volume vi, note 4.--ED.

[92] Lafora, cited in Humboldt's New Spain.--JAMES.

[93] The banks of the river Montmorenci, from the natural steps downward to the St. Lawrence, are composed of a lime slate placed in horizontal strata from the depth of five to twenty-four inches, each connected by fibrous gypsum of a whitish colour. Heriot's Travels, p. 88. The island of Cape Breton abounds in sandstone, coal, and plaster. _Ibid._ 431.--JAMES.

[94] Schoolcraft.--JAMES.

[95] See his speech at the opening of the session of 1822.--JAMES.

[96] Observations on the Geology of the United States, p. 57.--JAMES.

[97] The following are descriptions of the rocks that alternate with each other as they occur, in connection with the coal-beds at Pittsburgh; commencing with the uppermost and proceeding in a regular gradation to the lowest, that we have had an opportunity of examining.

No. 1. A loose-grained argillaceous sandstone, composed of minute grains of quartz and decomposed felspar, united by an argillaceous cement. Its colour is yellowish gray; fracture uneven; stratifications imperfect. It contains no organic remains; depth of the bed near four feet.

No. 2. Bituminous shale; natural colour brownish black, that of the streak dark gray. Before the blow-pipe it decrepitates, burns with a bright flame, emits a bituminous odour, and soon becomes nearly white. Its structure is slaty; no animal or vegetable is contained in it, small veins of clay are dispersed irregularly between the layers. Depth of the strata ten feet.

No. 3. A bed of bituminous coal; its colour is brownish black, cross fracture uneven, longitudinal slaty; fragments tabular, right angled; lustre resinous; is semihard, sectile and very brittle. Vertical and horizontal beds of indurated clay, containing a small quantity of bitumen, occur in the coal. Depth of the bed from two to eight feet.

No. 4. Bituminous shale possesses the same character as No. 2. Varies in depth.

No. 5. Indurated clay; its colour is lead-gray; fracture, in situations where it has been subjected to the combined actions of moisture and the atmosphere, irregularly slatose; in others uneven. Depth of this bed seven feet.

No. 6. Argillaceous chlorite slate, passing by regular gradations into argillaceous chlorite sandstone. Natural colour, yellowish green, that of the streak light gray; cross fracture uneven. Its powder is soft and slightly greasy to the touch; it contains no organic remains. The depth of this bed varies.

No. 7. Compact limestone, intimately mixed with alumine; it contains small veins of calcareous spar dispersed throughout the mass. Veins of angular fragments of carbonate of lime, united by a calcareous and argillaceous cement, extend irregularly through the rock. The fracture, in some specimens, is compact and earthy, in others uneven.

No. 8. Argillaceous chlorite sandstone, consisting of minute grains of quartz, chlorite slate, and talc, united by an argillaceous cement; its colour is yellowish green; fracture uneven; the powder is soft, and feels greasy to the touch; it is destitute of organic remains.

No. 9. A loose-grained argillaceous sandstone, thickly interspersed with thin laminæ of talc; its colour is light gray; fracture uneven; texture loose; it is liable to disintegration.

No. 10. Argillaceous sandstone, irregularly slatose; its colour is gray, with a tinge of yellow. Nodules of clay ironstone occur in considerable quantities through the mass of rock.

No. 11. Fine-grained argillaceous sandstone, composed of quartz and magnesia united by an argillaceous cement. Its colour is yellowish gray, which by the action of the blow-pipe passes into reddish brown. This rock contains great numbers of the impressions of the phytolites.

No. 12. Indurated clay; its colour is bluish gray, structure slatose; fracture approaching uneven; hardness inconsiderable. Impressions of small leaves occur in this, but are not numerous; they apparently consist of one species alone.

No. 13. Compact argillaceous sandstone; composed of quartz, felspar, and their laminæ of talc, united by an argillaceous cement; its colour is brownish gray. Nodules of clay ironstone occur in considerable abundance in this rock; they are formed by concentric layers, around a nucleus, which is the same in composition as the mass of their bed. Their size varies from that of a nut to an apple.

From _Mr. Jessup's_ MS. Report.--JAMES.

[PART II][98]

_Containing the Calculations of Observations made by Major Long and Lieutenant Swift, on a tour from the Council Bluffs on the Missouri river, westward along the river Platte to its head waters in the Rocky Mountains,--thence southwardly to the head waters of the Arkansa and Canadian rivers,--and down said rivers to Belle Point, performed in 1820, under the command of Major S. H. Long, of the United States' Topographical Engineers._

* * * * *

_Note._--The instruments used in making the following astronomical observations, were a portable sextant of 5 inches radius, graduated by the assistance of the vernier to 30˝, made by Cary, London, accompanied by a mercurial artificial horizon with a glass frame, and an excellent patent-lever watch, by Robert Roskell.

* * * * *

_Camp on the river Platte, at the fording place of the Pawnee Indians, twenty-seven miles below the confluence of the North and South, or Padouca Forks._

June 20, 1820.|Meridian altitude of sun's lower } | 72° 23´ | limb } | |Extent of horizon, (a level sheet of }| 700 yards. | water) }| |Height of observer's eye above } | 3½ feet. | horizon } | +--------------------------------------+----------- |Index error--4´ 15˝. Latitude } | 40° 59´ 15˝ N. | deduced } | +--------------------------------------+-----------

_Equal altitudes of Sun to find error of Watch._

|Time from Noon,|Time from Noon,| Error of Watch. | A.M. | P.M. | |---------------+---------------+---------------- June 20, 1820.| 2ʰ 32´ 26˝ | 2ʰ 32´ 34˝ } | 1´ 15˝ fast. | 2 29 36 | 2 29 46 } | Mean time. --------------+---------------+---------------+----------------

_Camp on the Platte, thirty-two miles below the point where it issues from the Rocky Mountains._

-------------+--------------------------------------+----------------- July 4, 1820.| Meridian double altitude of star } | 48° 10´ 00˝ | Antares, (ᵅ. Scorpii) } | | Index error--3´ 45˝. Latitude } | 39° 57´ 40˝ N. | deduced } | -------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------

{xxxvii} _Observations made on the River Platte, seven minutes of latitude south of the Camp of July 4th._

_Equal altitudes of Sun to find error of watch, at noon._

| Time from | Time from | Error | Noon, A.M. | Noon, P.M. | of Watch. -------------+------------------+------------------+------------- July 5, 1820.| 2ʰ 30´ 19˝ | 2ʰ 21´ 17˝ }| 8´ 41˝ slow. | 2 28 57 | 2 19 55 }| Mean time. | 2 27 30 | 2 18 22 }| +------------------+------------------+-------------

_A mean of eight lunar distances from sun and times correspondent, to find the longitude. Latitude by account 39° 50´ 40˝ N. Assumed longitude 7ʰ 01´ W._

| Time per Watch, | Distance of | | A.M. | nearest limbs. | Index error. -------------+------------------+------------------+-------------- July 5, 1820.| 7ʰ 33´ 07˝ | 56° 09´ 26˝ | --4´ +------------------+------------------+--------------

Daily variation of watch 1´ 41˝ losing.

Longitude deduced, 7ʰ 01´ 23˝, or 105° 20´ 45˝ W. of Greenwich.

--------------+------------------------------------+----------------- _Camp at the base of the Rocky Mountains._

July 8, 1820. |Meridian double altitude of Antares | 49° 17´ 30˝ | +----------------- |Index error --3´ 45˝. Latitude }| 39 23 52 N. | deduced }| +------------------------------------+----------------- July 9, 1820. |Meridian double altitude of Antares | 49 18 15 | +----------------- |Index error -3´ 45˝. Latitude }| 39 23 29 N. | deduced }| +------------------------------------+----------------- |Mean latitude of the camp | 39 23 40 N. --------------+------------------------------------+-----------------

At our camp on Boiling-spring Creek, at the distance of about 25 miles from James's Peak, (the same designated by Pike as the highest peak,) trigonometrical observations were made for determining the height of the peak above the level of the adjacent country. A base of 1048½ feet was accurately measured, and angles taken at its extremities, to ascertain another side of the triangle, to serve as a base to determine the height of the mountain. The angles at the extremities of the primary base, corrected for the index error of sextant, were 104° 32´ 15˝ and 65° 28´ 45˝--and the extent of the secondary base as found by calculation, 133372.5 feet. The angles taken at the extremities of the secondary base, included between that line and the lines of vision, to an object distinctly visible at the summit of the peak, were 96° 21´ 15˝ and 81° 17´ 45˝, corrected as above. The angle of elevation of the top of the peak, observed at the extremity {xxxviii} of the secondary base, most remote from the peak, was 3° 41´ 15˝, corrected also for index error of sextant. The final result of these observations, gives for the height of the peak above the plain in which the observations were made, 8507½ feet.

In order to ascertain with precision, the angle of elevation of the summit of the peak, an artificial horizon of water was employed, and the double angle of elevation observed. The angle of elevation as it stands corrected for refraction, is 3° 39´ 26˝. The estimate as above gives the height of the peak above the true level of the place of observation, no correction having been made for the spherical figure of the earth.

