.)

-- The Jews prepare for war with the Romans. The emperor Nero confers the command of his Syrian armies upon Vespasian, to make war upon the Jews.

67 Vespasian and Titus proceed to Ptolemais with an army of sixty thousand men.

-- Flavius Josephus made prisoner by Vespasian.

68 Vespasian begins to blockade Jerusalem.

-- Flavius Josephus set at liberty by Vespasian, who is now become emperor.

69 Vespasian despatches Titus to Judea, to take Jerusalem.

70 Titus arrives at Jerusalem, in which place Simon had ten thousand men, besides five thousand Idumeans. John had eight thousand four hundred men. Total twenty-three thousand four hundred.

-- Titus takes the city of Jerusalem, and reduces it to ruins.

-- Titus returns to view Jerusalem.

136-8 Hadrian rebuilds Jerusalem, and calls it Ælia Capitolina.

306 Constantine proclaimed emperor.

326 The emperor Constantine and his mother Helena build many churches in Palestine.

335 The Church of the Holy Sepulchre completed.

363 Under the reign of Julian the Apostate the Jews attempt to rebuild the Temple.

396 Palestine a province of the Eastern Empire.

420 Patriarchate of Tiberius came to an end under Theodosius II.

436 Under the reign of Marcian, the general Council of Chalcedon raises the Church of Jerusalem to the Patriarchal dignity.

527-565 Justinian, emperor of the East, builds churches in Palestine.

614 Chosroes II. enters Palestine and destroys the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem.

629 The emperor Heraclius carries back to Jerusalem the wood of the Cross restored by Chosroes.

-- The Greek monk, Modestus, afterwards Patriarch, determines to rebuild the Church of the Sepulchre.

636 Omar becomes master of Jerusalem under a capitulation arranged with Sophronius the patriarch.

637 Omar orders the construction of a Mosque upon the site of the Jewish Temple, and converts the basilica of S. Mary of Justinian into the Mosque el-Aksa.

687-690 The Caliph Abd-el-Melik Ibn-Merwan erects the Mosque of Omar.

748 and subsequently. The Christians inhabit a separate quarter of Jerusalem, and pay tribute.

786-809 Haroun-er-Raschid presents the keys of the Holy Sepulchre to Charlemagne, king of the French.

842 Under the Caliphate of Al-Motassim, Tamim, surnamed Abu-Harb, marches to Jerusalem and threatens to burn the churches, but retires after receiving a sum of money.

878 Syria and Palestine conquered by Ahmed-ben-Touloun.

929-950 Interruption of the pilgrimages to Mecca, owing to the invasion of the Carmathians; the Mosque of Omar at Jerusalem replaces the Caaba.

936 Abubeker-Mohammed, surnamed Ikshide, makes himself master of Palestine.

945 The eunuch Cafour master of Palestine until his death in 968.

972 Palestine in the power of Moezz-Ledin-Allah, caliph of the dynasty of the Fatimites.

996 The caliph Al-Hakem-Biamr-Allah ascends the throne of Egypt.

1010 Hakem-Biamr-Allah destroys the Church of the Sepulchre at Jerusalem.

1046 The Church of the Sepulchre rebuilt under caliph Al-Mostanser-Billah. The emperor Constantine Monomachus gives large sums towards the work.

1071 Atsiz takes Jerusalem from caliph Al-Mostanser-Billah, and pillages many of the churches.

1095 Al-Mastaali-Billah, caliph of Egypt, sends an army to Palestine under the command of Al-Afdhal-ibn-Bedr; Jerusalem capitulates after 40 days' siege.

-- At the general Council of Clermont Peter the Hermit appears by the side of Pope Urban II., and the Crusade is determined.

1099 The Crusaders, commanded by Godfrey of Bouillon, take Jerusalem, Friday, July 15th.

1100 Death of Godfrey of Bouillon in the month of July.

1118 Death of Baldwin I.

1131 Death of Baldwin II.

-- Under the reign of Baldwin II. the military and religious orders of S. John, or Hospitalers and Knights of the Temple, are approved by the Pope.

1142 Fulk, count of Anjou, dies at Ptolemais.

1146 The second Crusade decided upon in the Assembly of Vezelay, March 31st. Undertaken by Louis VII., king of France, and Conrad, emperor of Germany, under the pontificate of Eugenius III.

1162 Baldwin III. dies at Beyrout.

1173 Death of Amaury. This king witnessed the birth and development of the power of Saladin.

1185 Death of Baldwin IV.

1186 Death of Baldwin V.

1187 Saladin destroys the army of Guy of Lusignan, July 4.

-- The Christians of Jerusalem capitulate to Saladin, October 2nd.

1189 Third Crusade under the pontificate of Clement III., Philip Augustus, king of France, Richard Coeur de Lion, king of England, Frederic Barbarossa, emperor of Germany.

1190 Death of Frederic Barbarossa on the Cydnus.

1191 Siege and capture of S. Jean d'Acre by Richard Coeur de Lion and Philip Augustus.

1193 Death of Saladin at Damascus, the night of March 3rd.

1203 Fourth Crusade under the pontificate of Innocent III.

1205 Amaury II. dies in the Spring.

1212 Crusade of the fifty thousand children.

1217 Fifth Crusade under the pontificate of Honorius III.

1219 Francis of Assisi in Palestine.

1229 Sixth Crusade under the pontificate of Gregory IX. The sultan, Malek-Kamel, cedes Jerusalem to Frederic without combat.

1239 The Christians reconstruct the ramparts of Jerusalem, with Thibaut, count of Champagne, and king of Navarre; but the prince of Kerek enters the city and destroys the new fortifications and the Tower of David.

1240 Richard of Cornwall, brother of Henry III., king of England, arrives in Palestine with an army of English Crusaders.

1244 The Tartars under Gengis Khan take and destroy Jerusalem.

-- Palestine remains in possession of the Egyptians.

1248 Louis IX. undertakes a Crusade under the pontificate of Innocent IV.

1254 Louis IX. abandons Palestine upon the news of queen Blanche's death.

1270 Louis IX. undertakes a fresh Crusade.

-- Louis IX. dies at Tunis, August 25th.

1271 Prince Edward, son of Henry III. of England, in the East. He is wounded with a dagger by an emissary of the Old Man of the Mountain, but is saved by the princess Eleanor, his wife.

1291 The Crusaders lose S. Jean d'Acre, their last possession in Palestine.

1313 Robert of Anjou, king of Naples, causes the disciples of S. Francis of Assisi to be admitted into Jerusalem.

1491 The Franciscans of Mount Sion dispersed in the reign of sultan Malec-dhaher-djahmak.

1517-18 Selim I., sultan of Constantinople, conquers Syria and Palestine.

1534 Sultan Solyman, son of Selim I., builds the wall of the city, together with many edifices and fountains.

1799 Napoleon Bonaparte in Palestine.

1832 Conquest of Syria and Palestine by Ibrahim Pasha.

1841 Syria and Palestine restored to the Sultan.

1859 Surraya Pasha, governor of Palestine, subdues the chiefs of the country, and restores tranquillity.

1860 Massacre of the Christians in the Lebanon and at Damascus. Palestine remains tranquil under the good government of Surraya Pasha.

PRINCIPAL PASSAGES FROM THE HOLY BIBLE

BEARING UPON THE STATEMENTS IN THE TEXT.

GENESIS.

[Sidenote: Valley of Shaveh, which is the king's dale.]

"And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and of the kings that were with him, at the valley of Shaveh, which is the king's dale." xiv. 17. (page 1.)

[Sidenote: Salem.]

"And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine." xiv. 18. (p. 1.)

[Sidenote: Moriah.]

"And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of." xxii. 2. (pp. 17, 46.)

[Sidenote: Jehovah-jireh.]

"And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovah-jireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the Lord it shall be seen." xxii. 14. (pp. 17, 46.)

EXODUS.

[Sidenote: Altar of stone.]

"And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it." xx. 25. (p. 54.)

"Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon." xx. 26. (p. 89.)

LEVITICUS.

[Sidenote: Altar.]

"And he shall kill it on the side of the altar northward before the Lord: and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall sprinkle his blood round about upon the altar." i. 11. (pp. 50, 89.)

[Sidenote: Place of the ashes.]

"And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes." i. 16. (pp. 50, 92.)

DEUTERONOMY.

[Sidenote: Altar of stones.]

"And there shalt thou build an altar unto the Lord thy God, an altar of stones: thou shalt not lift up any iron tool upon them." xxvii. 5. (p. 54.)

[Sidenote: Of whole stones.]

"Thou shalt build the altar of the Lord thy God of whole stones: and thou shalt offer burnt offerings thereon unto the Lord thy God." xxvii. 6. (p. 54.)

JOSHUA.

[Sidenote: Jerusalem.]

"Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai," &c. x. 1. (pp. 1, 2.)

[Sidenote: Jebusites.]

"As for the Jebusites the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah could not drive them out: but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Judah at Jerusalem unto this day." xv. 63. (p. 2.)

[Sidenote: Valley of the son of Hinnom.]

[Sidenote: Valley of the giants. En-Rogel.]

"And the border came down to the end of the mountain that lieth before the valley of the son of Hinnom, and which is in the valley of the giants on the north, and descended to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of Jebusi on the south, and descended to En-rogel." xviii. 16. (pp. 17, 22, 188, 204, 290.)

JUDGES.

[Sidenote: Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem.]

"And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day." i. 21. (pp. 2, 22.)

[Sidenote: Jebus, which is Jerusalem.]

"But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and departed, and came over against Jebus, which is Jerusalem; and there were with him two asses saddled, his concubine also was with him." xix. 10. (p. 1.)

2 SAMUEL.

[Sidenote: David went to Jerusalem.]

"And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, Except thou take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither: thinking, David cannot come in hither." v. 6. (pp. 2, 16, 22.)

[Sidenote: Stronghold of Zion. City of David.]

"Nevertheless David took the stronghold of Zion: the same is the city of David." v. 7. (pp. 2, 16, 22, 210.)

[Sidenote: Millo.]

"So David dwelt in the fort, and called it the city of David. And David built round about from Millo and inward." v. 9. (pp. 2, 16, 22, 23, 24, 210.)

[Sidenote: Hiram. Masons.]

"And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar-trees, and carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house." v. 11. (p. 22.)

[Sidenote: Valley of Rephaim.]

"The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim." v. 18. (p. 194.)

[Sidenote: Mount Olivet.]

"And David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet, and wept as he went up," &c. xv. 30. (p. 21.)

[Sidenote: Absalom.]

"And they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit in the wood, and laid a very great heap of stones upon him; and all Israel fled every one to his tent." xviii. 17. (p. 182.)

[Sidenote: His place.]

"Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself a pillar, which is in the king's dale: for he said, I have no son to keep my name in remembrance: and he called the pillar after his own name: and it is called unto this day, Absalom's place." xviii. 18. (pp. 47, 182.)

[Sidenote: Araunah the Jebusite.]

"And when the angel stretched out his hand upon Jerusalem to destroy it, the Lord repented him of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed the people, It is enough: stay now thine hand. And the angel of the Lord was by the threshingplace of Araunah the Jebusite." xxiv. 16. (pp. 24, 46.)

[Sidenote: Altar on his threshingfloor.]

"And Gad came that day to David, and said unto him, Go up, rear an altar unto the Lord in the threshingfloor of Araunah the Jebusite." xxiv. 18. (pp. 24, 46.)

"So David bought the threshingfloor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver." xxiv. 24. (pp. 24, 46.)

"And David built there an altar unto the Lord, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. So the Lord was intreated for the land, and the plague was stayed from Israel." xxiv. 25. (pp. 24, 46.)

1 KINGS.

[Sidenote: En-Rogel.]

"And Adonijah slew sheep and oxen and fat cattle by the stone of Zoheleth, which is by En-rogel, and called all his brethren the king's sons, and all the men of Judah the king's servants." i. 9. (pp. 188, 290.)

[Sidenote: Gihon.]

"So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and brought him to Gihon." i. 38. (p. 21.)

"And Adonijah and all the guests that were with him heard it as they had made an end of eating. And when Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar?" i. 41. (p. 290.)

[Sidenote: David buried.]

"So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David." ii. 10. (p. 210.)

[Sidenote: Solomon, and the wall of Jerusalem.]

"And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the Lord, and the wall of Jerusalem round about." iii. 1. (p. 24.)

[Sidenote: Builders of Solomon and Hiram.]

"And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders did hew them, and the stonesquarers: so they prepared timber and stones to build the house." v. 18. (p. 48.)

[Sidenote: House which king Solomon built for the Lord.]

"And the house which king Solomon built for the Lord, the length thereof was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits." vi. 2. (p. 49.)

[Sidenote: Stone.]

"And the house, when it was in building, was built of stone made ready before it was brought thither: so that there was neither hammer nor axe nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building." vi. 7. (p. 48.)

[Sidenote: Oracle.]

"And the oracle he prepared in the house within, to set there the ark of the covenant of the Lord." vi. 19. (p. 49.)

[Sidenote: Altar.]

"And the oracle in the forepart was twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits in the height thereof: and he overlaid it with pure gold." vi. 20. (p. 49.)

[Sidenote: Stones.]

"All these were of costly stones, according to the measures of hewed stones, sawed with saws, within and without, even from the foundation unto the coping, and so on the outside toward the great court." vii. 9. (p. 48.)

"And the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones, stones of ten cubits, and stones of eight cubits." vii. 10. (p. 48.)

[Sidenote: Millo and the wall of Jerusalem.]

"And this is the reason of the levy which king Solomon raised; for to build the house of the Lord, and his own house, and Millo, and the wall of Jerusalem." ix. 15. (pp. 24, 25.)

"But Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which Solomon had built for her: then did he build Millo." ix. 24. (p. 25.)

[Sidenote: High places in the hill before Jerusalem.]

"Then did Solomon build an high place for Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the abomination of the children of Ammon." xi. 7. (p. 21, 204.)

[Sidenote: Millo.]

"And this was the cause that he lifted up his hand against the king: Solomon built Millo, and repaired the breaches of the city of David his father." xi. 27. (pp. 24, 25.)

[Sidenote: Solomon buried.]

"And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David his father." xi. 43. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Shishak.]

"And it came to pass in the fifth year of king Rehoboam, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem." xiv. 25. (pp. 2, 50.)

[Sidenote: Rehoboam buried.]

"And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David." xiv. 31. (p. 310.)

2 KINGS.

[Sidenote: Ahaziah buried.]

"And his servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem, and buried him in his sepulchre with his fathers in the city of David." ix. 28. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Joash, House of Millo, Silla.]

"And his servants arose, and made a conspiracy, and slew Joash in the house of Millo, which goeth down to Silla." xii. 20. (pp. 25, 253.)

[Sidenote: Conduit of upper pool.]

"And the king of Assyria sent Tartan and Rabsaris and Rab-shakeh from Lachish to king Hezekiah with a great host against Jerusalem. And they went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they were come up, they came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is in the highway of the fuller's field." xviii. 17. (pp. 39, 241, 252.)

[Sidenote: The people on the wall.]

"Then said Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebna, and Joah, unto Rab-shakeh, Speak, I pray thee, to thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and talk not with us in the Jews' language in the ears of the people that are on the wall." xviii. 26. (p. 252.)

[Sidenote: Hezekiah.]

[Sidenote: Pool. Conduit. Water into the city.]

"And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and all his might, and how he made a pool, and a conduit, and brought water into the city, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?" xx. 20. (pp. 14, 24, 25, 32.)

"And Hezekiah slept with his fathers." xx. 21. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Manasseh buried in the garden of Uzza.]

"And Manasseh slept with his fathers, and was buried in the garden of his own house, in the garden of Uzza." xxi. 18. (pp. 184, 310.)

[Sidenote: Amon buried in same place.]

"And he was buried in his sepulchre in the garden of Uzza." xxi. 26. (pp. 184, 310.)

[Sidenote: Huldah.]

"So Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam, and Achbor, and Shaphan, and Asahiah, went unto Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the college;) and they communed with her." xxii. 14. (pp. 25, 70.)

[Sidenote: Josiah. The graves of the children of the people.]

"And he brought out the grove from the house of the Lord, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people." xxiii. 6. (pp. 39, 168.)