Allowing the perpendicular fall of the river Platte, from the mountains to its mouth, to be on an average nineteen inches per mile, (which appears reasonable from the rapidity of its current compared with that of the Missouri,) the fall of the Missouri from the place where it receives the Platte to its mouth, to be 16 inches per mile, which agrees with the result from _leveling_ at Engineer Cantonment--and that of the Mississippi from the mouth of the Missouri to the Gulf of Mexico to be 12 inches per mile, it would give for the height of the Platte at the base of the mountains, say at the place of the above observations, 3000 feet above the level of the ocean, and consequently the height of James's Peak would be 11507½ above the same level.

This mountain was clothed in snow for a considerable distance below its summit, when the exploring party visited it, in the middle of July, and at the same time they experienced excessive heat at its base.

* * * * *

_Observations made on the Arkansa, at our camp, situated about twenty-five miles below the point where the river issues from the mountains._

_Equal altitudes of Sun to find error of watch, at noon._

| Time from Noon, | Time from Noon, | Error of Watch. | A.M. | P.M. | +------------------+--------------------+---------------- July 17, 1820. | 3ʰ 27´ 17˝ | 3ʰ 08´ 35˝ } | 15´ 03˝ slow. | 3 25 58 | 3 07 15 } | Mean time. | 3 24 36 | 3 05 54 } | +------------------+--------------------+---------------- July 17, 1820. | Meridian double altitude of Antares | 51° 28´ | Index error 3´ 22˝. Latitude } | | deduced } | 38 18 19 N. +---------------------------------------+----------------

_A mean of eight lunar observations. Distance of nearest limbs of sun and moon for calculating the longitude._

| Time per Watch, | Distance of Sun | | P.M. | and Moon. | Index Error. +------------------+------------------+------------- July 17, 1820. | 3ʰ 26´ 49˝ | 84° 08´ 30˝ | - 3´ 22˝ +------------------+------------------+-------------

{xxxix} Assumed longitude 7ʰ 01´ west. Allowance to be made for error and rate of time-piece, as before.

Longitude of Camp deduced, 7ʰ 02´ 39˝, or 105° 39´ 45˝ W.

_Camp on the Arkansa, two miles below the river St. Charles, or third fork of Pike._

July 19, 1820. | Meridian double altitude of Antares | 51° 36´ 00˝ | Index error--3´ 22˝. Latitude } | | deduced } | 38 14 18 N. +-------------------------------------+---------------

_Camp on the Arkansa, at the place where the Exploring Party was divided into two detachments._

_Equal altitudes of Sun to find error of watch, at midnight._

| Time before | Time after | Error of Watch. | Midnight | Midnight | ---------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------- July 21, 1820. | 8ʰ 39´ 58˝ | 8ʰ 17´ 50˝ }| 17´ 19˝ slow. | 8 38 38 | 8 16 30 }| Mean time. | 8 37 18 | 8 15 1 }| +-----------------+-------------------+-----------------

_A mean of eight lunar distances and times correspondent,--nearest limb of moon from star Spicæ Virginis._

| Time per Watch | Distance of Moon | Index error. | P.M. | and Star. | ---------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------- July 21, 1820. | 9ʰ 40´ 54˝ | 51° 45´ 47˝ | - 3´ 30˝ +-----------------+-------------------+---------------

Variation of watch 47˝ per 12 hours losing. Error of watch to be estimated. Longitude by account 6ʰ 58´ W. Lat. determined by subsequent observations.

Longitude of Camp, 6ʰ 55´ 05˝ or 103° 46´ 15˝ W. of Greenwich.

_Equal altitudes of Sun to find error of watch, at noon._

| Time from Noon, | Time from Noon, | Error of Watch. | A.M. | P.M. | +-------------------+-------------------+----------------- July 22, 1820.| 2ʰ 58´ 21˝ | 2ʰ 34´ 09˝ } | 18´ 06˝ slow. | 2 56 59 | 2 32 47 } | Mean time. | 2 55 36 | 2 31 23 } | +-------------------+-------------------+----------------- July 22, 1820.| Meridian double altitude of Antares | 51° 40´ | +----------------- | Index error--3´ 30˝. Latitude } | | deduced } | 38 12 22 N. --------------+---------------------------------------+-----------------

{xl} _Camp on the Canadian River of August 6th._

Aug. 6, 1820. | Meridian of altitude sun's lower limb | 71° 52´ | Extent of natural horizon, or sheet }| | of water }| 82 yards. | Height of observer's eye above }| | horizon }| 38 inches. | Index error of sextant | - 3´ | +-------------- | Latitude deduced |35° 16´ 19˝ N. ---------------+---------------------------------------+--------------

_Camp on the Canadian River of August 22d._

Aug. 22, 1820. | Meridian double altitude of moon's } | | lower limb } | 72° 18´ 15˝ | +---------------- | Index error--4´ 00˝. Latitude } | | deduced } | 35 26 29 N. ---------------+---------------------------------------+----------------

_Camp on the Canadian River of August 31st._

_Equal altitudes of Sun to find error of watch, at noon._

| Time from Noon, | Time from Noon, | Error of Watch. | A.M. | P.M. | --------------+-----------------+------------------+----------------- Aug. 31, 1820 | 3ʰ 27´ 43˝ | 2ʰ 23´ 40˝ }| 31´ 52½˝ slow. | 3 26 21 | 2 22 18 }| Mean time. | 3 24 55 | 2 20 57 }| +-----------------+------------------+-----------------

_Altitudes of Sun and times correspondent, to find the Latitude._

| Times per Watch, | Double altitudes of | Index error. | A.M. | sun's upper limb. | +------------------+---------------------+---------------- Aug. 31, 1820.| 10ʰ 29´ 20˝ | 121° 18´ 00˝ | - 4´ | 10 30 24 | 121 32 00 | Error and | 10 32 05 | 121 52 30 | variation of | 10 33 12 | 122 06 30 | watch to be | 10 34 13 | 122 17 30 | allowed. | | | Lat. by account | | | 34° 57´ N. +------------------+---------------------+---------------- Mean 10ʰ 31´ 51˝ | 121° 49´ 18˝ | -------------------+---------------------+---------------- Latitude of Camp deduced from the above | 34° 57´ 35˝ -------------------------------------------------------+----------------

_A mean of seven Lunar distances, and times correspondent--nearest limbs of Sun and Moon._

| Time per Watch, | Distance of Sun | Index error. | A.M. | and Moon. | +---------------------+-------------------+-------------- Aug. 31, 1820.| 7ʰ 32´ 06˝ | 77° 50´ 15˝ | - 4´ +---------------------+-------------------+--------------

{xli} Allowance to be made for error and variation of watch. Longitude by account, 6ʰ 26´ W.

Longitude deduced, 6ʰ 26´ 12˝, or 96° 33´ 00˝ W. of Greenwich.

_Camp on the Canadian river, fifteen miles above its mouth._

Sept. 9, 1820. | Meridian double altitude of sun's }| 120° 13´ 00˝ | lower limb }| | +---------------- | Index error - 4'. Lat. deduced | 34 50 15 N. +------------------------------------+----------------

_Observations made on the Arkansa river, at Fort Smith, Belle Point, situated at the confluence of the Arkansa and Poteau rivers._

Sept. 14, 1820. | Meridian double altitude of sun's } | 116° 22´ 00˝ | lower limb } | | +----------------- | Index error - 4´. Latitude deduced | 34 51 07 N. +-------------------------------------+----------------- Sept. 15, 1820. | Meridian double altitude of sun's } | | lower limb } | 115 36 00 | +----------------- | Index error - 4´. Latitude deduced | 34 51 00 N. +-------------------------------------+----------------- Sept. 16, 1820. | Meridian double altitude of sun's } | | lower limb } | 114 50 30 | +----------------- | Index error - 4´. Latitude deduced | 34 50 35 N. +-------------------------------------+----------------- | Mean latitude of Belle Point | 34 50 54 N. +-------------------------------------+-----------------

_Equal altitudes of Sun to find error of watch, at noon._

| Time from Noon, | Time from Noon, | Error of Watch. | A.M. | P.M. | +-----------------+-------------------+---------------- Sept. 15, 1820. | 3ʰ 41´ 21˝ | 3ʰ 36´ 32˝ }| 2´ 47˝ fast. | 3 38 35 | 3 33 46 }| Mean time. +-----------------+-------------------+----------------

_A mean of seven lunar distances and times correspondent--nearest limbs of Sun and Moon._

| Time per Watch, | Distance of Sun | Index error. | P.M. | and Moon. | +-----------------+-------------------+------------- Sept. 15, 1820. | 3ʰ 55´ 46˝ | 93° 59´ 30˝ | - 4´ +-----------------+-------------------+-------------

Allowance for error of watch as usual. Longitude by account, 6ʰ 18´ west of Greenwich.

Longitude of Belle Point deduced from the foregoing data, 6ʰ 17´ 24˝, or 94° 21´ 00˝ west of Greenwich.