[Sidenote: Topheth, Hinnom.]

"And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech." xxiii. 10. (pp. 21, 310.)

[Sidenote: Places before Jerusalem.]

"And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon," &c. xxiii. 13. (p. 21.)

[Sidenote: Josiah buried.]

"And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre." xxiii. 30. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Nebuchadnezzar.]

"At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem, and the city was besieged." xxiv. 10. (pp. 2, 50.)

"And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land." xxiv. 14. (pp. 2, 50.)

[Sidenote: Gate between two walls. King's garden.]

"And the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled by night by the way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king's garden: (now the Chaldees were against the city round about:) and the king went the way toward the plain." xxv. 4. (pp. 26, 182, 188.)

[Sidenote: Nebuzar-adan came unto Jerusalem.]

"And in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which is the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzar-adan, captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, unto Jerusalem." xxv. 8. (p. 2.)

[Sidenote: Burnt the house of the Lord, &c.]

"And he burnt the house of the Lord, and the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem, and every great man's house burnt he with fire." xxv. 9. (pp. 2, 50.)

[Sidenote: Walls of Jerusalem.]

"And all the army of the Chaldees, that were with the captain of the guard, brake down the walls of Jerusalem round about." xxv. 10. (p. 2.)

[Sidenote: People that remained.]

"But the captain of the guard left of the poor of the land to be vinedressers and husbandmen." xxv. 12. (p. 50.)

1 CHRONICLES.

[Sidenote: Castle of Zion. City of David.]

"And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David." xi. 5. (pp. 2, 16.)

"And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city of David." xi. 7. (p. 22.)

[Sidenote: Works of David and Joab.]

"And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and Joab repaired the rest of the city." xi. 8. (pp. 23, 24.)

[Sidenote: Ornan the Jebusite.]

"Then the angel of the Lord commanded Gad to say to David, that David should go up, and set up an altar unto the Lord in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite." xxi. 18. (pp. 24, 46.)

"So David gave to Ornan for the place six hundred shekels of gold by weight." xxi. 25. (p. 46.)

[Sidenote: David built there an altar, &c.]

"And David built there an altar unto the Lord, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings, and called upon the Lord; and he answered him from heaven by fire upon the altar of burnt offering." xxi. 26. (p. 46.)

2 CHRONICLES.

[Sidenote: Moriah.]

"Then Solomon began to build the house of the Lord at Jerusalem in mount Moriah, where the Lord appeared unto David his father, in the place that David had prepared in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite." iii. 1. (pp. 17, 24.)

[Sidenote: House of God.]

"Now these are the things wherein Solomon was instructed for the building of the house of God. The length by cubits after the first measure was threescore cubits, and the breadth twenty cubits." iii. 3. (p. 48.)

"And he made the most holy house, the length whereof was according to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits." iii. 8. (p. 48.)

[Sidenote: Altar of brass.]

"Moreover he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof." iv. 1. (p. 49.)

[Sidenote: Solomon buried.]

"And Solomon slept with his fathers, and he was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead." ix. 31. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Asa buried.]

"And they buried him in his own sepulchres, which he had made for himself in the city of David, and laid him in the bed which was filled with sweet odours and divers kinds of spices prepared by the apothecaries' art: and they made a very great burning for him." xvi. 14. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Jehoram buried.]

"Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years, and departed without being desired. Howbeit they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings." xxi. 20. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Athaliah.]

"So they laid hands on her; and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there." xxiii. 15. (p. 26.)

[Sidenote: Joash buried.]

"And they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings." xxiv. 25. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Amaziah buried.]

"And they brought him upon horses, and buried him with his fathers in the city of Judah." xxv. 28. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Uzziah built towers at the corner gate and valley gate.]

"Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate, and at the valley gate, and at the turning of the wall, and fortified them." xxvi. 9. (p. 26.)

[Sidenote: Uzziah buried.]

"So Uzziah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the field of the burial which belonged to the kings; for they said, He is a leper: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead." xxvi. 23. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Jotham. Ophel.]

"He built the high gate of the house of the Lord, and on the wall of Ophel he built much." xxvii. 3. (p. 25.)

[Sidenote: Ahaz buried.]

"And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem: but they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel." xxviii. 27. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Hezekiah stopped the waters of the fountains.]

"He took counsel with his princes and his mighty men to stop the waters of the fountains which were without the city: and they did help him." xxxii. 3. (pp. 241, 252.)

[Sidenote: The people stopped all the fountains.]

"So there was gathered much people together, who stopped all the fountains, and the brook that ran through the midst of the land, saying, Why should the kings of Assyria come, and find much water?" xxxii. 4. (pp. 241, 252.)

[Sidenote: Hezekiah repaired Millo.]

"Also he strengthened himself, and built up all the wall that was broken, and raised it up to the towers, and another wall without, and repaired Millo in the city of David, and made darts and shields in abundance." xxxii. 5. (pp. 25, 252.)

[Sidenote: Stopped the upper watercourse of Gihon.]

"This same Hezekiah also stopped the upper watercourse of Gihon, and brought it straight down to the west side of the city of David." xxxii. 30. (pp. 21, 241, 251, 252.)

[Sidenote: Hezekiah buried.]

"And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the chiefest of the sepulchres of the sons of David." xxxii. 33. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Manasseh built on the west side of Gihon. Ophel.]

"Now after this he built a wall without the city of David, on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entering in at the fish gate, and compassed about Ophel, and raised it up a very great height." xxxiii. 14. (pp. 2, 17, 21, 26.)

[Sidenote: Manasseh buried.]

"So Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his own house: and Amon his son reigned in his stead." xxxiii. 20. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Chaldees burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem.]

"And they burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all the palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed all the goodly vessels thereof." xxxvi. 19. (p. 50.)

EZRA.

[Sidenote: House of God. Zerubbabel.]

"But many of the priests and Levites and chief of the fathers, who were ancient men, that had seen the first house, when the foundation of this house was laid before their eyes, wept with a loud voice; and many shouted aloud for joy." iii. 12. (p. 51.)

[Sidenote: Zerubbabel builds the house of God.]

"Then rose up Zerubbabel, ... and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem: and with them were the prophets of God helping them." v. 2. (p. 51.)

[Sidenote: House of God. Cyrus.]

"In the first year of Cyrus the king the same Cyrus the king made a decree concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, Let the house be builded, the place where they offered sacrifices, and let the foundations thereof be strongly laid; the height thereof threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits." vi. 3. (p. 51.)

NEHEMIAH.

[Sidenote: Gate of the valley. Dragon well. Dung port.]

"And I went out by night by the gate of the valley, even before the dragon well, and to the dung port, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire." ii. 13. (pp. 27, 286.)

[Sidenote: Gate of the fountain. King's pool.]

"Then I went on to the gate of the fountain, and to the king's pool: but there was no place for the beast that was under me to pass." ii. 14. (p. 286.)

[Sidenote: The sheep gate. Tower Meah. Tower Hananeel.]

"Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brethren the priests, and they builded the sheep gate; they sanctified it, and set up the doors of it; even unto the tower of Meah they sanctified it, unto the tower of Hananeel." iii. 1. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Fish gate.]

"But the fish gate did the sons of Hassenaah build." iii. 3. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Old gate repaired.]

"Moreover the old gate repaired Jehoiada the son of Paseah, and Meshullam the son of Besodeiah." iii. 6. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: The broad wall.]

"... and they fortified Jerusalem unto the broad wall." iii. 8. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Tower of the furnaces.]

"... repaired the other piece, and the tower of the furnaces." iii. 11. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: The valley gate. The dung gate.]

"The valley gate repaired Hanun, and the inhabitants of Zanoah; they built it, and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, and the bars thereof, and a thousand cubits on the wall unto the dung gate." iii. 13. (pp. 27, 286.)

[Sidenote: The dung gate.]

"But the dung gate repaired Malchiah." iii. 14. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Gate of the fountain. Pool of Siloah. King's garden. The stairs, &c.]

"But the gate of the fountain repaired Shallun ... he built it ... and the wall of the pool of Siloah by the king's garden, and unto the stairs that go down from the city of David." iii. 15. (pp. 27, 185, 210.)

[Sidenote: Sepulchres of David. Pool that was made.]

"After him repaired Nehemiah ... unto the place over against the sepulchres of David, and to the pool that was made." iii. 16. (pp. 27, 210.)

[Sidenote: Ophel. The water gate.]

"Moreover the Nethinims dwelt in Ophel, unto the place over against the water gate toward the east, and the tower that lieth out." iii. 26. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Wall of Ophel.]

"After them the Tekoites repaired another piece, over against the great tower that lieth out, even unto the wall of Ophel." iii. 27. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: The east gate.]

"... After him repaired also Shemaiah the son of Shechaniah, the keeper of the east gate." iii. 29. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Building of the wall.]

"They which builded on the wall, and they that bare burdens, with those that laded, every one with one of his hands wrought in the work, and with the other hand held a weapon." iv. 17. (p. 285.)

[Sidenote: Building of the wall.]

"For the builders, every one had his sword girded by his side, and so builded. And he that sounded the trumpet was by me." iv. 18. (p. 285.)

[Sidenote: Wall finished.]

"So the wall was finished in the twenty and fifth day of the month Elul, in fifty and two days." vi. 15. (p. 285.)

[Sidenote: Plain country round about Jerusalem.]

"And the sons of the singers gathered themselves together, both out of the plain country round about Jerusalem, and from the villages of Netophathi." xii. 28. (p. 43.)

[Sidenote: Villages round about Jerusalem.]

"Also from the house of Gilgal, and out of the fields of Geba and Azmaveth: for the singers had builded them villages round about Jerusalem." xii. 29. (p. 43.)

[Sidenote: Dung gate.]

"Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and appointed two great companies of them that gave thanks, whereof one went on the right hand upon the wall toward the dung gate." xii. 31. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Fountain and Water gates, Stairs, &c.]

"And at the fountain gate, which was over against them, they went up by the stairs of the city of David, at the going up of the wall, above the house of David, even unto the water gate eastward." xii. 37. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Tower of the furnaces. Broad wall.]

"And the other company of them that gave thanks went over against them, and I after them, and the half of the people upon the wall, from beyond the tower of the furnaces even unto the broad wall." xii. 38. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Gates, and Tower of Hananeel.]

"And from above the gate of Ephraim, and above the old gate, and above the fish gate, and the tower of Hananeel, and the tower of Meah, even unto the sheep gate: and they stood still in the prison gate." xii. 39. (pp. 27, 144, 286.)

ECCLESIASTES.

[Sidenote: Gardens.]

"I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kind of fruits." ii. 5. (p. 246.)

[Sidenote: Pools.]

"I made me pools of water, to water therewith the wood that bringeth forth trees." ii. 6. (p. 246.)

ISAIAH.

[Sidenote: Upper pool. Fuller's field.]

"Then said the Lord unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, and Shear-jashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field." vii. 3. (pp. 241, 251.)

[Sidenote: Waters of Shiloah.]

"Forasmuch as this people refuseth the waters of Shiloah that go softly, and rejoice in Rezin and Remaliah's son." viii. 6. (p. 185.)

[Sidenote: Lower pool.]

"Ye have seen also the breaches of the city of David, that they are many: and ye gathered together the waters of the lower pool." xxii. 9. (p. 209.)

[Sidenote: Of the old pool.]

"Ye made also a ditch between the two walls for the water of the old pool: but ye have not looked unto the maker thereof, neither had respect unto him that fashioned it long ago." xxii. 11. (p. 31.)

[Sidenote: Kings of Assyria. Conduit of upper pool. Fuller's field.]

"And the king of Assyria sent Rab-shakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem unto king Hezekiah with a great army. And he stood by the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field." xxxvi. 2. (p. 39.)

[Sidenote: People on the wall.]

"Then said Eliakim and Shebna and Joah unto Rab-shakeh, Speak, I pray thee, unto thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and speak not to us in the Jews' language, in the ears of the people that are on the wall." xxxvi. 11. (p. 252.)

"Then the angel of the Lord went forth, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians a hundred and fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses." xxxvii. 36. (p. 241.)

JEREMIAH.

[Sidenote: Tophet. Hinnom.]

"Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that it shall no more be called Tophet, nor the valley of the son of Hinnom, but the valley of slaughter: for they shall bury in Tophet, till there be no place." vii. 32. (pp. 21, 205.)

[Sidenote: Hinnom. East gate.]

"And go forth unto the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is by the entry of the east gate, and proclaim there the words that I shall tell thee." xix. 2. (p. 286.)

[Sidenote: Tophet.]

"And shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Even so will I break this people and this city, as one breaketh a potter's vessel, that cannot be made whole again: and they shall bury them in Tophet, till there be no place to bury." xix. 11. (pp. 21, 205, 206.)

[Sidenote: Gate of Benjamin.]

"Then Pashur smote Jeremiah the prophet, and put him in the stocks that were in the high gate of Benjamin, which was by the house of the Lord." xx. 2. (p. 26.)

[Sidenote: Jehoiakim's burial.]

"He shall be buried with the burial of an ass, drawn and cast forth beyond the gates of Jerusalem." xxii. 19. (p. 310.)

[Sidenote: Graves of the common people.]

"And they fetched forth Urijah out of Egypt, and brought him unto Jehoiakim the king; who slew him with the sword, and cast his dead body into the graves of the common people." xxvi. 23. (pp. 39, 168.)

[Sidenote: Gate of the corner. Tower of Hananeel.]

"Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that the city shall be built to the Lord from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner." xxxi. 38. (p. 26.)

[Sidenote: Gareb. Goath.]

"And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath." xxxi. 39. (p. 18.)

[Sidenote: Valley of the dead bodies, &c.]

[Sidenote: Horse gate.]

"And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook of Kidron, unto the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the Lord; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever." xxxi. 40. (p. 26.)

[Sidenote: Jeremiah's dungeon.]

"When Jeremiah was entered into the dungeon, and into the cabins, and Jeremiah had remained there many days." xxxvii. 16. (p. 229.)

[Sidenote: Bakers' street.]

"Then Zedekiah the king commanded that they should commit Jeremiah into the court of the prison, and that they should give him daily a piece of bread out of the bakers' street, until all the bread in the city were spent. Thus Jeremiah remained in the court of the prison." xxxvii. 21. (p. 229.)

[Sidenote: Gate between the two walls. King's garden.]

"Then the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled, and went forth out of the city by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king's garden; (now the Chaldeans were by the city round about:) and they went by the way of the plain." lii. 7. (pp. 26, 188.)

[Sidenote: People carried away captive.]

"This is the people whom Nebuchadnezzar carried away captive: in the seventh year three thousand Jews and three and twenty." lii. 28. (p. 50.)

"In the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar he carried away captive from Jerusalem eight hundred thirty and two persons." lii. 29. (p. 50.)

"In the three and twentieth year of Nebuchadnezzar Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard carried away captive of the Jews seven hundred forty and five persons: all the persons were four thousand and six hundred." lii. 30. (p. 50.)

EZEKIEL.

[Sidenote: Cubits.]

"And behold a wall on the outside of the house round about, and in the man's hand a measuring reed of six cubits long by the cubit and an hand breadth: so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed." xl. 5. (p. 283.)

[Sidenote: Tables of sin offering.]

"And in the porch of the gate were two tables on this side, and two tables on that side, to slay thereon the burnt offering and the sin offering and the trespass offering." xl. 39. (pp. 55, 91.)

[Sidenote: North gate, tables.]

"And at the side without, as one goeth up to the entry of the north gate, were two tables; and on the other side, which was at the porch of the gate, were two tables." xl. 40. (p. 50, 55, 91.)

[Sidenote: Cubits.]

"I saw also the height of the house round about: the foundations of the side chambers were a full reed of six great cubits." xli. 8. (p. 283.)

[Sidenote: East Gate.]

"And the glory of the Lord came into the house by the way of the gate whose prospect is towards the east." xliii. 4. (p. 27.)

[Sidenote: Carcases of the kings.]

"... shall the house of Israel no more defile, neither they, nor their kings, by their whoredom, nor by the carcases of their kings in their high places." xliii. 7.

"Now let them put away their whoredom, and the carcases of their kings, far from me, and I will dwell in the midst of them for ever." xliii. 9.

[Sidenote: Cubit.]

"And these are the measures of the altar after the cubits: The cubit is a cubit and an hand breadth." xliii. 13. (pp. 49, 283.)

[Sidenote: Waters.]

"Afterward he brought me again unto the door of the house; and, behold, waters issued out from under the threshold of the house eastward: for the forefront of the house stood toward the east, and the waters came down from under from the right side of the house, at the south side of the altar." xlvii. 1. (p. 256.)

JOEL.

[Sidenote: Valley of Jehoshaphat.]

"I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my land." iii. 2. (pp. 168, 307.)

[Sidenote: Valley of Jehoshaphat.]

"Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about." iii. 12. (pp. 168, 307.)

MICAH.

[Sidenote: Zion a field.]

"Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of the forest." iii. 12. (pp. 3, 193.)

ZEPHANIAH.

[Sidenote: Fish gate. Second gate.]

"And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord, that there shall be the noise of a cry from the fish gate, and an howling from the second, and a great crashing from the hills." i. 10. (pp. 25, 26.)

S. MATTHEW.

[Sidenote: Fig tree.]

"And when he saw a fig tree in the way, he came to it, and found nothing thereon, but leaves only, and said unto it, Let no fruit grow on thee henceforward for ever. And presently the fig tree withered away." xxi. 19. (p. 204.)

[Sidenote: Gethsemane.]

"Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called Gethsemane, and saith unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder." xxvi. 36. (p. 177.)

[Sidenote: Jesus prayed.]

"And he went a little farther, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt." xxvi. 39. (p. 177.)

[Sidenote: Disciples asleep.]

"And he cometh unto the disciples, and findeth them asleep, and saith unto Peter, What, could ye not watch with me one hour?" xxvi. 40. (p. 179.)

[Sidenote: Judas.]

"And while he yet spake, lo, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with him a great multitude with swords and staves, from the chief priests and elders of the people." xxvi. 47. (p. 179.)

[Sidenote: Betrayal.]

"Now he that betrayed him gave them a sign, saying, Whomsoever I shall kiss, that same is he: hold him fast." xxvi. 48. (p. 179.)

[Sidenote: Caiaphas.]

"And they that had laid hold on Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled." xxvi. 57. (p. 220.)

[Sidenote: St. Peter.]

"Now Peter sat without in the palace: and a damsel came unto him, saying, Thou also wast with Jesus of Galilee." xxvi. 69. (p. 221.)

[Sidenote: S. Peter's denial.]

"But he denied before them all, saying, I know not what thou sayest." xxvi. 70. (p. 221.)

[Sidenote: S. Peter wept bitterly.]

"And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, which said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And he went out, and wept bitterly." xxvi. 75. (p. 221.)

[Sidenote: Potter's field.]

"And they took counsel, and bought with them the potter's field, to bury strangers in." xxvii. 7. (p. 206.)

[Sidenote: Field of Blood.]

"Wherefore that field was called, The field of blood, unto this day." xxvii. 8. (p. 206.)

[Sidenote: Crown of thorns.]

"And when they had platted a crown of thorns, they put it upon his head, and a reed in his right hand: and they bowed the knee before him, and mocked him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews!" xxvii. 29. (p. 138.)

[Sidenote: Crucify him.]

"And after that they had mocked him, they took the robe off from him, and put his own raiment on him, and led him away to crucify him." xxvii. 31. (p. 138.)

[Sidenote: Cyrenian, Simon by name.]

"And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross." xxvii. 32. (p. 142.)

[Sidenote: Golgotha.]

"And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull." xxvii. 33. (pp. 107, 122.)

[Sidenote: Parting the garments.]

"And they crucified him, and parted his garments, casting lots." xxvii. 35.

[Sidenote: Rocks rent.]

"And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent." xxvii. 51.

[Sidenote: Joseph.]

"And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth," xxvii. 59. (p. 103.)

[Sidenote: New tomb.]

"And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, and departed." xxvii. 60. (p. 103.)

[S. Mary Magdalene.]

"And there was Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, sitting over against the sepulchre." xxvii. 61. (p. 104.)

[Sidenote: Angel rolled back the stone.]

"And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it." xxviii. 2. (pp. 116, 118.)

S. MARK.

[Sidenote: Passover.]

"And wheresoever he shall go in, say ye to the goodman of the house, The Master saith, Where is the guest-chamber, where I shall eat the passover with my disciples?" xiv. 14. (p. 216.)

[Sidenote: Large upper room.]

"And he will shew you a large upper room furnished and prepared: there make ready for us." xiv. 15. (p. 216.)

[Sidenote: Sepulchre.]

"And entering into the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed in a long white garment; and they were affrighted." xvi. 5. (p. 118.)

S. LUKE.

[Sidenote: The rich man (Dives).]

"There was a certain rich man, which was clothed in purple and fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day." xvi. 19. (p. 142.)

[Sidenote: Lazarus.]

"And there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, which was laid at his gate, full of sores." xvi. 20. (p. 142.)

[Sidenote: Jesus wept over the city.]

"And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it." xix. 41. (p. 190.)

[Sidenote: Coenaculum.]

"And he shall shew you a large upper room furnished: there make ready." xxii. 12. (p. 216.)

[Sidenote: Gethsemane.]

"And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground." xxii. 44. (p. 177.)

[Sidenote: Herod. Pilate.]

"And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate." xxiii. 11. (p. 141.)

[Sidenote: Daughters of Jerusalem.]

"But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children." xxiii. 28. (p. 144.)

[Sidenote: Sepulchre hewn in stone.]

"And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid." xxiii. 53. (p. 103.)

[Sidenote: Emmaus.]

"And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was from Jerusalem about threescore furlongs." xxiv. 13.

[Sidenote: Bethany.]

"And he led them out as far as to Bethany, and he lifted up his hands, and blessed them." xxiv. 50. (p. 191.)

S. JOHN.

[Sidenote: Temple.]

"Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt thou rear it up in three days?" ii. 20. (pp. 53, 55.)

[Sidenote: Bethesda.]

"Now there is at Jerusalem by the sheep market a pool, which is called in the Hebrew tongue Bethesda, having five porches." v. 2. (pp. 59, 66.)

"And immediately the man was made whole, and took up his bed, and walked: and on the same day was the sabbath." v. 9. (p. 66.)

[Sidenote: Siloam.]

"And said unto him, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam, (which is by interpretation, Sent.) He went his way therefore, and washed, and came seeing." ix. 7. (pp. 185, 187.)

[Sidenote: Bethany.]

"Now Bethany was nigh unto Jerusalem, about fifteen furlongs off." xi. 18. (p. 201.)

[Sidenote: Cave of Lazarus.]

"Jesus therefore again groaning in himself cometh to the grave. It was a cave, and a stone lay upon it." xi. 38. (p. 201.)

[Sidenote: Raising of Lazarus.]

"And when he had thus spoken, he cried with a loud voice, Lazarus, come forth." xi. 43. (p. 201.)

[Sidenote: Cedron. Garden.]

"When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples." xviii. 1. (pp. 170, 177.)

[Sidenote: Annas. Caiaphas.]

"And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was the high priest that same year." xviii. 13. (p. 156.)

[Sidenote: Pilate.]

"Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?" xviii. 33. (pp. 135, 137, 295.)

[Sidenote: Scourged by Pilate.]

"Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him." xix. 1. (p. 139.)

[Sidenote: Pavement. Gabbatha.]

"When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha." xix. 13. (p. 295.)

[Sidenote: Golgotha.]

"And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha." xix. 17. (pp. 107, 122.)

[Sidenote: Place of Crucifixion.]

"This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was Written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin." xix. 20. (p. 103.)

[Sidenote: Garments of Jesus.]

"Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout." xix. 23.

[Sidenote: Garden. New Sepulchre.]

"Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid." xix. 41. (pp. 32, 103, 104.)

[Sidenote: nigh at hand.]

"There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews' preparation day; for the sepulchre was nigh at hand." xix. 42. (p. 104.)

[Sidenote: Gardener.]

"Jesus saith unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest thou? She, supposing him to be the gardener, saith unto him, Sir, if thou have borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away." xx. 15.

THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES.

[Sidenote: Ascension.]

"And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight." i. 9. (p. 191.)

[Sidenote: Ye men of Galilee.]

"Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven." i 11. (p. 191.)

[Sidenote: Sabbath-day's journey.]

"Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey." i. 12. (pp. 21, 191, 284.)

[Sidenote: Aceldama.]

"And it was known unto all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch as that field is called in their proper tongue, Aceldama, that is to say, The field of blood." i. 19. (p. 206.)

[Sidenote: Pentecost.]

"And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in one place." ii. 1. (p. 217.)

[Sidenote: Sepulchre of David.]

"Men and brethren, let me freely speak unto you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried, and his sepulchre is with us unto this day." ii. 29. (p. 211.)

[Sidenote: Gate of the temple.]

"And a certain man lame from his mother's womb was carried, whom they laid daily at the gate of the temple which is called Beautiful, to ask alms of them that entered into the temple." iii. 2.

[Sidenote: S. Stephen stoned.]

"And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul." vii. 58. (pp. 168, 223.)

[Sidenote: S. James martyred.]

"And he killed James the brother of John with the sword." xii. 2. (p. 157.)

PASSAGES FROM JOSEPHUS'S ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS,

TAKEN FROM THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF

WILLIAM WHISTON, A.M.

[Sidenote: King of Salem.]

[Sidenote: King's Dale.]

"So Abram, when he had saved the captive Sodomites, who had been taken by the Assyrians, and Lot also, his kinsman, returned home in peace. Now the king of Sodom met him at a certain place, which they called the King's Dale, where Melchisedec, king of the city Salem, received him. That name signifies the righteous king; and such he was, without dispute, insomuch that, on this account, he was made the priest of God: however, they afterwards called Salem Jerusalem." Book I. chap. X. par. 2.

[Sidenote: King of Jerusalem.]

"But the king of Jerusalem took it to heart, that the Gibeonites had gone over to Joshua; so he called upon the kings of the neighbouring nations to join together, and make war against them." V. I. 17.

[Sidenote: The allies, that is, the tribes of Judah and Simeon. The lower city.]

"And when they had taken the greatest part of them [the cities], they besieged Jerusalem; and when they had taken the lower city, which was not under a considerable time, they slew all the inhabitants; but the upper city was not to be taken without great difficulty, through the strength of its walls, and the nature of the place." V. II. 2.

[Sidenote: David takes the city by assault.]

"Now the Jebusites, who were the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and were by extraction Canaanites, shut their gates, and placed the blind, and the lame, and all their maimed persons, upon the wall, in way of derision of the king; and said, that the very lame themselves would hinder his entrance into it. This they did out of contempt of his power, and as depending on the strength of their walls. David was hereby enraged, and began the siege of Jerusalem, and employed his utmost diligence and alacrity therein, as intending by the taking of this place to demonstrate his power, and to intimidate all others that might be of the like [evil] disposition towards him; so he took the lower city by force, but the citadel held out still; whence it was that the king, knowing that the proposal of dignities and rewards would encourage the soldiers to greater actions, promised that he who should first go over the ditches that were beneath the citadel, and should ascend to the citadel itself and take it, should have the command of the entire people conferred upon him. So they all were ambitious to ascend, and thought no pains too great in order to ascend thither; out of their desire of the chief command. However, Joab, the son of Zeruiah, prevented the rest; and as soon as he was got up to the citadel, cried out to the king, and claimed the chief command." VII. III. 1.

[Sidenote: City of David.]

"When David had cast the Jebusites out of the citadel, he also rebuilt Jerusalem, and named it, 'The City of David,' and abode there all the time of his reign." VII. III. 2.

[Sidenote: Hiram, king of Tyre.]

[Sidenote: The lower city united with the upper.]

"Hiram also, the king of the Tyrians, sent ambassadors to him, and made a league of mutual friendship and assistance with him. He also sent him presents, cedar-trees and mechanics, and men skilful in building and architecture, that they might build him a royal palace at Jerusalem. Now David made buildings round about the lower city: he also joined the citadel to it, and made it one body; and when he had encompassed all with walls, he appointed Joab to take care of them. It was David, therefore, who first cast the Jebusites out of Jerusalem, and called it by his own name, the City of David: for under our forefather, Abraham, it was called [Salem or] Solyma." VII. III. 2.

[Sidenote: Araunah the Jebusite is saved by David.]

"I shall now make mention of Araunah, who was a wealthy man among the Jebusites, but was not slain by David in the siege of Jerusalem, because of the good-will he bore to the Hebrews, and a particular benignity and affection which he had to the king himself, which I shall take a more seasonable opportunity to speak a little of afterwards." VII. III. 3.

[Sidenote: Tomb of Absalom.]

"Joab's armour-bearers stood round about the tree, and pulled down his dead body, and cast it into a great chasm that was out of sight, and laid a heap of stones upon him till the cavity was filled up, and had both the appearance and bigness of a grave." VII. X. 2.

[Sidenote: Absalom's Pillar. King's Dale.]

"Now Absalom had erected for himself a marble pillar in the king's dale, two furlongs distant from Jerusalem, which he named Absalom's Hand." VII. X. 3.

[Sidenote: Gibeon forty furlongs from Jerusalem.]

"And when he was come to Gibeon, which is a village forty furlongs distant from Jerusalem." VII. XI. 7.

[Sidenote: Altar in the threshing floor of Araunah.]

"And sent Gad the prophet to him, and commanded him to go up immediately to the threshing floor of Araunah, the Jebusite, and build an altar there to God, and offer sacrifices." VII. XIII. 4.

[Sidenote: Mount Moriah.]

"Now it happened that Abraham came and offered his son Isaac for a burnt-offering at that very place." VII. XIII. 4.

[Sidenote: Place of the temple.]

"Now when king David saw that God had heard his prayer, and had graciously accepted of his sacrifice, he resolved to call that entire place the altar of all the people, and to build a temple to God there." VII. XIII. 4.

[Sidenote: David buried at Jerusalem.]

"He was buried by his son Solomon, in Jerusalem, with great magnificence, and with all the other funeral pomp which kings used to be buried with; moreover, he had great and immense wealth buried with him." VII. XV. 3.

[Sidenote: Solomon fortifies Jerusalem.]

"He married the daughter of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and built the walls of Jerusalem, much larger and stronger than those that had been before, and thenceforward he managed public affairs very peaceably." VIII. II. 1.

[Sidenote: Foundations of the temple.]

"Now, therefore, the king laid the foundations of the temple very deep in the ground, and the materials were strong stones, and such as would resist the force of time." VIII. III. 2.

[Sidenote: Dimensions of the temple.]

"Now when the king had divided the temple into two parts, he made the inner house of twenty cubits [every way] to be the most secret chamber, but he appointed that of forty cubits to be the sanctuary." VIII. III. 3.

[Sidenote: Altar of burnt offerings.]

"Solomon made the altar which he built for the burnt-offerings twenty cubits long, twenty broad, and ten high." VIII. III. 7.

[Sidenote: Size of the stones.]

"Some of these [houses] Solomon built with stones of ten cubits." VIII. V. 2.

[Sidenote: Solomon increases the fortifications of Jerusalem.]

"Now when the king saw that the walls of Jerusalem stood in need of being better secured, and made stronger (for he thought the walls that encompassed Jerusalem ought to correspond to the dignity of the city), he both repaired them, and made them higher, with great towers upon them." VIII. VI. 1.

[Sidenote: Jeroboam.]

"And when Solomon saw that he was of an active and bold disposition, he made him the curator of the walls which he built round Jerusalem." VIII. VII. 7.

[Sidenote: Solomon interred at Jerusalem.]

"So Solomon died when he was already an old man, having reigned eighty years, and lived ninety-four. He was buried in Jerusalem." VIII. VII. 8.

[Sidenote: The Egyptian king Shishak at Jerusalem.]

"So when Shishak had taken the city without fighting, because Rehoboam was afraid, and received him into it, yet did not Shishak stand to the covenants he had made, but he spoiled the temple, and emptied the treasures of God, and those of the king, and carried off innumerable ten thousands of gold and silver, and left nothing at all behind him." VIII. X. 3.

[Sidenote: Destruction of Sennacherib's army.]