{xlii} A TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE,

_Embracing the deductions recorded in the foregoing account of Astronomical Observations and Calculations._

=======================+===============+==============+=============== | | Longitude W. | Longitude W. Places of Observation | Latitude N | from |from Washington | | Greenwich | City -----------------------+---------------+--------------+--------------- Shippingsport, Ky | 38° 15´ 23˝ | | Camp on Mississippi, | | | June 8 | 38 26 09 | | Mouth of Merameg river | 38 23 39 | | St. Louis, Missouri | 38 36 18 |90° 02´ 35˝ |13° 02´ 35˝ Camp on Missouri | | | river, June 28 | 38 34 33 | | Franklin, Missouri | 38 57 09 |92 57 05 |15 57 05 Fort Osage, Missouri | 39 09 33 | | Cow Island, Missouri | | | river | 39 25 05 | | Camp on Missouri river,| | | Aug. 31 | 39 49 01 | | Fort Lisa, Missouri Fur| | | Co.'s Establishment | 41 24 13 | | Engineer Cantonment | 41 25 04 |95 43 53 |18 43 53 Mouth of river Platte | 41 03 13 | | Mouth of Elk-horn, | | | tributary to Platte | 41 12 00 | | Boyer river at | | | commencement of | | | High Lands | 41 32 15 | | Elk-horn river, near | | | Pawnee Trace | 41 26 07 | | Village of | | | Republican Pawnees | 41 17 03 | | Mouth of Missouri river| 38 51 39 |90 00 40 |13 00 40 Mouth of De Moyen river| 40 21 48 | | Mouth of Illinois river| 38 58 23 |90 18 00 |13 18 00 Cape Girardeau, | | | Mississippi river | 37 18 39 |89 17 00 |12 17 00 Spanish Fort at Natchez| 31 33 45 | | Camp on the Platte, | | | July 4 | 39 57 40 | | Do. do. | | | July 5 | 39 50 40 |105 20 45 |28 20 45 Camp at the base of the| | | Rocky Mountains, | | | July 8 | 39 23 40 | | 1st Camp on Arkansa, | | | July 17 | 38 18 19 |105 39 45 |28 39 45 Camp on Arkansa, | | | July 19 | 38 14 18 | | Camp where Exploring | | | Party separated | 38 12 22 |103 46 15 |26 46 15 Camp on Canadian river,| | | Aug. 6 | 35 16 19 | | Do. do. Aug. 22 | 35 26 29 | | Do. do. Aug. 31 | 34 57 35 |96 33 00 |19 33 00 Do. do. Sept. 9 | 34 50 15 | | Belle Point, | | | Arkansa Territory | 34 50 54 |94 21 00 |17 21 00 -----------------------+---------------+--------------+---------------

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER

_Preliminary Explanations_

The observations on the modifications of the clouds were particularly detailed in the Journal by Mr. Say, who being often remote from the party on detached expeditions, the phases observed by him cannot always be considered as precisely corresponding with those that occurred where the observations noted in the remaining columns of the tables were made by Lieut. Graham. As they would occupy too much space, if introduced into the body of this work agreeably to the manuscript notes, it was judged proper to modify and condense them into the smallest possible space. With this view, the nomenclature of Messrs. Howard and Forster has been adopted, and is now inserted in the meteorological tables, under the indications of the following abbreviations, viz.

S - Stratus. C - Cirrus. Cs - Cirrostratus--the addition of a full point, thus Cs. shows that this cloud was almost or entirely universal; and a comma, thus, Cs, indicates its partial occurrence. The same observations also relate to the signs for the following clouds. Cm - Cumulus. Cml - Cirrocumulus. Cms - Cumulostratus. Cmc - Cumulocirrostratus. Ns - Nimbus.

But as the particular varieties of appearance which these respective clouds exhibited, could not be indicated in the allotted columns of the tables, they are altogether omitted. The column headed with the word _courses_ indicates the points of the heavens from which the clouds proceed; thus | C. | S.W. | shows the occurrence of the Cirrus form of clouds proceeding from the south-west.

The letter L. sometimes inserted in the column of remarks on the state of the weather, indicates _lightning_; T. _thunder_, and R. _rain_.

Observations, by means of the Cyanometer, on the colour of the atmosphere, were also made, three times each day, by Mr. Graham; but as the instrument became imperfect in consequence of the fading of its colours, from the necessary exposure to the action of light, they have been rejected.

No record was made of the humidity of the atmosphere, as the Hygrometer provided for the use of the Expedition, proved entirely useless.

Simultaneous meteorological observations were made at Germantown, near Philadelphia, by Mr. Reuben Haines; from which the average temperature of that place during several months has been deduced and inserted for the sake of comparison, in the following tables.

Observations on the state of the weather were regularly made during the whole term of the expedition, but being too voluminous to be inserted in the work, it was thought best to select those of an entire year and reject the remainder.

{xliv} _Meteorological Register_ {xlv} _for the Month of_ JUNE, 1819

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean | Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | 68 | N.W. | 76 | N.N.W. | 77 | W. | 73 | 2 | 65 | Calm | 77 | W.N.W. | 75 | N.W. | 72 | 3 | 65 | Calm | 82 | S.E. | 80 | S.S.E. | 75 | 4 | 72 | Calm | 83 | Sy. | 81 | S. | 78 | 5 | 73 | S. | 85 | S.E. | 83 | Sy. | 80 | 6 | 73 | Calm | 85 | S.E. | 84 | E.S.E. | 80 | 7 | 79 | S.W. | 85 | S.W. | 84 | Sy. | 82 | 8 | 78 | S.S.W. | 83 | S.S.W. | 83 | S. | 81 | 9 | 75 | S.W. | 85 | S.W. | 80 | W.S.W. | 80 | 10 | 68 | S.E. | 83 | E.S.E. | 75 | S.E. | 75 | 11 | 64 | S.S.E. | 76 | W.N.W. | 72 | N.W. | 70 | | | | | | | | | 12 | 66 | N.N.E. | 73 | N.N.W. | 73 | N.N.W. | 70 | 13 | 68 | Calm | 78 | S.S.E. | 72 | S.S.W. | 72 | 14 | 72 |S.E. by E. | 81 | S. by E. | 80 | S. | 77 | 15 | 77 | S. by E. | 84 | E. | 75 | S. | 80 | | | | | | | | | 16 | 72 | S.E. | 84 | Calm | 86 | Calm | 77 | 17 | 80 | Calm | 87 | Calm | 86 | Calm | 84 | 18 | 80 | Calm | 86 |N.W. by N. | 81 | N.W. | 82 | | | | | | | | | 19 | 69 |N.E. by N. | 74 | N. by E. | 73 | N. by E. | 72 | 20 | 66 | W.S.W. | 81 | W. | 80 | Calm | 75 | 21 | 70 | S.W. | 83 | N.W. | 83 | N. by W. | 78 | 22 | 70 | E. by S. | 83 | E.N.E. | 84 | Calm | 79 | 23 | 72 | Calm | 82 | E.S.E. | 82 | S. | 78 | 24 | 71 | Calm | 84 | Calm | 86 | S.W. | 80 | | | | | | | | | 25 | 75 | Calm | 85 | N.E. | 86 | N. | 82 | | | | | | | | | 26 | 77 | N.W. | 84 | S. | 87 | W.N.W. | 82 | 27 | 70 |N.W. by N. | 84 | N.N.E. | 86 | N.N.E. | 80 | 28 | 75 | Calm | 83 | S. by W. | 86 | E. | 81 | 29 | 71 | Calm | 88 | N.W. | 89 |N.W. by W. | 82 | 30 | 74 | N.W. | 81 | W.N.W. | 78 |S.W. by S. | 77 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+=======+====================================+=======================+ | Mean | | BAROMETER | | Temp. | +-----------------------+ Day | at | | | of |German-| +-------+-------+-------+ Month| town | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | -- |Windy during the day | 29.40 | 29.26 | 29.32 | 2 | -- | | 29.36 | 29.17 | 29.31 | 3 | -- | | 29.41 | 29.26 | 29.20 | 4 | 68 | | 29.32 | 29.16 | 29.17 | 5 | -- | | 29.25 | 29.10 | 29.18 | 6 | 79 | | 29.29 | 29.15 | 29.16 | 7 | 79 | | 29.24 | 29.19 | 29.19 | 8 | -- | | 29.20 | 29.15 | 29.16 | 9 | -- | | 29.18 | 29.20 | 29.15 | 10 | 71 | | 29.28 | 29.21 | 29.20 | 11 | 69 |Thunder shower before daylight this | 29.15 | 29.16 | 29.18 | | |morning | | | | 12 | 69 | | 29.36 | 29.27 | 29.28 | 13 | -- | | 29.40 | 29.26 | 29.20 | 14 | 65 | | 29.29 | 29.16 | 29.15 | 15 | -- |Violent thunder gust commenced at 6 | 29.21 | 29.22 | 29.23 | | | P.M. and continued till 7 | | | | 16 | 71 |Sultry | 29.26 | 29.21 | 29.18 | 17 | 76 |Sultry | 29.22 | 29.17 | 29.14 | 18 | 79 |Light breezes. Thermometer at 88½ | 29.16 | 29.13 | 29.14 | | |at 11 o'clock, A.M. | | | | 19 | 78 |Light breezes | 29.29 | 29.27 | 29.14 | 20 | 68 |Light breezes | 29.35 | 29.22 | 29.20 | 21 | 71 |Light breezes | 29.21 | 29.16 | 29.11 | 22 | -- |Light breezes | 29.22 | 29.19 | 29.13 | 23 | -- |Light breezes | 29.20 | 29.17 | 29.09 | 24 | 70 |Light showers of rain in the | 29.24 | 29.18 | 29.14 | | |afternoon | | | | 25 | 69 |Thermometer at 88 at 5 P.M. Light | 29.25 | 29.20 | 29.19 | | |breezes. L. in evening | | | | 26 | 68 |Light and variable breezes | 29.25 | 29.15 | 29.15 | 27 | 73 |Light breezes | 29.29 | 29.09 | 29.10 | 28 | 76 |Light breezes | 29.15 | 29.08 | 29.06 | 29 | -- |Strong breezes | 29.04 | 28.90 | 28.87 | 30 | 77 |Strong gales of wind last night and | 29.00 | 28.99 | 29.00 | | |also during this day | | | | -----+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------