"Now when Sennacherib was returning from his Egyptian war to Jerusalem, he found his army, under Rabshakeh his general, in danger [by a plague, for] God had sent a pestilential distemper upon his army; and on the very first night of the siege a hundred fourscore and five thousand, with their captains and generals, were destroyed." X. I. 5.

[Sidenote: Nebuchadnezzar burns the temple.]

"And when he had carried these off, he set fire to the temple in the fifth month, the first day of the month, in the eleventh year of the reign of Zedekiah, and in the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar; he also burnt the King's palace, and overthrew the city. Now the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years, six months, and ten days after it was built." X. VIII. 5.

[Sidenote: Alexander the Great at Jerusalem.]

"Now Alexander, when he had taken Gaza, made haste to go up to Jerusalem; and Jaddua, the high-priest, when he heard that, was in an agony and under terror." XI. VIII. 4.

[Sidenote: Sapha.]

"It reached to a place called Sapha, which name, translated into Greek, signifies a prospect; for you have thence a prospect both of Jerusalem and of the temple." XI. VIII. 5.

[Sidenote: Ptolemy, son of Lagus, at Jerusalem.]

"Syria, by the means of Ptolemy, the son of Lagus, underwent the reverse of that denomination of Saviour which he then had. He also seized upon Jerusalem, and for that end made use of deceit and treachery; for he came into the city on a sabbath-day, as if he would offer sacrifices." XII. I. 1.

[Sidenote: Antiochus Epiphanes at Jerusalem.]

"King Antiochus returning out of Egypt, for fear of the Romans, made an expedition against the city Jerusalem; and when he was there, in the hundred forty and third year of the kingdom of the Seleucidæ, he took the city without fighting, those of his own party opening the gates to him. And when he had gotten possession of Jerusalem, he slew many of the opposite party; and when he had plundered it of a great deal of money, he returned to Antioch." XII. V. 3.

[Sidenote: Cruelty of Antiochus, who builds the citadel in the lower part of the city.]

"And when he had pillaged the whole city, some of the inhabitants he slew, and some he carried captive, together with their wives and children, so that the multitude of those captives that were taken alive amounted to about ten thousand. He also burnt down the finest buildings; and when he had overthrown the city-walls, he built a citadel in the lower part of the city; for the place was high, and overlooked the temple, on which account he fortified it with high walls and towers; and put into it a garrison of Macedonians." XII. V. 4.

[Sidenote: Mattathias.]

"Now this Mattathias lamented to his children the sad state of their affairs, and the ravage made in the city, and the plundering of the temple, and the calamities the multitude were under; and he told them that it was better for them to die for the laws of their country than to live so ingloriously as they then did." XII. VI. 1.

[Sidenote: Judas repairs the walls of Jerusalem.]

"Judas also rebuilt the walls round about the city, and reared towers of great height against the incursions of enemies, and set guards therein." XII. VII. 7.

[Sidenote: Simon, master of the citadel of Jerusalem, razes it with the ground.]

"He also took the citadel of Jerusalem by siege, and cast it down to the ground, that it might not be any more a place of refuge to their enemies when they took it, to do them mischief, as it had been till now. And when he had done this, he thought it their best way, and most for their advantage, to level the very mountain itself upon which the citadel happened to stand, that so the temple might be higher than it." XIII. VI. 7.

[Sidenote: Hyrcanus opens the tomb of David.]

"But Hyrcanus opened the sepulchre of David, who excelled all other kings in riches, and took out of it three thousand talents. He was also the first of the Jews that, relying on his wealth, maintained foreign troops." XIII. VIII. 4.

[Sidenote: Aristobulus causes the death of Antigonus.]

"Aristobulus yielded to these imputations, but took care both that his brother should not suspect him, and that he himself might not run the hazard of his own safety; so he ordered his guards to lie in a certain place that was underground, and dark, (he himself then lying sick in the tower which was called Antonia)." XIII. XI. 2.

[Sidenote: Antigonus killed in the tower of Strato.]

"So Antigonus, suspecting no treachery, but depending on the good-will of his brother, came to Aristobulus armed, as he used to be, with his entire armour, in order to show it to him; but when he was come to a place which was called Strato's Tower, where the passage happened to be exceeding dark, the guards slew him." XIII. XI. 2.

[Sidenote: Pompeius approaches Jerusalem.]

"At this Pompeius was very angry, and put Aristobulus into prison, and came himself to the city, which was strong on every side, excepting the north, which was not so well fortified, for there was a broad and deep ditch that encompassed the city, and included within it the temple, which was itself encompassed with a very strong stone wall." XIV. IV. 1.

[Sidenote: Pompeius pitches his camp on the north side of the temple.]

"Pompeius pitched his camp within [the wall], on the north part of the temple, where it was most practicable; but even on that side there were great towers, and a ditch had been dug, and a deep valley begirt it round about, for on the parts towards the city were precipices, and the bridge on which Pompeius had gotten in was broken down." XIV. IV. 2.

[Sidenote: Aristobulus interred in the tomb of the kings.]

"His dead body also lay, for a good while, embalmed in honey, till Antonius afterward sent it to Judea, and caused him to be buried in the royal sepulchre." XIV. VII. 4.

[Sidenote: Troops of Herod and Sosius.]

"And they all met together at the walls of Jerusalem, and encamped at the north wall of the city, being now an army of eleven legions, armed men on foot, and six thousand horsemen, with other auxiliaries out of Syria." XIV. XVI. 1.

[Sidenote: Herod's siege.]

"The first wall was taken in forty days, and the second in fifteen more, when some of the cloisters that were about the temple were burnt, which Herod gave out to have been burnt by Antigonus, in order to expose him to the hatred of the Jews. And when the outer court of the temple, and the lower city, were taken, the Jews fled into the inner court of the temple, and into the upper city." XIV. XVI. 2.

[Sidenote: Herod's theatre, amphitheatre.]

"He built a theatre at Jerusalem, as also a very great amphitheatre in the plain." XV. VIII. 1.

[Sidenote: Herod's two fortresses.]

"He had now the city fortified by the palace in which he lived and by the temple which had a strong fortress by it, called Antonia." XV. VIII. 5.

[Sidenote: Dimensions of Herod's temple.]

"So Herod took away the old foundations, and laid others, and erected the temple upon them, being in length a hundred cubits, and in height twenty additional cubits, which [twenty], upon the sinking of their foundations, fell down; and this part it was that we resolved to raise again in the days of Nero. Now the temple was built of stones that were white and strong, and each of their length was twenty-five cubits, their height was eight, and their breadth about twelve." XV. XI. 3.

[Sidenote: Tower of Baris, afterwards called Antonia.]

"Now on the north side [of the temple] was built a citadel, whose walls were square, and strong, and of extraordinary firmness. This citadel was built by the kings of the Asamonean race, who were also high-priests before Herod, and they called it the Tower." XV. XI. 4.

[Sidenote: Tower Antonia.]

"... when Herod the king of the Jews had fortified it more firmly than before, in order to secure and guard the temple, he gratified Antonius, who was his friend and the Roman ruler, and then gave it the name of the Tower of Antonia." XV. XI. 4.

[Sidenote: Four gates to the north of the temple-enclosure.]

"Now in the western quarters of the enclosure of the temple there were four gates; the first led to the king's palace, and went to a passage over the intermediate valley; two more led to the suburbs of the city; and the last led to the other city, where the road descended down into the valley by a great number of steps, and thence up again by the ascent; for the city lay over against the temple in the manner of a theatre, and was encompassed with a deep valley along the entire south quarter." XV. XI. 5.

[Sidenote: Herod's subterranean gallery from the Antonia tower to the eastern gate.]

"There was also an occult passage built for the king; it led from Antonia to the inner temple, at its eastern gate; over which he also erected for himself a tower, that he might have the opportunity of a subterraneous ascent to the temple, in order to guard against any sedition which might be made by the people against their kings." XV. XI. 7.

[Sidenote: Herod opens the tomb of David.]

"... he had a great while an intention to make the attempt; and at this time he opened that sepulchre by night and went into it, and endeavoured that it should not be at all known in the city, but took only his most faithful friends with him. As for any money, he found none, as Hyrcanus had done, but that furniture of gold, and those precious goods that were laid up there; all which he took away. However, he had a great desire to make a more diligent search, and to go farther in, even as far as the very bodies of David and Solomon; where two of his guards were slain by a flame that burst out upon those that went in, as the report was. So he was terribly affrighted, and went out, and built a propitiatory monument of that fright he had been in; and this of white stone, at the mouth of the sepulchre, and at a great expense also." XVI. VII. 1.

[Sidenote: Pilate constructs acqueducts.]

"But Pilate undertook to bring a current of water to Jerusalem, and did it with the sacred money, and derived the origin of the stream from the distance of two hundred furlongs. However, the Jews were not pleased with what had been done about this water; and many ten thousands of the people got together and made a clamour against him, and insisted that he should leave off that design." XVIII. III. 2.

[Sidenote: Jesus Christ.]

"Now, there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man, for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew over to him both many of the Jews, and many of the Gentiles. He was [the] Christ. And when Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men among us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him; for he appeared to them alive again the third day; as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him. And the tribe of Christians, so named from him, are not extinct at this day." XVIII. III. 3.

[Sidenote: King Agrippa begins to fortify Jerusalem, but is prevented from proceeding by Claudius.]

"As for the walls of Jerusalem, that were adjoining to the new city [Bezetha], he repaired them at the expense of the public, and built them wider in breadth, and higher in altitude; and he had made them too strong for all human power to demolish, unless Marcus, the then president of Syria, had by letter informed Claudius Cæsar of what he was doing. And when Claudius had some suspicion of attempts for innovation, he sent to Agrippa to leave off the building of those walls presently. So he obeyed; as not thinking it proper to contradict Claudius." XIX. VII. 2.

[Sidenote: Pyramids of Helena three furlongs from the city.]

"But Monobazus sent her bones, as well as those of Izates, his brother, to Jerusalem, and gave order that they should be buried at the pyramids which their mother had erected; they were three in number, and distant no more than three furlongs from the city of Jerusalem." XX. IV. 3.

[Sidenote: Agrippa's palace, whence could be seen all that passed in the temple.]

"About the same time king Agrippa built himself a very large dining-room in the royal palace at Jerusalem, near to the portico. Now this palace had been erected of old by the children of Asamoneus, and was situated upon an elevation, and afforded a most delightful prospect to those that had a mind to take a view of the city, which prospect was desired by the king; and there he could lie down and eat, and thence observe what was done in the temple: which thing, when the chief men of Jerusalem saw, they were very much displeased at it; for it was not agreeable to the institutions of our country or law, that what was done in the temple should be viewed by others, especially what belonged to the sacrifices. They therefore erected a wall upon the uppermost building which belonged to the inner court of the temple towards the west, which wall, when it was built, did not only intercept the prospect of the dining-room in the palace, but also of the western cloisters that belonged to the outer court of the temple also, where it was that the Romans kept guards for the temple at the festivals." XX. VIII. 11.

[Sidenote: The younger Ananus, high-priest, puts S. James to death.]

"Festus was now dead, and Albinus was but upon the road; so he assembled the Sanhedrim of judges, and brought before them the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James, and some others [or some of his companions] and when he had formed an accusation against them as breakers of the law, he delivered them to be stoned." XX. IX. 1.

[Sidenote: King Agrippa refuses to rebuild the eastern gate of the temple.]

"... so they [the people] persuaded him to rebuild the eastern cloisters. These cloisters belonged to the outer court, and were situated in a deep valley, and had walls that reached four hundred cubits [in length], and were built of square and very white stones, the length of each of which stones was twenty cubits, and their height six cubits. This was the work of king Solomon, who first of all built the entire temple." XX. IX. 7.

PASSAGES FROM JOSEPHUS'S HISTORY OF THE JEWISH WAR,

TAKEN FROM THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF

ROBERT TRAILL, D.D. M.R.I.A.

[Sidenote: Antiochus Epiphanes at Jerusalem.]

"That monarch, long intent on the enterprise, was prevailed on; and, pressing forward at the head of a formidable army, he took Jerusalem by assault, put to the sword vast numbers of those attached to the interests of Ptolemy, allowed his troops unrestricted pillage, despoiled the temple in person, and, during three years and six months, interrupted the course of the daily sacrifices." I. I. 1.

[Sidenote: Judas attacks the garrison at Jerusalem. Purifies the temple.]

"In the ardour of victory Judas attacked the garrison in the city, which had not yet been reduced, and having expelled the troops from the upper town, drove them into the lower, a quarter of the city called Acra. Being now master of the temple, he purified the place throughout, and walled it round." I. I. 4.

[Sidenote: Hyrcanus opens David's tomb.]

"Antiochus, enraged by what he had endured at the hands of Simon, led an army into Judæa, and sitting down before Jerusalem, besieged Hyrcanus; who, opening the sepulchre of David, the richest of kings, and privately taking out upwards of three thousand talents in money, both induced Antiochus, by the payment of three hundred, to raise the siege; and also, from the remaining surplus, maintained--the first of the Jews to do so--a mercenary force." I. II. 5.

[Sidenote: Aristobulus. Antigonus. Tower of Baris.]

"Gradually, and with reluctance, Aristobulus credited these insinuations. Yet careful, at once, to avoid the semblance of suspicion, and to provide against any covert attempt, he stationed his body-guards in a dark subterraneous passage--he was himself at the time confined to bed, in a tower formerly called Baris, but subsequently named Antonia--with orders to allow Antigonus, if unarmed, to pass; but to despatch him, should he approach in arms." I. III. 3.

[Sidenote: Strato's Tower.]

"But, on reaching the dark passage, known by the name of Strato's Tower, he [Antigonus] was killed by the body-guards." I. III. 4.

[Sidenote: Pompeius reconnoitres the city of Jerusalem.]

"Incensed at this, Pompeius committed Aristobulus to custody; and having advanced to the city, he considered well on what point he should direct his attack. He found the walls, from their height, of almost impregnable strength, with a frightful ravine in front of them: while within this the temple was so strongly fortified, that, even after the capture of the town, it would afford a second refuge to the enemy." I. VII. 1.

[Sidenote: The bridge broken down by Aristobulus' party.]

"The adherents of Aristobulus, being discomfited in the contest, retired into the temple, and, breaking down the bridge which connected it with the city, prepared to hold out to the last." I. VII. 2.

[Sidenote: Pompeius fills up the fosse of the town.]

"The Roman commander now filled up the fosse, and the whole of the ravine, which lay on the north quarter, the troops collecting materials. This was an undertaking of difficulty, not only on account of the prodigious depth of the ravine, but from the impediments of every kind offered by the Jews from above." I. VII. 3.

[Sidenote: Herod rebuilds the temple.]

[Sidenote: Palaces of Cæsarium and Agrippium.]

"Herod, accordingly, at an incalculable expense, and in a style of unsurpassed magnificence, in the fifteenth year of his reign, restored the Temple, and breasted up with a wall the area round it, so as to enlarge it to twice its former extent. An evidence of its sumptuousness were the ample colonnades around the holy place, and the fort on its northern side. The colonnades he reared from the foundation; the fort, in nothing inferior to a palace, he repaired at an immense cost; and called it Antonia, in honour of Antonius. He also constructed a residence for himself in the upper town, containing two very spacious, and not less beautiful buildings, with which the Temple itself bore no comparison. These he designated after his friends, the one Cæsarium, the other Agrippium." I. XXI. 1.

[Sidenote: Pilate constructs acqueducts.]

"He subsequently occasioned another tumult, by expending the sacred treasure, called Corban, in the construction of an aqueduct. He brought the water from a distance of four hundred furlongs. Indignant at this profanation, the populace, on his return to Jerusalem, collected with loud clamours about his tribunal." II. IX. 4.

[Sidenote: Cestius encamps on Mount Scopus.]

"Cestius, seeing that these intestine dissensions afforded him a favourable opportunity for attack, led out his entire force, routed the Jews, and pursued them to the gates of Jerusalem. Encamping at a place called The Scopus, distant seven furlongs from the city, he for three days suspended his operations against it." II. XIX. 4.

[Sidenote: Cestius encamps opposite the royal palace.]

"Cestius, on entering, set fire to Bezetha, so named, the Coenopolis, and the place called the Timber Market; and, proceeding to the upper town, encamped opposite the royal residence." II. XIX. 4.

[Sidenote: Number of the troops of Titus engaged in the siege of Jerusalem.]

"For Titus, having drawn together part of his troops to himself, and sent orders to the others to meet him at Jerusalem, broke up from Cæsarea. There were the three legions which, under the command of his father, had before ravaged Judæa, and the twelfth, that had formerly been defeated with Cestius, and which, remarkable at all times for its valour, on this occasion, from a recollection of what had befallen it, advanced with greater alacrity to revenge. Of these, he directed the fifth to join him by the route of Ammaus, and the tenth to go up by that of Jericho; while he himself moved forward with the remainder, attended, beside these, by the contingents from the allied sovereigns, all in increased force, and by a considerable body of Syrian auxiliaries.

"Detachments having been drafted by Vespasian from the four legions, and sent with Mucianus into Italy, their places were filled up from among the troops that had come with Titus. For two thousand men, selected from among the forces of Alexandria, and three thousand of the guards from the Euphrates, accompanied him; and with them, Tiberius Alexander." V. I. 6.

[Sidenote: Titus with 600 cavalry reconnoitres Jerusalem.]

"Leading on his forces in orderly array, according to Roman usage, Titus marched through Samaria to Gophna, which had been previously taken by his father, and was then garrisoned. Here he rested for the night, and, setting forward early in the morning, advanced a day's march, and encamped in the valley, which is called by the Jews, in their native tongue, 'The Valley of Thorns,' adjacent to a village named Gabath-Saul, which signifies 'Saul's Hill,' distant from Jerusalem about thirty furlongs. From hence, accompanied by about six hundred picked horsemen, he rode forward to reconnoitre the strength of the city, and ascertain the disposition of the Jews, whether, on seeing him, they would be terrified into a surrender previous to any actual conflict." V. II. 1.

[Sidenote: Titus attacked by the Jews by the monument of Helena.]

[Sidenote: The Women's Towers.]

"While he continued to ride along the direct route which led to the wall, no one appeared before the gates; but on his filing off from the road towards the tower Psephinus, and taking an oblique direction with his squadron, the Jews suddenly rushed out in immense numbers at a spot called 'The Women's Towers,' through the gate opposite the monuments of Helena. They broke through his ranks, and placing themselves in front of the troops who were still advancing along the road, prevented them from joining their comrades, who had filed off, and thus intercepted Titus with only a handful of men. For him to move forward was impossible; as the entire space was intersected by transverse walls and numerous fences, and separated from the ramparts by dykes made for gardening purposes." V. II. 2.

[Sidenote: Titus encamps at Scopus, seven furlongs from Jerusalem.]

[Sidenote: The tenth legion upon the Mount of Olives.]

"Cæsar, being joined during the night by the legion from Ammaus, moved the next day from thence, and advanced to Scopus, as it is called, the place from which the city first became visible, and the stately pile of the sanctuary shone forth; whence it is that this spot--a flat adjoining the northern quarter of the town--is appropriately called Scopus (the Prospect). When at the distance of seven furlongs from the city, Titus ordered a camp to be formed for two of the legions together; the fifth he stationed three furlongs in rear of them: thinking that, as they had been fatigued with their march during the night, they required to be covered, that they might throw up their entrenchments with less apprehension. Scarcely had they commenced their operations, when the tenth legion arrived. It had advanced through Jericho, where a party of soldiers had lain to guard the pass formerly taken possession of by Vespasian. These troops had received orders to encamp at the distance of six furlongs from Jerusalem, at the Mount of Olives, so called, which lies over against the city on the east, and is separated from it by a deep intervening ravine, which bears the name of Kedron." V. II. 3.

[Sidenote: Titus levels the ground between Scopus and Jerusalem.]

[Sidenote: Tomb of Herod. Serpents' Pool.]

"Titus intending to break up from Scopus, and encamp nearer to the city, stationed a body of picked men, horse and foot, in such force as he deemed sufficient to check the sallies of the enemy, and employed the main body of his army in levelling the intervening ground as far as the walls. All the fences and hedges, with which the inhabitants had enclosed their gardens and orchards, being accordingly swept away, and the fruit trees in the whole of the intermediate distance felled, the hollows and chasms of the place were filled up, and the rocky eminences removed with iron implements; and thus the whole space from Scopus to the monuments of Herod, adjacent to what is called 'The Serpents' Pool,' was reduced to a level." V. III. 2.

[Sidenote: Tomb of Helena. Sortie of the Jews.]

"Accordingly, after maintaining a long contest with their spears, and receiving many wounds from their opponents, but inflicting not fewer in return, they eventually drove back the party who had surrounded them. The Jews, however, as soon as they began to retire, pursued them as far as the monuments of Helena, annoying them with missiles." V. III. 3.

[Sidenote: Titus encamps opposite the Tower of Psephinus.]

[Sidenote: Another division opposite the Tower of Hippicus, and the tenth legion upon the Mount of Olives.]

"In four days, the interval between his post and the walls having been levelled, Titus, anxious to forward in safety the baggage and the followers of the army, ranged the flower of his troops opposite the wall on the northern quarter of the city, and extending towards the west, the phalanx being drawn up seven deep. The infantry were disposed in front, and the cavalry in rear, each in three ranks; the archers, who formed the seventh, being in the middle.

"The sallies of the Jews being checked by such an array, the beasts of burthen belonging to the three legions, with the camp followers, passed on in safety. Titus himself encamped about two furlongs from the ramparts, at the corner opposite the tower called Psephinus, where the circuit of the wall, in its advance along the north side, bends with a western aspect. The other division of the army was entrenched opposite to the tower named Hippicus, distant, in like manner, two furlongs from the city. The tenth legion continued to occupy its position on the Mount of Olives, as it is called." V. III. 5.

* * * * *

_Description of the walls of Jerusalem._

"Jerusalem, fortified by three walls--except where it was encompassed by its impassable ravines, for there it had but a single rampart--was built, the one division fronting the other, on two hills, separated by an intervening valley, at which the rows of houses terminated. Of these hills, that on which the upper town was situated is much higher and straighter in its length. Accordingly, on account of its strength, it was styled the Fortress by king David, the father of Solomon, by whom the temple was originally erected; but by us the Upper Market-place. The other, which bears the name of Acra, and supports the lower town, is of a gibbous form. Opposite to this was a third hill, naturally lower than Acra, and formerly severed from it by another broad ravine. Afterwards, however, the Asmonæans, during their reign, filled up the ravine, with the intention of uniting the city to the temple; and, levelling the summit of Acra, they reduced its elevation, so that the temple might be conspicuous above other objects in this quarter also. The Valley of the Cheese-makers, as it was designated, which divided, as we have said, the hill of the upper town from that of the lower, extended as far as Siloam, as we call it, a fountain whose waters are at once sweet and copious. On the exterior, the two hills on which the city stood were skirted by deep ravines, so precipitous on either side that the town was nowhere accessible." V. IV. 1.

"Of the three walls, the most ancient, as well from the ravines which surrounded it, as from the hill above them on which it was erected, was almost impregnable. But, besides the advantages of its situation, it was also strongly built; David and Solomon, as well as their successors on the throne, having devoted much attention to the work.

[Sidenote: First Wall.]

"Beginning on the north at the tower called Hippicus, and extending to what was termed the Xystus, it then formed a junction with the council-house, and terminated at the western colonnade of the temple. On the other side, towards the west, beginning at the same tower, it stretched through Bethso, as it was styled, to the gate of the Essenes. It then turned, and advanced with a southern aspect above the fountain of Siloam, whence it again inclined, facing the east, towards Solomon's reservoir, and extending to a certain spot, designated Ophla, it joined the eastern colonnade of the temple.

[Sidenote: Second Wall.]

[Sidenote: Third Wall.]

[Sidenote: King Agrippa commences the third Wall.]

"The second had its beginning at the gate which they called Gennath, belonging to the first wall. It reached to the Antonia, and encircled only the northern quarter of the town. The tower Hippicus formed the commencement of the third wall, which stretched from thence towards the northern quarter, as far as the tower Psephinus, and then passing opposite the monuments of Helena, Queen of Adiabene, and mother of king Izates, and extending through the royal caverns, was inflected at the corner tower near to the spot known by the appellation of the Fuller's Tomb; and, connecting itself with the old wall, terminated at the valley called Kedron. This wall Agrippa had thrown round the new-built town, which was quite unprotected; for the city, overflowing with inhabitants, gradually crept beyond the ramparts; and the people, incorporating with the city the quarter north of the temple close to the hill, made a considerable advance, insomuch that a fourth hill, which is called Bezetha, was also surrounded with habitations. It lay over against the Antonia, from which it was separated by a deep fosse, purposely excavated to cut off the communication between the foundations of the Antonia and the hill, that they might be at once less easy of access and more elevated. Thus the depth of the trench materially increased the altitude of the towers.

"The quarter most recently built was called, in our language, Bezetha, which, if translated into the Greek tongue, would be Cænopolis (New-town). Those who resided there requiring defence, the father of the present sovereign, and of the same name, Agrippa, commenced the wall we have mentioned. But, apprehending that Claudius Cæsar might suspect from the magnitude of the structure that he entertained some designs of innovation and insurrection, he desisted when he had merely laid the foundations. For, indeed, had he completed that wall upon the scale on which it was begun, the city would have been impregnable. It was constructed of stones twenty cubits long and ten broad, fitted into each other in such a manner that they could scarcely have been undermined with iron, or shaken by engines. The wall itself was ten cubits in breadth; and it would probably have attained a greater height than it did, had not the enterprising spirit of its founder met with a check; but, subsequently, though the work was carried on with ardour by the Jews, it only rose to the height of twenty cubits; while, crowning this, were battlements of two cubits, upon parapets of three cubits in altitude, so that it attained in its entire elevation twenty-five cubits." V. IV. 2.

[Sidenote: Description of the third Wall.]

[Sidenote: Ninety towers in the third Wall.]

"On this wall were erected towers, twenty cubits in breadth, and the same in height, square, and solid as the wall itself. In the joining and beauty of the stones, they were nowise inferior to the temple. Over the solid altitude of the towers, which was twenty cubits, were sumptuous apartments; and above these, again, upper rooms, and numerous cisterns therein to receive the rain-water, and to each room wide staircases. Of such towers the third wall had ninety, disposed at intervals of two hundred cubits.

[Sidenote: The middle Wall had fourteen towers, the ancient sixty.]

[Sidenote: The Psephinus tower.]

"The middle wall was divided into fourteen towers, and the ancient one into sixty. Of the city the entire circuit was thirty-three furlongs. But admirable as was the third wall throughout, still more so was the tower Psephinus, which rose up at the north-west angle, and opposite to which Titus encamped. Being seventy cubits high, it afforded at sunrise a prospect of Arabia, and of the limits of the Hebrew territories as far as the sea; it was octagonal in form.

[Sidenote: Hippicus.]

"Over against this was the tower Hippicus, and near to it two others, all erected by king Herod in the ancient wall, which in magnitude, beauty and strength, exceeded all that the world could produce." V. IV. 3.

[Sidenote: Hippicus' Tower.]

"Hippicus, so called from his friend, was quadrangular, its length and breadth being each twenty-five cubits, and to the height of thirty cubits it was solid throughout. Above this solid part, which was constructed of stones formed into one compact mass, was a reservoir to receive the rain, twenty cubits deep, over which was a house of two stories, twenty-five cubits high, and divided into various apartments. Above this were battlements of two cubits in height, mounted upon parapets of three; so that the entire altitude amounted to eighty cubits.

[Sidenote: Phasaëlus.]

"The second tower, which he named Phasaëlus, from his brother, was of equal length and breadth, forty cubits each, and the same in solid height. Over this, and embracing the whole of the structure, was a gallery, ten cubits high, defended by breast-work and battlements....

[Sidenote: Mariamne.]

"The third tower, Mariamne--for such was the queen's name--was solid to the height of twenty cubits; its breadth, also, being twenty cubits, and its length the same." V. IV. 3.

"Of this the entire elevation was fifty-five cubits." V. IV. 3.

[Sidenote: Site of the three towers.]

"But while such was the actual magnitude of these three towers, their site added much to their apparent dimensions. For the ancient wall in which they stood was itself built on a lofty hill; and higher still rose up in front, to the height of thirty cubits, a kind of crest of the hill; on this the towers rested, and thus acquired a much greater altitude....

"To these towers, which lay northward, was attached on the inner side the royal residence, which exceeded all description....

"The conflagration began at Antonia, passed onward to the palace, and consumed the roofs of the three towers." V. IV. 4.

[Sidenote: The Temple.]

"The temple, as I have said, was seated on a strong hill. Originally, the level space on its summit scarcely sufficed for the sanctuary and the altar, the ground about being abrupt and steep. But king Solomon, who built the sanctuary, having completely walled up the eastern side, a colonnade was built upon the embankment. On the other sides, the sanctuary remained exposed. In process of time, however, as the people were constantly adding to the embankment, the hill became level and broader. They also threw down the northern wall, and enclosed as much ground as the circuit of the temple at large subsequently occupied." V. V. 1.

[Sidenote: Circuit of the Temple six furlongs.]

"The colonnades were thirty cubits broad, and their entire circuit, including the Antonia, measured six furlongs." V. V. 2.

[Sidenote: Dimensions of the Temple.]

"Advancing within, the lower story of the sanctuary received you. This was sixty cubits in height, and the same in length, while its breadth was twenty cubits. These sixty cubits of length were again divided. The first part partitioned off at forty cubits." V. V. 5.

[Sidenote: Dimensions relative to the Temple.]

"The innermost recess of the temple measured twenty cubits, and was separated in like manner from the outer by a veil. In this, nothing whatever was deposited. Unapproachable, inviolable, and to be seen by none, it was called the Holy of the Holy." V. V. 5.

[Sidenote: Position of the Antonia Tower.]

"The Antonia lay at the angle formed by two colonnades, the western and the northern, of the first court of the temple. It was built upon a rock fifty cubits high, and on every side precipitous. It was a work of king Herod, in which he particularly evinced the natural greatness of his mind. For, first, the rock was covered from the base upwards with smooth stone flags, as well for ornament, as that any one who attempted to ascend or descend might slip off. Next, and in front of the edifice itself, there was a wall of three cubits; and within this the entire space occupied by the Antonia rose to an altitude of forty cubits.

[Sidenote: Citadel in the upper town. Bezetha, north of the Temple.]

"... The upper town had its own fortress--Herod's palace. The hill Bezetha was detached, as I have mentioned, from the Antonia. It was the highest of the three, and was joined on to part of the new town forming northward the only obstruction to the view of the temple." V. V. 8.

[Sidenote: Forces of the besieged in Jerusalem.]

"The whole number of fighting men and insurgents in the city was as follows. Attached to Simon were ten thousand men, irrespective of the Idumæans. Over these were fifty officers, Simon himself acting as Commander-in-chief. The Idumæans who joined his ranks, five thousand in number, had ten leaders, of whom James, the son of Sosas, and Simon, the son of Cathlas, were reputed to be the foremost. John, who had seized on the temple, had under his orders six thousand men-at-arms, commanded by twenty officers. The Zealots, also, had now laid aside their differences and gone over to him, to the number of two thousand four hundred, led by Eleazar, their former general, and Simon, son of Ari." V. VI. 1.

[Sidenote: Position occupied by Simon.]

[Sidenote: Position occupied by John.]

"Simon occupied the upper town and the great wall, as far as the Kedron, with as much of the old wall as, bending eastward from Siloam, descended to the palace of Monobazus, king of Adiabene, beyond the Euphrates. He held, likewise, the fountain and the Acra, which was the lower town, with the interval as far as the palace of Helena, the mother of Monobazus. John occupied the temple, and the parts about it to a considerable distance, with Ophla, and the valley called Kedron." V. VI. 1.

[Sidenote: Titus examines the Walls.]

[Sidenote: Monument of the high priest John.]

"While affairs in the city were in this posture, Titus, with a select detachment of horse, rode round the wall, in order to ascertain against what quarter he should direct his attack. Utterly at a loss on what side to assail them, there being no access at any point through the ravines, while on the other side, the first wall appeared too firm for the engines, he determined to make the assault opposite to the monument of John, the high priest, for at this point the outer bulwark was lower, and the second was not connected, the builders having neglected to fortify those places where the new town was thinly inhabited; but there was easy access to the third wall, through which he designed to capture the upper town, and through the Antonia, the temple." V. VI. 2.