=====+======================================================================= | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1 | Fair | -- | Cs, Cms, | -- | -- | 2 | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | 4 | | | | | | 5 | | | | | | 6 | | | | | | 7 | | | | | | 8 | | | | | | 9 | | | | | | 10 | | | | | | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | 12 | | | | | | 13 | | | | | | 14 | | | | | | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | 16 | | | | | | 17 | | | | | | 18 | | | | | | | | | | | | 19 | | | | | | 20 | | | | | | 21 | | | | | | -- 22 | Cs, Fair | -- -- -- | Cs. Cm, | -- -- -- | Cs. Cms, | -- 23 | Fair | | Cms. Ns, | | Ns, | -- 24 | | | | | | -- | | | | | | 25 | Fair | -- | Cms, | -- | Cm, Cml, | -- | | | | | | 26 | Fair -- | -- -- -- | Cms, Cs. | -- -- -- |-- -- Fair | -- 27 | Fair Cs. | -- -- | -- Cml, | -- -- | Cml, Cm, | -- 28 | Fair | | Fair Cm. | | Cm, | -- 29 | | | | | | W. 30 | | | | | | -- -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------

{xlvi} Meteorological Register {xlvii} for the Month of JULY, 1819

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean | Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | 69 | Calm | 83 | W.S.W. | 83 | Calm | 78 | 2 | 71 | Calm | 74 | W. by S. | 80 |N.E. by N. | 75 | 3 | 67 | N.N.W. | 80 |N.W. by N | 78 |N.E. by E. | 75 | 4 | 64 | N.N.W. | 81 | E.S.E. | 77 | E.S.E. | 74 | 5 | 65 |S.E. by E. | 80 | E. by N. | 79 | E.N.E. | 74 | | | | | | | | | 6 | 76 | Calm | 81 | W.S.W. | 84 | E.N.E. | 80 | 7 | 72 | E.N.E. | 86 |N.W. by W. | 86 |S.E. by E. | 81 | 8 | 76 | Calm | 90 | S.W. | 88 | E.N.E. | 84 | 9 | 78 | E.N.E. | 83 |S.W. by S. | 85 | S.W. | 82 | | | | | | | | | 10 | 80 | W.S.W. | 85 | N.W. | | | | 11 | 71 | N.E. | 85 |N.W. by N. | 82 | S.W. | 79 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 12 | 76 | Calm | 87 | N.W. | 81 |N.W. by N. | 81 | 13 | 79 | S. | 85 | W. | 86 | Calm | 83 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 14 | 77 | W.S.W. | 81 | N.E. | 82 | Calm | 80 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 15 | 75 | W.S.W. | 84 | W.N.W. | 82 | | 80 | 16 | 69 | W.N.W. | 77 | N.W. | 76 | N.N.W. | 74 | 17 | 54 | N.N.E. | 73 | S.S.E. | 72 | N.W. | 66 | 18 | 54 | N.W. | 73 | E. by N. | 74 | N.N.W. | 67 | 19 | 54 | N.N.E. | 75 | E. | 76 | S.S.E. | 68 | 20 | 64 | S.E. | 80 | W.N.W. | 73 | E. by S. | 72 | 21 | 68 | E. by S. | 75 | E. by S. | 70 | S.S.E. | 71 | 22 | 70 | E. | 80 | S. by W. | 77 | S.E. | 75 | 23 | 68 | Calm | 73 | S.S.E. | | | | | | | | | | | | 24 | 72 | Calm | 83 | S.E. | 82 | N.E. | 79 | 25 | 72 |N.W. by N. | 83 | N.N.E. | 80 | N. by W. | 78 | | | | | | | | | 26 | 65 | Calm | 83 | N. | 72 | W. | 73 | 27 | 64 | N.W. | 84 | S.S.E. | 75 | E.S.E. | 74 | 28 | 69 | E. | 86 | S. by E. | 84 | N.E. | 79 | | | | | | | | | 29 | 72 | E.N.E. | 88 |S.W. by S. | 80 | S. | 80 | 30 | 74 | W.S.W. | 89 | E.S.E. | 83 |S.E. by E. | 82 | 31 | 72 |N.E. by N. | 86 | N.N.W. | 82 | E. by N. | 80 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+=======+====================================+=======================+ | Mean | | BAROMETER | | Temp. | +-----------------------+ Day | at | | | of |German-| +-------+-------+-------+ Month| town | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | -- |Fresh gales in middle of the day | 29.09 | 29.00 | 29.00 | 2 | -- |Fresh gales in middle of the day | 29.16 | 29.18 | 29.18 | 3 | 70 |Fresh and variable brs.--night fair | 29.33 | 29.20 | 29.20 | 4 | 70 |Fresh breezes | 29.39 | 29.20 | 29.20 | 5 | 69 |Light breezes | 29.25 | 29.08 | 29.07 | | | | | | | 6 | 69 |Freq. showers of R. during the day | 29.07 | 29.05 | 29.06 | 7 | 65 |Hard shower this forenoon | 29.12 | 29.00 | 29.02 | 8 | 67 |Light brs.--mackerel sky in even. | 29.04 | 28.96 | 28.96 | 9 | 77 |Hard shower this forenoon. L. in | 29.04 | 29.00 | 28.98 | | |the evening | | | | 10 | 79 |Rained greater part of forenoon | 28.99 | 29.05 | | 11 | 80 |Fresh breezes this afternoon, N. | 29.18 | 29.10 | 29.04 | | |N.W. horizon red after twilight. | | | | | |Lightning. Storm of wind | | | | 12 | 79 |Lightning in the evening | 29.00 | 28.97 | 29.04 | 13 | 81 |Thunder shower and heavy wind from | 29.07 | 29.00 | 29.03 | | |from N.W. about 1 o'clock this | | | | | |morning--rain 1½ inches | | | | 14 | 78 |Thunder showers and heavy wind | 29.03 | 29.13 | 29.13 | | |this morning about 1 o'clk. rain ½ | | | | | |inch--noon L. ¼ inch rain | | | | 15 | 81 |Very light breezes | 29.22 | 29.21 | 29.23 | 16 | 78 |Very light breezes | 29.27 | 29.27 | 29.25 | 17 | 73 |Very light breezes. Stratus at night| 29.34 | 29.31 | 29.31 | 18 | 70 |Pleasant wea. Even. S. in N.E. | 29.34 | 29.34 | 29.31 | 19 | 72 |Pleasant weather | 29.34 | 29.34 | 29.34 | 20 | 72 |Light breezes | 29.34 | 29.30 | 29.24 | 21 | 72 |Light breezes | 29.21 | 29.15 | 29.15 | 22 | 75 |Fresh breezes. T. storm in even. | 29.06 | 28.97 | 28.97 | 23 | 75 |Several showers of rain to-day. L. | 29.00 | 29.00 | | | |incessant in the evening | | | | 24 | 75 |Fr. brs. T. storm with R. in even. | 29.02 | 29.10 | 29.12 | 25 | 76 |Fresh breezes. Light rain this | 29.16 | 29.17 | 29.16 | | |morning. L. in the evening | | | | 26 | 76 |Fresh breezes | 29.20 | 29.20 | 29.13 | 27 | 76 |Thick fog over the river this morn. | 29.13 | 29.13 | 29.06 | 28 | 78 |Strong breezes in the afternoon. | 29.10 | 29.10 | 29.06 | | |Evening L. and shower at night | | | | 29 | 77 |Strong breezes | 29.12 | 29.06 | 29.03 | 30 | 82 |Moderate brs. Noon T. Even. L. | 29.08 | 29.01 | 29.00 | 31 | 86 |Moderate breezes | 29.00 | 28.90 | 28.88 | -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+======================================================================= | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1 | Cms, | -- | Cml, | -- | Cs. | -- 2 | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- 3 | Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- 4 | Cm, | S. | Cm, & C, | S. | C, & Cs, | -- 5 | Cmc. | -- | Cm, Cms, | S.E. | Ns, | -- | | | Cs, | | | 6 | Ns. | -- | Ns, | -- | Cms, | -- 7 |Cms, & Cs, | -- |Cs, & Cms, | -- | Cm, & Cs, | -- 8 | Cs, | E. | Cm. & Cs. | -- | Cml, | -- 9 | Cs. | -- | Cs. Cms, | -- | Ns, Cms, | N.W. | | | | | | 10 | Ns. | -- | Cms. | -- | Cs. | -- 11 | Cs. | S.W. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | | | | | | | 12 | Ns, Cs, | S.W. | Cs. | -- | Ns. | N. 13 | Cs, Ns, | NW., NE. | Cms, Ns. | S.W. | Ns, Cs, | E. | | | | | | | | | | | | 14 | Cs, | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns, | N.N.E. | | | | | | | | | | | | 15 | S. | -- | Cs, Cm, | -- | Cs, | -- 16 | C, Cs, | W.N.W. | Cms, | -- | Cs, | -- 17 | Cms, | -- | Cms. | -- | Cs, | -- 18 | S. | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- 19 | Cmc. | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- 20 | Cs. | -- | Cm, Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- 21 | Ns. | -- | Ns, Cm, | S.W. | -- | -- 22 | Ns. | S. | Cms, Cml, | -- | Ns | S.W. 23 | Ns. | -- | Cs, Cml, | N.W., S. | Cm, Ns, | S.S.W. | | | | | | 24 | Cm, Cs, | -- | Cms, Cs, | N.N.W. | Ns, | -- 25 | Cms, | N.N.W. | Cm, | N.N.W. | C, | N.W. | | | | | | 26 | C, Cml, | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 27 | S. | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 28 | C, | -- | Cms, | -- | Cms, | -- | | | | | | 29 | C, | N. | Cs, C, | -- | Cs, Cms, | -- 30 | Ns. | -- | Cms, Cml, | S.W. | Cms, Cs, | -- 31 | Ns | -- | Cms. Cs |N.E. , S.W.| -- | -- -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--On the 7th, 170 miles from mouth of Missouri river at 9 o'clock, P.M. discovered a comet bearing nearly N.W. Observed its distance from North Star to be 49° 38´.--8th, 57 minutes past 8 P.M. observed distance of comet from North Star 48° 46´, bearing at same time N. 43°, W. Altitude 7°.

17th--Franklin, Missouri--Magnetic intensity 26 oscillations per minute. 28th--At our Camp--Magnetic intensity 25 oscillations per minute.

{xlviii} _Meteorological Register_ {xlix} _for the Month of_ AUGUST, 1819

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean | Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | 72 | N.W. | 85 | N. | 82 | S.E. | 79 | | | | | | | | | 2 | 69 | Calm | 78 | E. by S. | 74 | E. by S. | 73 | 3 | 68 | | 82 | S.W. | 74 | W. by S. | 74 | 4 | 73 | S. | 84 | S. | 78 | W. | 78 | | | | | | | | | 5 | 68 | S.S.W. | 86 | W. | 76 | S.W. | 76 | 6 | 71 | W. | 88 | W. | 80 | W. | 79 | 7 | 71 | S.W. | 84 | W.S.W. | 81 | W.S.W. | 78 | | | | | | | | | 8 | 71 | Calm | 84 | N.E. | 80 |S.W. by S. | 78 | 9 | 70 | S.S.W. | 88 | Calm | 84 | Calm | 80 | 10 | 70 | S.S.E. | 88 | S. | 84 | E.S.E. | 80 | 11 | 72 | E.N.E. | 90 | S.S.E. | 85 | E.S.E. | 82 | 12 | 72 | Calm | 92 | W. | 85 | E.N.E. | 83 | 13 | 75 | Calm | 91 | S.W. | 86 | S.S.E. | 84 | | | | | | | | | 14 | 77 | Calm | 93 | S. | 87 | S. | 85 | 15 | 76 | S.E. | 92 | S. | 86 | S.S.W. | 84 | 16 | 76 | Calm | 90 | Calm | 87 | N. | 84 | | | | | | | | | 17 | 74 | E.N.E. | 90 | N.E. | 86 | N.N.E. | 83 | 18 | 73 | W.S.W. | 86 | Calm | 81 | E.N.E. | 89 | 19 | 74 | Calm | 83 | E.N.E. | 80 | E.N.E. | 79 | 20 | 76 | S.S.E. | 85 | E. | 81 | E. | 80 | 21 | 68 | Calm | 84 | W.N.W. | 78 | N.W. | 76 | | | | | | | | | 22 | 61 | N.W. | 76 | N.N.E. | 68 | N.N.W. | 68 | 23 | 50 | W. | 72 | Calm | 67 | N.W. | 63 | 24 | 54 | S.S.E. | 73 | S.S.E. | 70 | S.S.E. | 65 | 25 | 60 | S.E. | 83 | S.S.E. | | S.S.E. | | 26 | 68 | S. | 86 | S.S.E. | 80 | S.S.E. | 78 | 27 | 71 | E. | 70 | N. | 69 | N. | 70 | 28 | 50 | N.W. | 79 | N.W. | 66 | E.N.E. | 65 | 29 | 50 | N.N.E. | 75 | E.S.E. | | | | 30 | 50 | E.S.E. | 84 | S.S.W. | 71 | S.W. | 68 | 31 | 62 | S. | 93 | W.S.W. | 84 | S.W. | 79 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+=======+====================================+=======================+ | Mean | | BAROMETER | | Temp. | +-----------------------+ Day | at | | | of |German-| +-------+-------+-------+ Month| town | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | 88 |Frequent showers of rain, ⅛ of an | 28.87 | 28.77 | 28.74 | | |inch rain since yesterday morn. | | | | 2 | 86 | | 28.72 | 28.68 | 28.68 | 3 | 78 | | 28.68 | 28.70 | 28.74 | 4 | 76 |Frequent showers of rain, ½ an inch | 28.79 | 28.77 | 28.77 | | |of rain since yesterday morning | | | | 5 | 75 |Light sprinkles of rain | 28.83 | 28.80 | 28.80 | 6 | 75 |Cloudy all day | 28.86 | | 28.85 | 7 | 79 |Light sprinkles of rain last night | 28.90 | 28.82 | 28.82 | | |and this afternoon | | | | 8 | 82 |Sprinkles of rain this forenoon | 28.82 | 28.74 | 28.74 | 9 | 80 |Sultry | 28.75 | 28.74 | 28.74 | 10 | 82 |Sultry. Light in S.E. this evening | 28.80 | 28.80 | 28.80 | 11 | 79 |Pleasant brs. L. in N. this | 28.86 | 28.86 | 28.78 | 12 | 81 |Fresh breezes. Lightning in N.W. | 28.84 | 28.80 | 28.74 | 13 | 82 |Fresh breezes. Night meteors | 28.77 | 28.70 | 28.70 | | |shooting to the north | | | | 14 | 82 |Fresh breezes. No dew | 28.70 | 28.63 | 28.62 | 15 | 79 |Fresh breezes. No dew | 28.62 | 28.60 | 28.57 | 16 | 72 |Light breezes. Shower of rain in | 28.57 | 28.63 | 28.64 | | |the morn. No dew in the even. | | | | 17 | 79 |Light breezes | 28.66 | 28.66 | 28.66 | 18 | 72 |Light brs. noon. Rain in the E. | 28.70 | 28.67 | 28.67 | 19 | 74 | | 28.74 | 28.74 | 28.74 | 20 | 76 | | 28.80 | 28.75 | 28.68 | 21 | 77 |Hard shower of rain from | 28.68 | 28.63 | 28.66 | | |North--3/16 of an inch of rain | | | | 22 | 78 |Windy | 28.84 | 28.85 | 28.88 | 23 | 70 | | 29.18 | 28.85 | 28.85 | 24 | 66 |Windy | 28.85 | 28.77 | 28.77 | 25 | 62 |Strong gale of wind during the day | 28.83 | 28.65 | 28.65 | 26 | |Strong gale of wind. Evening, rain | 28.72 | 28.66 | 28.63 | 27 | 64 |Strong gale of wind. Morn. rain | 28.63 | 28.75 | 28.75 | 28 | 65 |Strong gale of wind | 28.94 | 28.78 | 28.79 | 29 | 70 |Fresh breezes | 29.00 | 28.84 | | 30 | 69 |Fresh breezes | 28.97 | 28.67 | 28.54 | 31 | 71 |Windy | 28.57 | 28.44 | 28.45 | -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+======================================================================= | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1 | Ns. | N.E. | Cml. | N.E. | Cs. | | | | | | | 2 | Ns. | | Ns. | | Ns. | 3 | Ns. | | Ns. | | Ns. | 4 | Ns. | E. | Cm, | | C, Cs. | | | | | | | 5 | | | | | | 6 | Cs. | | Cs. | | Cs. | 7 | Ns. | | Cs. | | Cms. | | | | | | | 8 | Ns. | | Cs. | | Cms. | 9 | Cs, Cms, | | Fair | | Cm, | 10 | Fair | | Cm. | S.S.W. | Fair | 11 | Fair | | Cm, | S.S.W. | C, Cs, | 12 | Cs. | | Cs, Cms, | | Cs, | 13 | Cm, Cs, | | Cm, | | Cm, Cs, | | | | | | | 14 | | | | | | 15 | | | | | | 16 | Ns. | N.W. | Ns. | | Ns, Cs, | | | | | | | 17 | Cs, | | Cs, Cml, | S.W., N.E.| | 18 | Cs, | | Cs, Cm, | S.W., N.E.| Ns. | E. 19 | Ns. | | Cms. | N.E. | | 20 | Fair | | Cm, Cs, | | C. | 21 | Ns. | | Ns. | | | | | | | | | 22 | | | | | | 23 | Cs. | | | | | 24 | Cs. | | | | | 25 | C, | | C, | E. | C, | E. 26 | Cs, | | Cs, Cm, | S.W. | Ns. | 27 | Ns. | N.W. | Cs, Cm, | W., N.W. | | 28 | Fair | | Cs. | | | 29 | | | | | | 30 | | | | | | 31 | Cs, | | Fair | | Fair | -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--On the evening of the 2d, when the moon was about 8° above the horizon, brilliant rays of light appeared very distinctly to proceed from a point 5° or 6° to the north of the moon. Same phenomenon on the evening of the 3d.

Fort Osage, August 4th, magnetic intensity 26½.