[Sidenote: Suburbs.]

"He at once gave the legions permission to lay waste the suburbs, and ordered them to collect the timber together for the construction of mounds." V. VI. 2.

[Sidenote: Taking of the first Wall.]

"... The Romans having mounted where Nico had effected a breach, they all abandoned their posts, and retreated to the second wall; when those who had scaled the ramparts opened the gates, and admitted the entire army. The Romans having thus, on the fifteenth day, which was the seventh of the month Artemisius, become masters of the first wall, laid a great part of it in ruins, as they did the northern quarters of the city, which Cestius had formerly demolished." V. VII. 2.

[Sidenote: Titus occupies the space between the camp of the Assyrians and the Kedron.]

[Sidenote: Gate of the aqueducts.]

"Titus now transferred his camp to a place within the wall, styled the Camp of the Assyrians, occupying the entire interval as far as the Kedron, but keeping at such a distance from the second rampart as to be out of range of the missiles, and immediately commenced the attack. The Jews, dividing their forces, made a vigorous defence from the wall; John and his party fighting from the Antonia, from the north colonnade of the temple, and in front of the monuments of king Alexander; while Simon's band, intercepting the assault near John's monument, manned the intervening space as far as the gate through which the water was introduced to the tower Hippicus." V. VII. 3.

[Sidenote: Titus makes himself master of the second Wall.]

"On the fifth day after the reduction of the first wall Cæsar stormed the second at this point; and as the Jews fled from it, he entered with a thousand men, and the select band which he retained about his person, at that part of the new town where were the wool-marts, the braziers' shops, and the clothes market, and where the streets led obliquely to the ramparts." V. VIII. 1.

[Sidenote: Titus exhibits his troops.]

"The cessation he employed for his own purposes. The stated day for distributing pay among the troops having arrived, he directed the officers to draw out the force, and count out the money to each man in view of the enemy." V. IX. 1.

[Sidenote: The Jews see the review of the troops Titus.]

"And nothing could be more gratifying to the Romans, or more terrifying to the enemy than that spectacle. The whole of the ancient wall and the northern quarter of the temple were crowded with spectators, and the houses were to be seen filled with people on the look-out; nor was there a spot in the city which was not covered with multitudes." V. IX. 1.

[Sidenote: The Idumæans.]

"Those at work beside the monument, the Idumæans, and the troops of Simon, impeded by repeated sallies; while those before the Antonia were obstructed by John and his associates, in conjunction with the Zealots." V. IX. 2.

[Sidenote: Mounds and their positions. Struthios reservoir.]

[Sidenote: Amygdalon.]

"One of those at the Antonia was thrown up by the fifth legion, opposite to the middle of the reservoir, called Struthios; and the other by the twelfth legion at the distance of about twenty cubits. The tenth legion, which was considerably apart from these, was occupied on the northern quarter, and by the reservoir designated Amygdalon, and about thirty cubits from thence the fifteenth legion, at the high-priest's monument." V. XI. 4.

[Sidenote: The assailants make the wall of circumvallation.]

"Commencing at the camp of the Assyrians, where his own tent was pitched, he drew the wall to the lower Cænopolis, and thence through the Kedron to the Mount of Olives. Then bending back towards the south, he encompassed the mount as far as the rock called Peristereon, and the adjoining hill, which overhangs the ravine near Siloam. Thence inclining towards the west, he went down into the valley of the Fountain, beyond which he ascended by the monument of the high-priest Ananus, and, taking in the mount where Pompey encamped, turned to the north, proceeding as far as a hamlet, called 'The house of Erebinths:' passing which, he enclosed Herod's monument, and on the east once more united it to his own camp at the point whence it commenced.

"The wall was in length forty furlongs, wanting one. Attached to it on the outside were thirteen forts, whose united circumferences measured ten furlongs." V. XII. 2.

[Sidenote: Number of the dead.]

"Mannæus, the son of Lazarus, who at this period took refuge with Titus, declared that, from the fourteenth of the month of Xanthicus, the day on which the Romans encamped before the walls, until the new moon of Panemus, there were carried through that one gate which had been entrusted to him, a hundred and fifteen thousand eight hundred and eighty corpses." V. XIII. 7.

[Sidenote: Number of the dead.]

"After him many of the higher ranks escaped; and they brought word that full six hundred thousand of the humbler classes had been thrown out through the gates. Of the others it was impossible to ascertain the number." V. XIII. 7.

[Sidenote: Excavations in Jerusalem.]

"The Jews fled into the temple; the Romans also making their way in through the mine which John had excavated under their mounds." VI. I. 7.

[Sidenote: Titus destroys the Tower Antonia.]

"Titus now ordered his troops to raze the foundations of the Antonia, and prepare an easy ascent for his whole force." VI. II. 1.

[Sidenote: Titus enters the outer court of the Temple.]

"In the meantime, the remainder of the Roman force, having in seven days overturned the foundation of the Antonia, had prepared a wide ascent as far as the temple. The legions now approached the first wall, and commenced their mounds--one opposite the north-west angle of the inner temple, a second at the northern chamber, which was between the two gates, and of the remaining two, one at the western colonnade of the outer court of the temple, the other without, at the northern." VI. II. 7.

[Sidenote: Titus takes the Temple.]

"Titus now withdrew into the Antonia, determined on the following morning about daybreak to attack with his whole force and invest the temple. That edifice God had, indeed, long since destined to the flames; but now in revolving years had arrived the fated day, the tenth of the month Lous, the very day on which the former temple had been burned by the king of Babylon." VI. IV. 5.

[Sidenote: Bridge of Xystus.]

"Titus took his stand on the western side of the outer court of the temple; there being a gate in that quarter beyond the Xystus, and a bridge which connected the upper town with the temple, and which then intervened between the tyrants and Cæsar." VI. VI. 2.

[Sidenote: Titus gives up the city to pillage.]

"Orders were then issued to the troops to plunder and burn the city. On that day, however, nothing was done; but on the following day they set fire to the residence of the magistrates, the Acra, the council chamber, and the place called Ophla, the flames spreading as far as the palace of queen Helena, which was in the centre of the Acra. The streets also were consumed." VI. VI. 3.

[Sidenote: The Romans in the lower town.]

"On the ensuing day the Romans, having driven the brigands from the lower town, burned all, as far as Siloam." VI. VII. 2.

[Sidenote: Titus attacks the upper city.]

"The works of the four legions were raised on the western side of the city, opposite to the royal palace, while the auxiliaries and the rest of the force laboured in the region of the Xystus, the bridge, and the tower which Simon, during his contest with John, had built as a fortress for himself." VI. VIII. 1.

[Sidenote: Destruction of the city.]

"And when, at a later period, he destroyed the remainder of the city, and razed the walls, he allowed these towers to stand as a memorial of the favour of fortune, by whose cooperation he had become master of those strongholds, which could never have been reduced by force of arms." VI. IX. 1.

[Sidenote: Number of Jews killed and taken prisoners.]

"The whole number of prisoners taken during the entire course of the war was calculated at ninety-seven thousand; while those who perished in the siege, from its commencement to its close, amounted to one million one hundred thousand. Of these the greater part were of Jewish blood, though not natives of the place. Having assembled from the whole country for the feast of unleavened bread, they were suddenly hemmed in by the war; so that their confined situation caused at first a pestilential disease, and afterwards famine also, still more rapid in its effects." VI. IX. 3.

[Sidenote: Final destruction of Jerusalem.]

"Cæsar ordered the whole of the city and the sanctuary to be razed to the foundations, leaving the three loftiest towers, Phasaëlus, Hippicus, and Mariamne, and that portion of the wall which enclosed the town on the west; the latter as an encampment for those who should remain there in garrison; the towers, to indicate to future times how splendid and how strong a city had yielded to Roman valour. All the rest of the wall that encompassed the city was so completely levelled with the ground that there was no longer anything to lead those who visited the spot to believe that it had ever been inhabited. So fell Jerusalem, a victim of revolutionary frenzy: a magnificent city, and celebrated throughout the world." VII. I. 1.

* * * * *

[Sidenote: Population of Jerusalem indicated by Hecatæus of Abdera.]

"There are many strong places and villages in the country of Judæa, but one strong city there is, about fifty furlongs in circumference, which is inhabited by a hundred and twenty thousand men or thereabout." (Against Apion, I. 22.)

INDEX.

A.

Abraham, Mount Moriah the scene of his sacrifice, 46, 47.

Abraham, S., Greek Convent of, 111.

Absalom, his tomb examined, 181.

Abyssinians in Jerusalem, their number, 13.

Aceldama, description of, 206; its curious legend tested, 207.

Acra, the hill of, identified, 17, 18, 20; levelled under the Maccabees, 52.

Adam, Chapel of, 106, 113.

Adamnanus, his account of the Mosque of Omar, 58.

Adoration of the Cross, Chapel of, in the Church of the Resurrection, 122.

Ælia Capitolina, Jerusalem so named by Hadrian, 2, 3, 6, 43.

Agony, Chapel of the, 112; Grotto of, 177, Note X. 309.

Agrippa's Walls, 35, 37, 41.

Altar in Chapel of the Crucifixion, 122.

Altar of burnt-offerings, its position and dimensions, 54; its site proved to be on the Sacred Rock, 89; the cisterns beneath it examined, 97. See Araunah.

Americans, their wanton destruction of monuments, 233.

Amygdalon pool, probably Hezekiah's, 32; identified from the Bible, 252; the cisterns filled from it, 259.

Ananus, Monument of, its site, 40.

Angel, Chapel of the, in Holy Sepulchre, 116.

Angels, the Holy, Church of, 156.

Annas, the High Priest, traditionary site of his house, 156.

Ann, S., Church of, its present state, 144; its history and vicissitudes, 145; Notes II. III. 306.

Ann, S., pretended tomb of, 175.

Antiochus Epiphanes despoils the second temple, 51.

Antonia, tower of, 17, 18, 19, 55, 137; its supposed site, 32; its site in the N.W. angle of the Haram, 59, 64.

Antoninus of Piacenza, his account of Justinian's Basilica, 79; Note XXXIV. 295.

Aqueduct from Etham, its skilful construction, 249; subsequent history, 250.

Arabs, the number of, in Jerusalem, 11; their position, 273.

Araunah, threshing-floor of, 24; its history and description, 47; cisterns beneath it, 47; it survives the destruction of Solomon's temple, 50; Mosque built over it by Omar, 57; identical with the Sacred Rock, 88; and the Altar of burnt-offerings, 89; cisterns beneath it examined, 97; Notes IV. 291, and XVI. 292.

Arch of the Ecce Homo investigated, 60, 140, Note I. 306.

Arch, remarkable fragment of one, in S.W. angle of the Haram, 70.

Arculf, his account of Christ's Tomb, 116; his description of the Holy places, Note IV. 299.

Armenians, their numbers and position in Jerusalem, 12; their Convents, 16, 164; their prospects, 162; their charitable institutions, 278.

Ascension, the Mount of, its site on the Mount of Olives, 191; grand panorama from its summit, 193; its traditionary spots examined, 194; successive Churches built upon it, _ib._; the present Mosque, 196; Tomb of S. Pelagia, 197.

B.

Babylas, S., ruins of Church of, 242.

Baris Castle on Moriah, 52; restored as Antonia Tower by Herod, 55; pontifical robes kept in it, Note XI. 292.

Barrack in the Haram, 20; the rock near it the site of Antonia Tower, 59, 64.

Bathsheba, traditionary pool of, 259.

Bazaar of the Haram gate, 54.

Bazaars of Jerusalem, 78.

Benjamin, high gate of, its doubtful site, 26.

Bethany, its site incontestable, 200; proofs of this, 201; Tomb and house of Lazarus there, 202.

Bethesda, pool of, 15, 20, 59; its history and present state, 65; its connection with the temple sacrifices, 92; its masonry examined, 260.

Bethphage, site of, 199.

Bethsura, fortress of, 22.

Betrayal, the, traditionary site of, 179.

Bezetha, position of, 18.

Bible, the Holy, passages from it bearing upon the statements in this work, 315.

Bird of Solomon, 86; legend of, Note XXXVII. 296.

Bir Eyub, see Joab, well of.

Birket es-Sultan (Prince's pool), 15; account of, 96, 209.

Bishops of Jerusalem, list of, Note II. 297.

Bordeaux, Pilgrim of, his description of Jerusalem, Note XI. 287.

Breydenbach, his account of Christ's Tomb, 117.

Bridge between Moriah and Sion, 70; supposed site of that mentioned by Josephus, 71, 74.

Bridge (invisible), of Mohammed, its position and legend, 76.

Broad wall, its supposed site, 27.

Buildings, modern, in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, 5.

Buildings of Saracenic period in Jerusalem, 153.

Burial-places of Kings of Judah, Note XVI. 310.

C.

Cadytis of Herodotus, possibly Jerusalem, 2.

Caiaphas, site of his house on Sion, 220.

Calvary, Chapel of the, 105.

Calvary, position of, 103; its site questionable, 105; its present appearance, 122.

Camp of the Assyrians, its site, 40.

Caverns, the Royal, account of, 226; method of quarrying them, 227; danger in exploring them, 228.

Chamber of the Cradle of Jesus, 77.

Chosroes II. destroys the Basilica of Constantine, 108.

Christ, His Tomb described, 116.

Christian quarter of Jerusalem, 9.

Chronological summary of the history of Jerusalem, 311.

Cistern beneath the supposed site of Eudoxia's Church, 169.

Cisterns for water and grain described, 47; their necessity for the Temple services, 49; they survive the destruction of Solomon's temple, 50; examination of those beneath the Haram, 90; conclusions drawn from this, 100; their number in Jerusalem, 261.

Climate of Jerusalem, 10.

Coenaculum, traditions connected with it, 216; the buildings on its site, 217; its present state, 219; Note XVII. 310.

Coins found in the Kidron, 170.

Column, gate of the, 6. See Damascus gate.

Columns of proof, 81.

Commerce of Jerusalem, 265.

Constantine the Great destroys the Temple of Jupiter on the site of the Temple, 57; his Basilica on the true site of the Holy Sepulchre, 105; description of, by Eusebius, Note III. 297; destruction of this by Chosroes II. 108.

Constantine, S., Greek Convent of, 12, 111, 163.

Copts, their numbers in Jerusalem, 13; their Convent, 126, 165; their charitable institutions, 269.

Corner-gate, its supposed site, 21.

Cotton Merchants' gate, 74.

Court of the Gentiles in the Temple, 53.

Court of the Israelites, or Priests, 54.

Cradle of Jesus, Chamber containing it, 77.

Crassus plunders the Second Temple, 52.

Crosses on Calvary, their probable position, 106.

Cross, Invention of the, Chapel of, in the Church of the Resurrection, 121.

Cross, S., Greek Convent of, its history and traditions, 242; the Church described, 243, Note III. 306.

Crucifixion, Chapel of, in the Church of the Resurrection, 122.

Crusaders, their works at Jerusalem, 43; they consecrate the Mosque of Omar as a Christian church, 59; their various positions during the siege of Jerusalem, 241; the architectural characteristics of their walls, Note V. 286.

Cubit measure, its relative value, Note II. 282.

Cyril, S., on the Tomb of Christ, 118.

Cyrus permits the rebuilding of the Temple, 50.

D.

Damascus Gate, 6, 8, 15, 36; Cufic inscription on it, 223.

Daughters of Sion, Convent of, excavations beneath it, 60; discovery of a spring there, 63; its course traced, 258; the Convent described, 162.

David, the Castle of, 6; its present state, 159.

David, the City of, identified from Josephus, 16; its wall discovered, 23.

David, King, his purchase of the threshing floor of Araunah, 46; his hydraulic works at Jerusalem, 245; the architectural characteristics of his walls, Note V. 285; traditionary site of his judgement-seat, 86, Note XXXVI. 295.

David, Millo of, its site discussed, 23-25.

David, Sepulchres of, their site, 27.

David, street of, 9, 15.

David, street of the Castle of, 16.

David, the Tomb of, the authenticity of its site proved, 210; the sarcophagus fictitious, 214; the vault near it the probable Sepulchre of the Jewish Kings, 215.

Dead Sea, where visible from Jerusalem, 35.

Dervishes, various orders of, at Jerusalem, 165.

Dives, Palace of, fictitious site of, 142.

Divisions of Jerusalem, 8.

Dome of the Holy Sepulchre, 114.

Dome of the Rock, its position on Moriah, 45; date of its erection, 58; detailed description of, 85; the cisterns beneath it examined, 97; see Omar, Mosque of, Rock, the Sacred.

Dragon Well, its supposed site, 27.

Drainage system of Jerusalem, its divisions, Note I. 281.

Dung Gate, the, 7, 15, 27; false tradition concerning it, 70, Note XXXI. 295.

E.

East Gate, the, its supposed site, 27; the site of the present Golden Gate, 69.

Ecce Homo, the arch of, 60, 140, Note I. 306.

El-Aksa Mosque, originally Justinian's Basilica, 57; this proved by history, 59; gateway beneath it, 69; its architectural history, 78; description of it, 80; monolith in its vaults, 82; this taken from the royal caverns, 227.

England, Church of, cause of its unpopularity with the Jews, 158; its mission houses at Jerusalem, 165.

Environs of Jerusalem, account of, 5; the numerous ancient remains there, Notes III. IV. 284-5.

Ephraim, Gate of, its supposed site, 26; its exact site, 143; when so called, 144.

Erebinthi, house of, its site, 41.

Essenes, Gate of, its site unknown, 31.

Etham, the source of the water supply of Jerusalem, 14, 50, 73, 91, 95, 100; its pools described, 246; reasons for assigning them to Solomon, 249; their advantages in supplying Jerusalem, 250; ruins of the Castle there, 246.

Eudoxia, Empress, supposed site of her Church, 169; her Church dedicated to S. Stephen, 224.

Evil Counsel, Hill of, 4; its site identified, 21; its legend and account of the tombs there, 205; the ruins on its summit, 208.

Extent of Jerusalem northward examined, 39.

F.

Fish Gate, its supposed site, 26, 27.

Flagellation, the, Chapel of, 139.

Food, the supply of, at Jerusalem, 264.

Fortress of the Jebusites, its probable position, 16, 22.

Fountain Gate, its supposed site, 27.

Fountain of the Virgin, 15, 91; description of it, 184; its water system examined, 254; cause of its intermittent flow, 257.

Franciscan Convent in the Church of the Resurrection, 120, 160, Notes IV. V. 307; the Good Friday service there, Note XV. 305.

Fuller's Monument, its supposed site, 39.

Fuller's Pool, 241.

Furnaces, tower of the, supposed site, 27.

G.

Gardens, Gate of, 7; see Herod, Gate of.

Gareb, Hill of, 18.

Gate between two walls, its probable site, 26.

Gates of Jerusalem at the present time, 6; before the Captivity, 26; as rebuilt by Nehemiah, 27; as described by Josephus, 28; M. Munk's enumeration of them, Note VII. 286; Arabic inscriptions above them, Note IV. 281; regulations for closing them, Note V. _ib._

Gennath Gate, its probable site, 32.

Gethsemane, its site indubitable, 177; its present state, 178.

Gihon, Mount, 4; its site identified, 21.

Gihon, Upper Pool of, see Mamillah.

Gihon, Valley of, 4, 17; examination of it, 208.

Giles, S., supposed Church of, 153.

Golden Gate, the, 7, 27; its architecture, and present condition, 67; the view from its top, 76; Mohammedan tradition concerning it, _ib._; legends connected with it, Notes XXIX. XXX. 294, XXXIII. 295.

Golgotha, its identity questionable, 107; its present appearance, 122.

Golgotha, the Cistern of, 260.

Good Friday, Franciscan Service upon, Note XV. 305.

Greeks, their number and position in Jerusalem, 12; their chapel in the Church of the Resurrection, 120; their convents in Jerusalem, 163, Note VI. 307; their nunneries, 164; their charitable institutions, 278; the accommodation for their pilgrims, _ib._

Greek Catholics, their Convent at Jerusalem, 162.

Grotto of the Agony, account of, 177, Note X. 309.

H.

Hadrian rebuilds Jerusalem, 3, 6; its form and size unaltered, 43; builds a temple to Jupiter on the site of the Temple, 57.

Hammam-es-Shefa, 15, 91, 257.

Haram es-Sherîf, 18; its history, 57; proved to be Mount Moriah, 59; north side examined, 63; Antonia Tower in north-west angle, 64; the east side, 65; the foundation of the east wall the work of Solomon, 66; the south wall examined, 69; the west side, 70; remarkable arch in south-west angle, _ib._; its interior described, 75; its three elevations examined, 88; its water system and subterranean works investigated, 90; conclusion arrived at, 100; regulations and difficulties of admission to it, Notes I. II. 290.

Hebron, Gate of, 8; see Jaffa Gate.

Helena of Adiabene, her monument, 223.

Helena, S., Tomb of, its probable site, 37; Chapel of, 111, 121; throne of, 112; Abyssinian Church of, 125; the so-called cistern of, 126, 260; her traditionary hospital, 150; her churches on the Mount of Ascension, 194, 197; her work at the Tomb of the Virgin, 170, Note IV. 308; at Aceldama, 207; her church near the Grotto of Jeremiah, 228; Justinian's Basilica wrongly ascribed to her, Note XV. 292.

Herod Antipas, site of his palace, 141.

Herod, Gate of, 7, 39.

Herod the Great, his splendid additions to Jerusalem, 3; his monument, 41; its suggested site, 242; he builds the third Temple, 52; description of his masonry, 67; a portion of his wall described by De Saulcy, 72.

Herodian Walls, their architectural characteristics, Note V. 286.

Herods, the, Jerusalem under their sway, 28.

Hezekiah, his pool, 14; the supposed Millo of David, 24, 25, 32; traces of his wall, 25.

Hierosolyma, derivation of by Lysimachus, 2.

Hinnom, Valley of, 4, 17, 22; its course examined, 204; origin of the name, Note XV. 309.

Hippicus tower, its supposed site, 28.

Holy Fire, Greek Festival of, account of, Note XIV. 304.

Holy Sabbath, Armenian festival, account of, Note XIV. 305.

Holy Sepulchre; the question of its site examined, 102; its traditionary history traced, 103; Eusebius's account of it, 105; the monument described, 115; its interior and the tomb examined, 116; proofs of its genuineness, 117; stones said to have closed it, 220; Notes XI. XII. 303-4; Arculf's description of it, Note IV. 299.

Horse Gate, its supposed site, 26.

Hosea, supposed tomb of, 184.

House of Erebinthi, its site, 41.

House of the Prince, 126.

Houses in Jerusalem, their present state, 266.

Huldah, Gate of, 7, 70, 82.

Huldah Prophetess, her tomb on Mount Ascension, 197.

I.

Ibrahim, Mosque of, 127.

Inhabitants of Jerusalem, 268.

Inspector's Gate, 75; legend connected with it, 295.

Invention of the Cross, Chapel of, in the Church of the Resurrection, 121.

Iron Gate, 74.

Isaiah, tradition as to his death and tomb, 187.

Israel, minaret of, 75.

J.

Jacob's Dream: Mount Moriah possibly the scene of it, 46.

Jadagat el-Ahel, Grotto of the "store of food," 38; tradition concerning it, 236.

Jaffa Gate, 8, 26, 27; regulations for closing it, Note V. 281.

Jaffa, port of, its accommodation for travellers, 262.

James, S., the Great, Church of, its history and description, 157; tomb of described, 183.

James, S., the Less, Church of, 158.

Jebusites, their connection with Jerusalem, 1, 2; situation of their fortress, 16, 22; condition of Jerusalem in their time, 22; the architectural characteristics of their walls, Note V. 285.

Jehoshaphat, Gate of, 7.

Jehoshaphat, Tomb of, explored, 180.

Jehoshaphat, Valley of, explored, 167; its dreary solemnity, 179; its monuments examined, 180; conclusions regarding them, 184; belief connected with it, 168; Note V. 307.

Jehovah-jireh, the probable equivalent of Moriah, 17.

Jeremiah, Grotto of, described, 228; its tradition examined, 229.

Jerome, S., on the residence of Melchizedek, 1.

Jesus, the chamber of His cradle, 77; His tomb described, 116; the spot where He was crowned with thorns, 138; scourged, 139; shewn by Pilate, 140; the Station of His first fall in the Via Dolorosa, 141; place of the meeting with His mother, _ib._; with Simon the Cyrenian, 142; His second fall, 143; meeting with the Daughters of Jerusalem, 144; His third fall, _ib._; the tree to which He was bound, 156; the site of His betrayal, 179; spot where He wept over the city, 190; the scene of His Ascension, 191, 193; prints of His feet on Mount Ascension, 197.

Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem, 9.

Jews of Jerusalem, their social habits, 9; their numbers and sectarian divisions, 10; their objection to enter the Temple enclosure, 154; their Synagogues, 155; cause of their dislike to the Church of England, 158; their cemetery in the Valley of Jehoshaphat, 180; their hospice in the Valley of Gihon, 208; their degraded condition in Jerusalem, 271; their charitable institutions there, 277.

Jews' Wailing place, 72, 154.

Joab, the well of, visited, 188; detailed account of, 253; curious legend concerning it, 254.

Joachim, S., pretended tomb of, 175.

John, S., of Jerusalem, Hospital of, its history, 129; state of its remains, 131; its original position, 133; Notes XVI. XVIII. 306.

Joseph of Arimathea, his tomb, 119.

Joseph, S., his pretended tomb, 175.

Joseph, S., sisters of, their convent, 162.

Josephus, his account of the city of David verified, 16; identification of his "New City," 18; of the Tyropoeon, 19; of Ophel and Mount Olivet, 21; Mount Shafat, 22; his account of the city of the Herods our sole authority, 28; his exaggeration of the population of Jerusalem, 41; the passages from his Antiquities of the Jews illustrating this work, 323; ditto from the Jewish War, 327.

Jotham, his wall on Ophel, 25.

Judah, kings of, their burial places, Note XVI. 310.

Judgement Gate, legend of, 143.

Judges, the tombs of, described, 239.

Julian the Apostate attempts to rebuild the Temple, 57; the so-called miracle which prevented this, Note XIV. 292.

Jupiter, Temple to, on the site of the Temple built and destroyed, 57.

Justinian, his Basilica near the site of the Temple, 57; converted into a mosque, _ib._; into a dwelling-house, 59; its ruins, 70; its history and description, 78; Antoninus of Piacenza's account of it, Note XXXIV. 295.

K.

Kerm es-Sheikh (ancient Arab house), curious tradition concerning it, 230.

Kidron torrent, its present state, 169; coins found in its bed, 170; the pool forming its source, 283.

Kidron, pool of, 14; account of it, 256.

Kidron Valley, 4, 5, 18; exploration of it, 167; the site of the King's dale, 182, Note II. 308.

King's garden, the, identified, 27.

Kings, Jewish, their Tombs on Mount Sion, 215; their burial places as mentioned in the Bible, Note XVI. 310.

Kings, Latin, their tombs, 113; Inscriptions on them, Note XI. 303.

Knights Hospitaler, account of, 129.

Knights Templar, their stables in the vaults of the Haram, 78.

Kubbet es-Sakharah, see Dome of the Rock; Omar, Mosque of.

L.

Land proprietors at Jerusalem, 268.

Latin Kings, their tombs, 113; Inscriptions on them, Note XI. 303.

Latin Patriarchate, the, 152.

Latins, their chapel in the Church of the Resurrection, 120; their charitable institutions at Jerusalem, 278.

Lazarus (the beggar), fictitious site of his house, 142.

Lazarus, his tomb in Bethany, 202; ruins of his convent and house there, 203.

Lepers, their houses and miserable appearance, 221.

"Lower City" of the Jebusites, its position, 22.

"Lower pool" of Isaiah, see Birket es-Sultan, Prince's Pool.

Lysimachus, his derivation of Hierosolyma, 2.

M.

Maccabees, the, recover the second Temple, 52.

Magdalene, Church of the, its history and remains, 148.

Mamillah, pool of, 5, 14; identified as the "Upper pool," 241; description of it, 251; identified from the Bible, 252.

Manasseh, traces of his wall, 26.

Mariamne Tower, its supposed site, 28.

Mariti (Abbé), on the position of the three Crosses, 106; on the arch of the Ecce Homo, 140.

Mark, S., traditional site of his house, 158.

Mary, S., of Egypt, Oratory of, 112.

Mary, S., the Virgin, tradition, &c. of her birth-place, 145, 6, 7; Chapel of her Nativity, 150; her tomb, 148; erected by S. Helena, 170; enquiries as to the Church built over it, 171; its present state, 175; site of her house on Sion, 219; Notes III. to XII. 308-9.

Mary, S., the Great, ruins of Church of, 125; its history, 128; present state of its remains, 130.

Mary, S., the Less, Church of, its history, 129; its present state, 130.

Mary, S., Gate of, 78.

Mary, Lady, Pool of the bath of, 7, 14, 167.

Masonry of east wall of Haram, 66; Solomon's and Herod's compared, 67; Note V. 286.

Meah, tower of, its site, 27.

Measures, Hebrew, their relative value, Note II. 282.

Mekhemeh, or Mohammedan Court of Justice, 73.

Melchizedek, his residence according to S. Jerome, 1.

Milisendis, Queen, her Convent of S. Lazarus at Bethany, 203.

Millo of David, its probable site, 24.

Millo of Solomon, 25.

Mislin, M., his account of the so-called tomb of David, 212.

Mogarabins, the, gate and wall of, 72; Mosque of, 85.

Mohammedan quarter of Jerusalem, 9.

Mohammedans, they capture Jerusalem, 57; their number and position there, 11; their charitable institutions, 277.

Mohammed's invisible bridge, its position and legend, 76.

Moloch, account of the worship of, Note XV. 309.

Monks dwelling in the Church of the Resurrection, remarks on, 122; disputes among them, 124.

Monolith in the vaults of El-Aksa, 82; this taken from the royal caverns, 227.

Montefiore, Sir M., his Hospice for Jews, 208.

Moriah, Mount, identified, 17, 18; added to the city by Solomon, 24; its site unquestionable, 41; the author's opportunities of exploring it, 46; its history, _ib._; its appearance changed by the Temple, 49; fortified by Simon Maccabeus, 52; proved to be the present Haram es-Sherîf, 59.

Mosaic work in the Dome of the Rock, 87; Note XXXVIII. 296.

Moses, chapel of, 99.

Mountains round Jerusalem, 4, 21; within the city, 16.

Munk, on the Babylonish Captivity, Note VII. 291.

N.

Name of Jerusalem, its origin and meaning, 1.

Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem, 2, and Solomon's Temple, 50.

Neby Samwîl village, position of, 4; Note II. 281.

Nehemiah completes the rebuilding of Jerusalem, 3; aspect of the city in his time, 27; characteristics of his masonry, Note V. 285; tradition attached to his well, 188.

"New City" of Josephus identified, 18.

Nicanor's Gate in the Temple, 54; tradition regarding its doors, Note X. 292.

Nicodemus, his tomb, 119.

Nicoforus, Archimandrite, his agricultural improvements in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, 5, 208, 244.

Northern extent of Jerusalem examined, 39.

North Gate of Josephus, its site, 36.

O.

Offence, Mount of, its position indisputable, 21; its present state, 189; forms the third summit of Mount Olivet, 191.

Old Gate, its supposed site, 27.

Olivet, Mount, 4; Panoramic view from its summit, 8, 16; its position indisputable, 21; its points of interest examined, 190; its three summits, 191; histories attached to these, 192.

Olive-tree, traditionary, to which our Saviour was bound, 156; those remaining in the garden of Gethsemane, 178; Note XIII. 309.

Omar, Mosque of, built over the threshing-floor of Araunah, 57; this proved by history, 58, 59; Notes XVI-XXIV. XXVI. 292-4; see Dome of the Rock.

Omar, Mosque of, the octagonal monument so called, 81, 130; Note VI. 286.

Omar, remains of his boys' school and hospital, 153.

Onuphrius, chapel of, on the Hill of Evil Counsel, 206.

Ophel, the hill of 18; its site identified, 21; works of defence on, 25, 26.