Fall of rain on the 26th instant 3-16ths of an inch--27th ½ an inch.

{l} _Meteorological Register_ {li} _for the Month of_ SEPTEMBER, 1819

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean | Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | 75 | N.W. | 92 | S.S.E. | 88 | S.W. | 85 | 2 | 75 | N.W. | 88 | E.S.E. | 74 | Calm | 79 | | | | | | | | | 3 | 63 | S.S.E. | 90 | S.W. | 78 | S.W. | 77 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | 76 | S.W. | 90 | S.S.E. | 82 | S.S.E. | 82 | 5 | 71 | N.N.W. | 70 | N.N.W. | 71 | N.N.W. | 70 | | | | | | | | | 6 | 66 | S.E. | 84 | N.W. | 72 | N.W. | 74 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7 | 70 | N.W. | 85 | E.S.E. | 78 | N.N.W. | 77 | | | | | | | | | 8 | 65 | N.E. | 85 | E.S.E. | 76 | E.S.E. | 75 | 9 | 65 | E.S.E. | 92 | S.E. | 75 | S.E. | 74 | | | | | | | | | 10 | 70 | Calm | 87 | S.S.E. | 80 | S.E. | 79 | | | | | | | | | 11 | 72 | Calm | 77 | S. | 76 | S.E. | 75 | | | | | | | | | 12 | 74 | S.S.E. | 82 | S. | 76 | Calm | 77 | 13 | 62 | N. | 74 | N.N.W. | 67 | N.N.W. | 67 | 14 | 50 | W. | 69 | E.N.E. | 60 | E.N.E. | 59 | 15 | 50 | S.W. | 74 | S.S.W. | 68 | S.S.W. | 64 | 16 | 56 | N.E. | 78 | S. | 71 | S. | 68 | 17 | 55 | S. | 85 | E.N.E. | 78 | E.N.E. | 72 | 18 | 58 | Calm | 90 | S.E. | 75 | S.E. | 74 | 19 | 56 | N.N.W. | 84 | S.E. | 72 | S.E. | 70 | 20 | 58 | S.E. | 70 | S.E. | 69 | S.S.W. | 65 | | | | | | | | | 21 | 56 | E.S.E. | 80 | E.S.E. | 74 | S.E. | 70 | 22 | 60 | E.S.E. | 76 | S.E. | 72 | Calm | 69 | 23 | 54 | N. | 64 | N.N.W. | 58 | N.W. | 58 | 24 | 41 | N. | 64 | N. | 55 | Calm | 53 | 25 | 34 | Calm | 70 | Calm | 59 | Calm | 54 | 26 | 45 | S.E. | 82 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 66 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 27 | 54 | Calm | 80 | S.E. | 67 | S.E. | 67 | 28 | 54 | E.S.E. | 77 | S.E. | 70 | S.E. | 67 | 29 | 54 | E.S.E. | 85 | S.E. | 80 | S.E. | 73 | 30 | 62 | Calm | 86 | N.W. | 73 | N.W. | 73 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+=======+====================================+=======================+ | Mean | | BAROMETER | | Temp. | +-----------------------+ Day | at | | | of |German-| +-------+-------+-------+ Month| town | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | 75 |Windy | 28.45 | 28.40 | 28.40 | 2 | 78 |Light breezes. Lightning in S.W. | 28.41 | 29.20 | 29.20 | | |at midnight | | | | 3 | 80 |Hard thunder shower from W.S.W. | 28.70 | 28.47 | 28.47 | | |this afternoon, lightning in N.W. | | | | | |in the evening | | | | 4 | 78 |Some rain last night | 28.47 | 28.47 | 28.47 | 5 | 79 |Rain and lightning last night, and | 28.63 | 28.58 | 28.58 | | |a shower at noon | | | | 6 | 79 |Thunder storm from S.E. last | 28.58 | 28.50 | 28.50 | | |night, and another from N.W. this | | | | | |afternoon, and during part of the | | | | | |night, with rain, and some hail in | | | | | |the night | | | | 7 | 80 |Violent thunder storm from N.N.W. | 28.50 | 28.44 | 28.44 | | |with a little hail this afternoon | | | | 8 | 80 | | 28.56 | 29.60 | 29.60 | 9 | 77 |Thunder in the W. and some | 28.65 | 28.55 | 28.55 | | |appearance of rain this | | | | 10 | 70 |afternoon--evening lightning in the | 28.68 | 28.68 | 28.68 | | |N. | | | | 11 | 65 |Frequent light sprinkles of rain | 28.66 | 28.66 | 28.63 | | |to-day, rain in the morning | | | | 12 | 68 | | 28.63 | 28.64 | 28.64 | 13 | 62 |Very windy and squally all day | 28.76 | 28.84 | 28.84 | 14 | 59 |Cool breezes. S. from river at night| 29.10 | 28.92 | 28.86 | 15 | 64 |Remarkably clear sky all this day | 28.92 | 28.70 | 28.68 | 16 | 65 |Remarkably clear sky all this day | 28.75 | 28.64 | 28.65 | 17 | 65 |Remarkably clear sky all this day | 28.75 | 28.60 | 28.60 | 18 | 66 | | 28.60 | 28.50 | 28.50 | 19 | 66 | | 28.70 | 28.68 | 28.68 | 20 | 60 |Night S. from the river and nimbus | 28.80 | 28.70 | 28.70 | | |in N.W. horizon | | | | 21 | 56 |Fresh gales of wind | 28.70 | 28.54 | 28.54 | 22 | 62 |Atmosphere thick and smoky | 28.56 | 28.46 | 28.56 | 23 | 68 |Windy | 28.66 | 28.66 | 28.66 | 24 | 68 |Windy | 28.78 | 28.57 | 28.57 | 25 | 66 |Frost last night | 28.80 | 28.54 | 28.54 | 26 | 62 |} Atmosphere very smoky, occasioned | 28.50 | 28.37 | 28.37 | | |by the neighbouring prairies being | | | | | |on fire | | | | 27 | 61 |} | 28.37 | 28.43 | 28.43 | 28 | 60 |} | 28.70 | 28.64 | 28.64 | 29 | 60 |} | 28.65 | 28.50 | 28.50 | 30 | 66 |} | 28.50 | 28.54 | 28.50 | -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+======================================================================= | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1 | C, | -- | C, Cm, | -- | Cs, | -- 2 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | | | | | | 3 | C, Cs, | S.W., W. | Cs. | N.W. | Ns. | S.W. | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | C, | S.W. | Fair | -- | Cs, | W. 5 | Cs. Cml, | W., N.W. | Ns. | S.E. | Ns. | S. | | | | | | 6 | Cs. Cml, | N.W., S. | Cs, | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7 | Ns, | -- | Cm. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 8 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Cs, | -- 9 | C, Cm, | -- | C, Cm, | -- | Ns, | -- | | | | | | 10 | Fair | -- | Cm, | -- | Cm. Cs, | -- | | | | | | 11 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 12 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Fair | -- 13 | Ns. | -- | Cs. | -- | Fair | -- 14 | Fair | -- | Cm, | -- | Fair | -- 15 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 16 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 17 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 18 | Fair | -- | Cs, | N.W. | Fair | -- 19 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 20 | S, Ns, | -- | S, Cml, | -- | S. | -- | | | | | | 21 | S, Cs, | -- | Cs, | N.W. | Cs, | -- 22 | C, C, | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | N.W. 23 | Cs, | N.W. | Cs, | N.W. | Fair | -- 24 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | S, | -- 25 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 26 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | | | | | | | | | | | | 27 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 28 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 29 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- 30 | Cs, | -- | Fair | -- | Cs, | N.W. -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------

_Note._ The Expedition arrived at ENGINEER CANTONMENT, their wintering post, on the 17th instant.

September 3d, fall of rain 7-8 inch--4th, 1-8 inch--5th, 5-8 inch--7th, 3-8 inch--8th, 5-8 inch.

{lii} _Meteorological Register_ {liii} _for the Month of_ OCTOBER, 1819

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean | Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | 46 | Calm | 86 | N.W. | 74 | N.W. | 68 | 2 | 50 | Calm | 73 | E. | 65 | E. | 62 | 3 | 54 | S.E. | 75 | S.E. | 72 | Calm | 67 | 4 | 64 | E.S.E. | 90 | S.E. | 86 | S.E. | 80 | 5 | 72 | S.E. | 88 | S.S.E. | 82 | S.S.E. | 80 | | | | | | | | | 6 | 68 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 47 | N.W. | 62 | 7 | 36 | N.W. | 39 | N.W. | 38 | N.W. | 37 | 8 | 32 | N.W. | 38 | N.W. | 36 | N.W. | 35 | | | | | | | | | 9 | 31 | N.W. | 48 | N.W. | 44 | N.W. | 41 | 10 | 38 | S.E. | 68 | N.N.W. | 55 | N.N.W. | 53 | 11 | 35 | | 56 | E.S.E. | 52 | E.S.E. | 47 | 12 | 43 | Calm | 53 | N.E. | 49 | Calm | 48 | 13 | 28 | Calm | 57 | S.E. | 47 | Calm | 44 | 14 | 42 | S.E. | 70 | S.E. | 62 | Calm | 58 | 15 | 44 | N.N.E. | 58 | N.N.E. | 53 | N.W. | 51 | 16 | 30 | N.W. | 53 | N.W. | 42 | W. | 41 | 17 | 26 | S.E. | 59 | E.S.E. | 51 | S.E. | 45 | | | | | | | | | 18 | 43 | N.N.W. | 57 | W.N.W. | 53 | W.N.W. | 51 | 19 | 40 | N.W. | 53 | N.W. | 45 | N.W. | 46 | 20 | 29 | Calm | 53 | N.W. | 45 | W.N.W. | 42 | 21 | 28 | Calm | 49 | S.E. | 46 | S.E. | 41 | 22 | 38 | Calm | 74 | Variable | 65 | N.W. | 59 | | | | | | | | | 23 | 40 | N.W. | | N.W. | | N.W. | | 24 | | N.W. | | N.W. | | N.W. | | 25 | | S.S.W. | | S.S.W. | | S.S.W. | | 26 | 29 | Calm | 56 | S.E. | 54 | S.E. | 46 | 27 | 32 | Calm | 59 | Calm | 56 | Calm | 49 | 28 | 32 | Calm | 68 | S.S.W. | 66 | S.S.W. | 55 | 29 | 39 | Calm | 61 | N. | 57 | N. | 51 | | | | | | | | | 30 | 31 | Calm | 52 | S.E. | 54 | S.E. | 45 | 31 | 50 | N.W. | 77 | N.W. | 61 | N.W. | 62 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+=======+====================================+=======================+ | Mean | | BAROMETER | | Temp. | +-----------------------+ Day | at | | | of |German-| +-------+-------+-------+ Month| town | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | 65 |Atmosphere thick with smoke | 28.73 | 28.54 | 28.56 | 2 | -- |Atmosphere thick with smoke | 28.74 | 28.62 | 28.62 | 3 | -- |Atmosphere thick with smoke | 28.54 | 28.45 | 28.38 | 4 | 56 |Atmosphere thick with smoke | 28.38 | 28.28 | 28.28 | 5 | 60 |Windy and squally. Atmosphere thick | 28.38 | 28.35 | 28.35 | | |with smoke | | | | 6 | 66 |Light rain this morning | 28.40 | 28.33 | 28.40 | 7 | 66 |Windy | 28.70 | 28.80 | 28.87 | 8 | 67 |A little ice and snow last night. | 28.96 | 28.94 | 28.94 | | |Windy and light snow this even. | | | | 9 | 70 |Frost last night--windy to-day | 28.88 | 28.83 | 28.72 | 10 | 58 |Windy | 28.71 | 28.66 | 28.67 | 11 | 53 |Light sprinkles of rain to-day | 28.88 | 28.88 | 28.96 | 12 | 54 |Fresh breezes of wind all this day | 29.21 | 29.20 | 29.23 | 13 | 46 |Frost last night | 29.45 | 29.28 | 29.25 | 14 | 47 | | 29.16 | 28.90 | 28.83 | 15 | 52 | | 28.69 | 28.64 | 28.65 | 16 | 57 |Frost last night | 28.87 | 28.78 | 28.78 | 17 | 49 |Frost last night--water also froze | 28.90 | 28.75 | 28.75 | | |in a vessel left out | | | | 18 | 46 |Windy | 28.64 | 28.61 | 28.61 | 19 | 46 |High wind this day | 28.76 | 28.76 | 28.76 | 20 | 47 |Hail last night | 28.95 | 28.95 | 29.00 | 21 | 48 |Heavy frost last night | 29.16 | 29.00 | 28.88 | 22 | 42 |High wind this afternoon. Fog on | 28.66 | 28.35 | 28.45 | | |the river this morning | | | | 23 | 46 |High winds | 28.78 | | | 24 | 48 |High winds | | | | 25 | 39 |High winds | | | | 26 | 42 | | 28.92 | 28.88 | 28.90 | 27 | 50 | | 28.94 | 28.88 | 28.88 | 28 | 53 | | 28.96 | 28.73 | 28.67 | 29 | 52 |Frost last night, smoky atmosphere | 28.83 | 28.74 | 28.69 | | |to-day | | | | 30 | 52 |Atmosphere filled with dense smoke | 28.88 | 28.73 | 28.64 | 31 | 43 |Atmosphere filled with dense smoke | 28.48 | 28.48 | 28.48 | -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+====================================================================== | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+---------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- 1 | Cml, | N.W. | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 2 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 3 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 4 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | C, | S.W. 5 | Cml, | -- | Cm, | -- | C, | -- | | | | | | 6 | Ns. | S.W. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 7 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 8 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 9 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | Fair | -- 10 | C, | -- | C, Cml, | -- | Ns. | -- 11 | Fair | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | W.N.W. 12 | Ns. | -- | Cs, | N.W. | Cml, | -- 13 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 14 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 15 | C, | N. | Cml, | -- | Cml, | -- 16 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 17 | Fair | -- | C, | W. | C, | N.W. | | | | | | 18 | C, | N.W. | Cm, | N.W. | Ns, | N.W. 19 | Cm, | N.W. | Cm, | N.W. | Ns. | -- 20 | Cm, | -- | Cm, | -- | Cm. | -- 21 | Cs, | N.W. | Cs, | N.W. | Fair | -- 22 | C, | N.W. | C, | -- | Fair | -- | | | | | | 23 | C, | -- | C, | -- | C, | -- 24 | Cs. | -- | C, | -- | C, | -- 25 | C, | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 26 | C, | N.W. | C, | -- | Fair | -- 27 | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. | C | N.W. 28 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 29 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | | | | | | 30 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- 31 | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--The Aurora Borealis appeared in N.N.E. at 8 o'clock on the evening of the 12th, near the horizon, and continued but a short time.

The atmosphere has been very thick with smoke during this month generally, occasioned by the burning of the _prairies_. This appearance has generally been near the horizon, but at some times, particularly in the latter part of the month, the whole of the sky has been obscured by smoke, bearing much resemblance in the morning, when there was little wind, to a thick fog.

6th--Fall of rain 3-16ths of an inch.