Oratory near the Haram barrack, 75.

P.

Palace of the Council, its supposed site, 30; of Dives, its fictitious site, 142; of Herod Antipas, its site, 141.

Panorama of Jerusalem from Mount Olivet, 8.

Passages from the Holy Bible bearing on the statements in this work, 315.

Patriarch's Pool, 241.

Pelagia, S., her tomb on Mount Ascension, 197.

Peristerion, the supposed site of, 40.

Peter, S., Church of, 150.

Peter's, S. prison, traditional site of, 158

Peter, S. at the Cock-crow, ruins of Church of, 221.

Phasaëlus Tower, its supposed site, 28.

Pilate, conduit of, 14.

Pilgrims, the numbers of, visiting Jerusalem, 10; their unseemly conduct at the Holy Sepulchre, 123; the different communities of, at Jerusalem, 274.

Pilgrim's Pool, 7, 14; account of it, and its traditions, 229.

Pisans, castle of the, 159; Adrichomius' account of, Note VIII. 286.

Place of the Ashes, 50; its probable position, 89, 91, 100.

Pompeius the Great captures the second Temple, 52.

Pools of Jerusalem, 14, 27.

"Pool that was made," the, (Birket es-Sultan), 27, 96.

Population of Jerusalem, 10; compared with its size, 14; at the time of Alexander the Great, 41; exaggerated by Josephus, _ib._

Postal system at Jerusalem, 264.

Potter's field, the site of, 206.

Prætorium, the, situated in the Antonia Tower, 55, 64; its position identified, 137.

Prince's Pool, (Birket es-Sultan), 15, 96, 209.

Procopius, his account of the Basilica of Justinian, 78, 83.

Prophets, the tombs of, 198; their authenticity considered, 199.

Proselytism at Jerusalem, its failure, 273, 4.

Protestants, their number in Jerusalem, 13.

Protestant Missions at Jerusalem, their ill success, 172; their charitable institutions, 278.

Provisions, supply of, at Jerusalem, 264.

Prussian Mission-house at Jerusalem, 165.

Psephinus tower, its supposed site, 35.

Q.

Quarries used for the Temple and walls, 38; see Royal Caverns.

Quarries of red breccia, 243.

R.

Ramah identified with Neby Samwîl, Note II. 281.

Ramleh, its accommodation for travellers, 262.

Religious communities in Jerusalem, 10, 13.

Resurrection, Church of the, its history, 108; its present dangerous condition, 110; its exterior described, _ib._; its interior, 113; the great Dome, 114; state of the Monks living there, 122; Pilgrims visiting it, 123; account of its neighbourhood, 125; Notes III.-XIII. 299-304; see Holy Sepulchre.

Retreat of the Apostles, see James, S. tomb of.

Road of the Capture, 182.

Robinson, Dr, his opinion of the Tyropoeon disputed, 19.

Rock near the Haram barrack, site of the Tower Antonia, 59, 64.

Rock, the Sacred, description of, 87; proved to be the site of the threshing-floor of Araunah, 88; and the Altar of burnt-offerings, 89; legends and traditions connected with it, Notes III. IV. XXXIX. XL. 291, 296.

Rogel, its supposed site, 188; Fountain of, see Joab, Fountain of.

Roman Catholics, their number and position in Jerusalem, 12.

Roman inscription on El-Aksa gateway, 69.

Roman Walls, the characteristics of their masonry, Note V. 286.

Rossellane the Sultana, her munificence, 59; description of her hospital, 151; view from its roof, 152.

Royal Caverns of Josephus, their supposed site, 38; description of them, 226.

Russia, her position in Jerusalem, 13.

Russians, their conventual buildings in Jerusalem, 13, 240; their charitable institutions, 279.

S.

Sæwulf, his account of the Holy Places, Note V. 300.

Saladin's school, fragment of, 74; his hospice, 127; his generosity to the Christians, Note XXV. 294.

Salem and Jerusalem distinct places, 1.

Sanhedrim, hall of, in the Temple, 54.

Sanitary condition of Jerusalem, 9, 15, 261.

Saracenic buildings in Jerusalem, 153; the characteristics of their masonry, Note V. 286.

Saviour, S. Church of, on Mount Sion, 220; Convent of, 160.

Scala Sancta, the, in Via Dolorosa, 138.

Scopus, Mount, 4; Note from Josephus upon, Note III. 281; see Shafat.

Sea of Bronze, its dimensions, 49; Note VI. 291.

Sects, Christian, at Jerusalem, their animosity to each other, 269; their property, &c. 270.

Sennacherib, spot of his encampment, 241.

Sepulchre, the Holy; see Holy Sepulchre.

Sepulchre, vertical, near the Tombs of the Kings, 236.

Sepulchres, Mount of the, 4, 205.

Serai, the, Minaret of, 75.

Serpents' pool, 241.

Sewer discovered near the Convent of the daughters of Sion, 62.

Sewers of Jerusalem, 15, 19.

Shafat, mountain of, 4; its site identified, 22.

Shaveh, the valley of, 1.

Sheep-gate, its supposed site, 27.

Shefa, Bath of, 15, 16, 91.

Sheikh Jerrah, Arab building, 236.

Siloam, fountain of, its undoubted site, 31.

Siloam, gardens of, 4, 5.

Siloam, pool of, 8, 15; its site identified, 8, 16; reverence attached to it, 185; its history, 186; its present appearance, 187.

Siloam, village of, described, 189; ancient Egyptian monument there, 190.

Simon the Cyrenian, spot of his meeting with Jesus in Via Dolorosa, 142.

Simon the Just, Tomb of, 237.

Simon the Pharisee, traditionary site of his house, 148, 9.

Sion gate, 7, 8.

Sion, Mount, 6, 16, 17; excavations there, 23; examination of it, 209; the tomb of David, 210; Tombs of the Jewish Kings, 215; the Coenaculum, 216; the house of the Virgin, 219; of Caiaphas, 220; remains of antiquity found there, Note III. 284.

Slaughter, valley of, 22.

Society in Jerusalem, its present state, 268.

Soil of the environs of Jerusalem, 5.

Solomon, the Conduit of, 14; his additions to the city of David, 24; situation of his "Millo" and house, 25; excavations in his pool, 31; its present state, 187; masonry of his wall described, 66; Note V. 285, XXVIII. 294; traditional site of his throne, 76; his hydraulic works at Jerusalem, 245, 6.

Solomon's Temple; see Temple.

Solyman the Magnificent restores the walls of Jerusalem, 6; leaving their form unchanged, 44.

Sources of water supply of Jerusalem, 14.

Spring discovered near the Daughters of Sion Convent, 63; great sensation caused by this, Note XXVII. 294.

Springs in Jerusalem, 257.

Stables of the Templars in the vaults of the Haram, 78.

Stairs from the city of David, site of, 27.

State of Jerusalem and its environs, 267.

Station of the first fall in Via Dolorosa, 141; of the second, 143; of the third, 144.

Stephen, S. gate of, 7.

Stephen, S. pretended site of his martyrdom, 168; the genuine site on the north of the city, 223; the Empress Eudoxia's Church there, 224.

Stone, the, of Unction, 114, 122.

Stones of largest size in Solomon's walls, Note XXVIII. 294.

Strato's Tower on Moriah, 52; its site discovered, 62.

Streets of Jerusalem, 8, 10; their present state, 266; the principal ones enumerated, Note VI. 282.

Struthium pool, its supposed site, 64, 65.

Syrian Convent, the, 164.

Summary of the history of Jerusalem, 2.

---- chronological, of ditto, 311.

T.

Tacitus, his description of Jerusalem, Note X. 287.

Temple of Solomon, its site, 17; stone quarries used for it, 38; account of its building, 48; its exact description impossible, _ib._; its ground plan, 49; water supply necessary for its services, _ib._; its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar, 50; its position fixed by the Sacred Rock, 88; Rabbinical plan of, 90; the principal modern accounts of it, Note V. 291.

Temple, the Second, as rebuilt by Zerubbabel, 51; its history, _ib._; taken by Antiochus Epiphanes, _ib._; recovered by the Maccabees, 52; its subsequent history, _ib._; its height according to Josephus, 51; Note VIII. 291.

Temple, the third, as built by Herod the Great, 52; its ground plan, _ib._; dimensions, 54; the scene of our Saviour's ministry, 55; its destruction by Titus, 56; subsequent history of its site, 57; various writers upon it, Note IX. 292.

Temple, dates of its burnings, Note XII. 292.

Terrace roofs in the East, Note XLII. 297.

Threshing-floors, ancient, description of, 47.

Throne of Solomon, its traditional site, 76.

Titus destroys Jerusalem and Herod's Temple, 3, 56; the city at his time, 28; his wall of circumvallation, 40; the site of his head-quarters, 241.

Tomb of the Lord's Body; see Holy Sepulchre.

Tombs in the environs of Jerusalem, 5.

Tombs in the Valley of Jehoshaphat examined, 180; conclusions regarding them, 184.

Tombs, Mount of the, 4, 205.

Tombs of the Judges, account of, 239.

Tombs of the Jewish Kings on Sion, 215.

Tombs of the Kings examined; the vestibule, 232; the sepulchral chambers, 233; controversies as to their origin and use, 235.

Tombs of the Latin Kings of Jerusalem, 113; the inscriptions on them, Note XI. 303.

Tombs of the Prophets, 198; their authenticity considered, 199.

Tophet in the Valley of Hinnom, 204; probably the Hill of Evil Counsel, 21; origin of the name, Note XV. 309.

Tradesmen of Jerusalem, their extortion, 264.

Traditions of the East, their unvarying character, Note IX. 286.

Travellers at Jerusalem, advice to, 263, 266.

Tree, traditionary, to which our Saviour was bound, 156.

Turks in Jerusalem, their numbers, 11; their extortion, 273.

Tyre, William of, his account of the Mosque of Omar, 58; Note XVII. 292; of the Church of the Resurrection, Note VI. 301.

Tyropoeon, the, identified with the central valley, 19.

U.

"Upper Pool;" see Mamillah.

Uzza, garden of, its supposed site, 184.

V.

Valley Gate, its supposed site, 26, 27, 69.

Valleys round Jerusalem, 4; within the city, 16, 19, 20, 62.

Vault, immense one discovered beneath the Convent of the Daughters of Sion, 61; the supposed site of Strato's Tower, 62; its purpose and architectural history, 77; converted into stables for the Templars, 78.

Vaults under the site of Antonia Tower, 64; under El-Aksa, 81; the mosque Abu Bekr, 84; the tomb of David, the sepulchre of the Jewish Kings, 215.

Veronica, S. house of, in the Via Dolorosa, 143.

Via Dolorosa, 8, 9; account of its fourteen stations, 135; summary of the evidence of its identity, 144.

Virgin, Fountain of the, see Fountain.

Virgin, Tomb of, see Mary S.

Virgin's swoon, the, chapel of, in Via Dolorosa, 141.

Viri Galilæi, the north summit of Mount Olivet, 192.

W.

Walls of Jerusalem, now surrounding it, 6; remains of that built by the Jebusites, 22; by David, 23; by Solomon, 24; by Jotham and Hezekiah, 25; by Manasseh, 26; under Nehemiah, 27; the Herods and Titus, 28; the Agrippas, 35, 37; the course of the first wall explored, 28; of the second, 31; of the third, 34; the wall of Titus, 40; of Solyman the Magnificent, 44; their different architectural characteristics, Note V. 285; the largest stones remaining in that of Solomon, Note XXVIII. 294.

Wandering Jew, the imaginary house of, in the Via Dolorosa, 143.

Water Gate, its supposed site, 27.

Water supply of Jerusalem, 14; a good supply required for the Temple services, 49.

Waters of the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, 245; inside the city, 257.

Wezn, or invisible balance, Mohammedan legend of, Note XLI. 296.

Willibrand of Oldenburg, his account of Christ's Tomb, 117.

Window of Judgment, its position and legend, 76.

X.

Xystus, the, its supposed site, 30.

Z.

Zacharias, Tomb of, 183.

Zerubbabel rebuilds the Temple, 51.

Cambridge: PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Obvious typesetting errors have been corrected. Questionable or archaic spelling has been left as printed in the original publication. Variations in spelling have been left as printed, unless otherwise noted in the following.

Corrections to printing errors supplied in the "CORRIGENDA ET ADDENDA", immediately following the Table of Contents, have been applied in this transcription.

Inconsistencies in abbreviations frequently used have been regularized. The formation of references to works frequently cited have been regularized. E.g., for all instances like "Jewish War, V. 4, § 1." commas have been inserted, if missing, after War and before the "§" symbol.

All instances of "Sherif" have been normalized to "Sherîf".

Alternate spellings of Phasælus/Phasaelus/Phasaëlus Tower have been regularized to Phasaëlus.

Alternate spellings of Neby Samwil/Samwîl have been regularized to Samwîl.

Alternate spellings of Arimathæa/Arimathea have been regularized to Arimathea.

Varying formats of the abbreviation "A.D." have been regularized in this transcription to appear in upper case letters.

Page 26: Transcribed "fellahin" as "fellahîn". As originally printed: "The answers given to me by the _fellahin_...."

Page 38: Transcribed "them" as "they". As originally printed: "with the old level of the north gate, and found them correspond".

Page 48: Supplied the word "in" (shown in brackets here) to the following phrase: "those found [in] 1 Kings vi. 7 and 2 Chron. iii. and iv. are very incomplete, and often hard to reconcile".

Page 49: Supplied the word "in" (shown in brackets here) to the following phrase: "The inner is mentioned [in] 1 Kings vi. 36".

Page 58: Supplied a quotation mark missing in the original publication, as follows, immediately preceding "but": 'He says (speaking of the mosque) "but on that celebrated spot...'.

Page 58: Supplied a quotation mark missing in the original publication at the close of the following: "May God render illustrious the great king, son of Meruan, who enlarged this majestic temple, and grant him mercy."

Page 128: Transcribed "Harun er-Rashid" as "Harûn er-Rashîd". As originally printed: "The amicable relations between Harun er-Rashid...."

Page 138: Two footnote markers on this page in the original publication, both numbered 1, reference one footnote. The markers have been numbered 470 and 471 and footnote 471 has been added as "Ibid."

Page 140 (footnote 477): Corrected "Jérus" to "Jésus."

Page 210: Footnote 4 on this page references non-existant Note "XXII." Number was corrected to "Note XIV."

Page 212: Supplied the word "it" (shown in brackets here) to the following phrase: "some however less anxiously cautious, say that [it] is on the site...".

Page 229: Footnote 7 on this page was marked in the text, but the note at the bottom of the page, referring internally to "Page 14", had no note number associated with it. The footnote has been numbered and appears in this transcription as footnote 826.

Page 270 (footnote 898): Transcribed "pamplet" as "pamphlet". As originally printed: "the following account published in a pamplet...."

In the table showing Spanish Reals sent to the Holy Land, the individual contributions by country in this transcription match the figures in the original publication; however, the total Reals stated in the original publication (239,737,060) does not match the sum of the countries' contributions (239,927,060).

Page 275: In the table showing pilgrims visits to Jerusalem and lengths of stays, the annual totals in this transcription match the figures in the original publication; however, the total of days stated in the original publication (229,346) does not match the sum of the annual totals (229,266).

Pages 283-4: Endnotes marked in the original publication with numerical references (1 to 7) have been transcribed as notes A to G and appear as endnotes to Note II of Chapter II.

Page 295: A reference to the Itinerary of Antoninus of Piacenza printed as "Anton. Placent. Itin. Sect. 23" in the original publication has been left as printed, a likely typesetting error in which an L was substituted for the I in Piacen(t)za.

Pages 304: Endnotes to Note XIV of Chapter IV., marked in the original publication as (a) and (b), have been transcribed as footnotes that appear at the end of the notes for Chapter IV.

Page 311: Transcribed "Adonizedec" (king of Jerusalem) as "Adonizedek". As originally printed: "1451 Adonizedec king of Jerusalem".

Page 314: Alternate spellings of Al-Mostander-Billah/Al-Mostanser-Billah have been regularized to Al-Mostanser-Billah.

Page 331: Possibly incomplete phrase in sidenote has been left as printed in the original publication: "The Jews see the review of the troops Titus."