{liv} _Meteorological Register_ {lv} _for the Month of_ NOVEMBER, 1819

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean | Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | 52 | N.W. | 63 | N.W. | 54 | N.W. | 56 | 2 | 33 | S.E. | 65 | Var. | 60 | N.W. | 52 | 3 | 44 | N.W. | 54 | N.W. | 53 | N.W. | 50 | 4 | 32 | Calm | 64 | N.W. | 58 | N.W. | 51 | 5 | 44 | S.E. | 54 | S.E. | 57 | S.E. | 51 | 6 | 46 | N.W. | 50 | N.W. | 47 | N.W. | 47 | 7 | 30 | S.E. | 54 | S.E. | 56 | S.E. | 46 | 8 | 47 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 56 | S.E. | 57 | 9 | 30 | Calm | 40 | N.W. | 44 | N.W. | 38 | | | | | | | | | 10 | 57 | S. | 58 | S. | 54 | S. | 56 | 11 | 36 | Var. | 53 | S. | 52 | S. | 47 | 12 | 38 | N.W. | 40 | N.W. | 36 | N.W. | 38 | 13 | 38 | S.E. | 41 | S.E. | 43 | S.E. | 40 | 14 | 38 | S.E. | 64 | Calm | 48 | Calm | 50 | 15 | 45 | S.E. | 56 | S.E. | 50 | N.W. | 50 | 16 | 33 | Calm | 52 | N.W. | 50 | N.W. | 45 | 17 | 34 | S.E. | 46 | S.E. | 43 | Calm | 41 | 18 | 24 | Calm | 42 | Sy. | 43 | S.E. | 36 | 19 | 44 | S.E. | 61 | Sy. | 61 | Sy. | 55 | 20 | 39 | N. | 43 | N. | 41 | N. | 41 | 21 | 36 | S.E. | 38 | S.E. | 39 | S.E. | 37 | 22 | 40 | N.W. | 42 | N.W. | 40 | N. | 40 | 23 | 37 | E. | 39 | S.E. | 42 | S.E. | 39 | | | | | | | | | 24 | 35 | W. | 43 | W. | 44 | W. | 40 | 25 | 36 | S.E. | 39 | S.E. | 43 | S.E. | 39 | | | | | | | | | 26 | 18 | N.W. | 22 | N.W. | 23 | N.W. | 21 | 27 | 10 | Calm | 20 | S.E. | 25 | S.E. | 18 | 28 | 20 | S.E. | 34 | S.E. | 36 | S.E. | 30 | 29 | 29 | S.E. | 40 | S.E. | 40 | S.E. | 36 | 30 | 30 | Calm | 55 | Calm | 42 | Calm | 42 | | | | | | | | | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+=======+====================================+=======================+ | Mean | | BAROMETER | | Temp. | +-----------------------+ Day | at | | | of |German-| +-------+-------+-------+ Month| town | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | -- |Windy and boisterous | 28.70 | 28.63 | 28.73 | 2 | 50 |Strong winds. Gust at 2 P.M. | 28.75 | 28.45 | 28.50 | 3 | 49 |Windy | 28.65 | 28.67 | 28.66 | 4 | 47 |Windy | 28.53 | 28.49 | 28.49 | 5 | 44 |Windy. Atmos. dense with smoke | 28.50 | 28.18 | 28.09 | 6 | 43 |Very windy and boisterous | 28.65 | 28.71 | 28.82 | 7 | 50 |Windy | 28.95 | 28.64 | 28.48 | 8 | -- |Light wind. Atmos. very smoky | 28.35 | 28.22 | 28.30 | 9 | 47 |Light wind. A little rain at | 28.68 | 28.60 | 28.60 | | |evening, with thunder and lightning | | | | 10 | 48 |Rainy until noon | 28.35 | 28.13 | 28.13 | 11 | 49 |Light brs. Atmosphere very clear | 28.53 | 28.53 | 28.47 | 12 | 56 |A little rain last night | 28.59 | 28.80 | 28.80 | 13 | 50 |Fresh breezes | 28.89 | 28.70 | 28.56 | 14 | 41 |Mild weather | 28.41 | 28.33 | 28.35 | 15 | 37 |Mild. At sunset wind N.W. | 28.10 | 27.90 | 28.10 | 16 | 50 |Frost last night. Light winds | 28.44 | 28.43 | 28.47 | 17 | 59 |Frost last night | 28.60 | 28.46 | 28.51 | 18 | 47 |Heavy frost last night. | 28.90 | 28.70 | 28.56 | 19 | 43 |Moderate wind | 28.30 | 28.21 | 28.31 | 20 | -- |Windy | 28.75 | 28.76 | 28.80 | 21 | 47 |Rain before daylight | 28.94 | 28.83 | 28.76 | 22 | 38 |Rain last night | 28.83 | 28.92 | 28.97 | 23 | 46 |Rain last night. Ground covered | 28.95 | 28.69 | 28.57 | | |with sleet in the morning | | | | 24 | -- |Rainy last night | 28.54 | 28.55 | 28.62 | 25 | 48 |Heavy frost last night. Lit. rn. | 28.72 | 28.60 | 28.55 | | |even. | | | | 26 | 48 |Snow ⅛ in. Little ice in river | 29.13 | 29.08 | 29.13 | 27 | 51 |Much floating ice in river | 29.43 | 29.25 | 29.21 | 28 | 39 |Frost last night | 29.14 | 29.08 | 28.95 | 29 | -- |Floating ice increasing in river | 29.02 | 28.91 | 28.87 | 30 | 35 |Floating ice increasing in river | 28.85 | 28.77 | 28.77 | | |Fair | | | | -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+====================================================================== | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+---------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- 1 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 2 | C. | N.W. | C, | N.W. | C, | -- 3 | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. 4 | Cms, | N.W. | C, | -- | C, | -- 5 | C, | W. | -- | -- | -- | -- 6 | C, | -- | C, | -- | C, | -- 7 | Cs, | N.W. | -- | -- | -- | -- 8 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- 9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 10 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | S.S.E. | Cml, | S.S.E. 11 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 12 | Ns, | N.W. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 13 | Ns, | S.E. | Cs, | -- | C, | -- 14 | C, | -- | C, | N.W. | Cs, | -- 15 | Cs, | W.N.W. | C, | -- | Cs, | W. 16 | Fair | -- | C, | N.W. | Cms, | -- 17 | C, | N.W. | Cs, | N.W. | Cs, | N.W. 18 | Cs, | N.W. | Ns, | N.W. | Ns, | N.W. 19 | Cs, | W. | Cs, | W. | C, | W.N.W. 20 | Cs. | -- | C, | W.N.W. | Cs, | -- 21 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 22 | Ns, | N.W. | Ns, | N.W. | Ns. | N.W. 23 | Ns. | S.E. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 24 | C, | S.W. | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 25 | Ns. | S.W. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 26 | Cml, | N.W. | Cml, | N.W. | Cml, | N.W. 27 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 28 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 29 | Fair | -- | Cml, | N.W. | Cs, | -- 30 | Fair | -- | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. | | | | | | -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--The atmosphere continued its smoky appearance until the 11th, appearing to be produced by southerly and south-easterly winds, and carried off by north and north-westerly ones.

November 10th, fall of rain ½ inch--23d, ¾ inch--24th, ½ inch.

{lvi} _Meteorological Register_ {lvii} _for the Month of_ DECEMBER, 1819

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean | Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | 34 | Calm | 51 | N.W. | 46 | N.W. | 43 | 2 | 32 | S.E. | 41 | S.E. | 43 | S.E. | 38 | 3 | 32 | S.E. | 53 | S.E. | 49 | S.E. | 44 | 4 | 34 | E. | 39 | E. | 39 | E. | 37 | 5 | 33 | S. 40 | Calm | 43 | Calm | 38 | 6 | 42 | S.E. | 45 | S. | 42 | S. | 43 | 7 | 36 | S.E. | 44 | Calm | 43 | Calm | 41 | 8 | 38 | N.W. | 42 | N.W. | 39 | N.W. | 39 | 9 | 23 | S.E. | 32 | S.E. | 32 | S.E. | 29 | 10 | 32 | S.E. | 34 | S.E. | 34 | S.E. | 33 | 11 | 31 | S.E. | 36 | S.E. | 34 | S.E. | 33 | 12 | 34 | Calm | 36 | Calm | 36 | Calm | 35 | | | | | | | | | 13 | 28 | N.W. | 32 | N.W. | 26 | N.W. | 28 | 14 | 20 | N.W. | 28 | N.W. | 24 | N.W. | 24 | 15 | 15 | N.W. | 20 | N.W. | 19 | N.W. | 18 | | | | | | | | | 16 | 14 | S.E. | 24 | S.E. | 21 | S.E. | 19 | 17 | 21 | S.W. | 35 | S.W. | 37 | S.W. | 31 | 18 | 29 | N.W. | 28 | N.W. | 27 | N.W. | 28 | 19 | 11 | N.W. | 38 | N.W. | 24 | N.W. | 24 | 20 | 17 | S.E. | 55 | S.E. | 42 | S.E. | 38 | 21 | 35 | S.E. | 19 | N.W. | 17 | N.W. | 23 | 22 | 1 | N.W. | 3 | N.W. | 1 | N.W. | 1 | 23 | -10 | N.W. | 3 | N.W. | 1 | N.W. | -2 | 24 | -8 | S.W. | 15 | S.W. | 19 | S.W. | 9 | 25 | 18 | Calm | | | | | | 26 | 20 | N.W. | 43 | N.W. | 35 | N.W. | 32 | 27 | 9 | Calm | | | | | | 28 | 12 | N.W. | 21 | N.W. | 11 | N.W. | 14 | | | | | | | | | 29 | 4 | S.E. | 25 | Calm | 16 | Calm | 15 | 30 | -4 | N.W. | 2 | N.W. | -1 | N.W. | -1 | 31 | -4 | S.E. | 15 | S.E. | 19 | N.W. | 10 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+====================================+=======================+ | | BAROMETER | | +-----------------------+ Day | | | of | +-------+-------+-------+ Month| REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 |Thawing | 28.94 | 28.80 | 28.88 | 2 |No floating ice in river | 28.90 | 28.85 | 28.72 | 3 |Thawing | 28.56 | 28.55 | 28.63 | 4 |Frost last night | 28.88 | 28.78 | 28.80 | 5 |Rain at mid-day | 28.85 | 28.61 | 28.61 | 6 |Drizzling, A.M. | 28.74 | 28.63 | 28.70 | 7 |Frost last night | 28.87 | 28.73 | 28.74 | 8 |Light winds | 28.84 | 28.89 | 29.02 | 9 |Heavy frost last night | 29.28 | 29.00 | 28.97 | 10 |Windy | 28.77 | 28.60 | 28.58 | 11 |Windy | 28.75 | 28.70 | 28.70 | 12 |A little snow, hail, and rain last | 28.57 | 28.44 | 28.44 | |night. Float. ice this morn. | | | | 13 |Floating ice/river | 28.47 | 28.36 | 28.46 | 14 |Floating ice/river | 28.78 | 28.80 | 28.83 | 15 |Frost last night. Much floating ice | 29.25 | 29.14 | 29.08 | |this morn. | | | | 16 |A little snow in flakes at noon | 29.09 | 29.04 | 28.91 | 17 |Frost last night | 28.72 | 28.62 | 28.50 | 18 |Very windy | 28.49 | 28.54 | 28.50 | 19 |Snow ¼ inch last night | 28.72 | 28.60 | 28.60 | 20 |Thawing | 28.56 | 28.50 | 28.40 | 21 |Very high wind | 28.14 | 28.30 | 28.49 | 22 |Ice made across river last night | 29.00 | 28.73 | 28.83 | 23 |A little snow fell yesterday | 29.32 | 29.02 | 29.00 | 24 |River entirely closed with ice | 28.93 | 28.80 | 28.50 | 25 |Stratus in horizon at midnight | 28.64 | | | 26 |Frost last night | 28.58 | 28.31 | 28.51 | 27 |Frost last night | 28.68 | | | 28 |Windy, slight snow. Icy particles | 28.80 | 28.57 | 28.84 | |in air | | | | 29 |Frost last night | 28.84 | 28.80 | 28.66 | 30 |A little snow last night | 28.98 | 28.95 | 28.95 | 31 |Snow ¼ inch to-day | 28.83 | 28.50 | 28.54 | -----+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+====================================================================== | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+---------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- 1 | Cs, | N.W. | C, | W. | Fair | 2 | Cs, | | Cs, | | Fair | 3 | Fair | | Fair | | Fair | 4 | C, | N.W. | C, | | Cs, | 5 | Ns, | S. | Ns. | | Ns. | 6 | Ns. | | Ns. | N. & S. | Ns, | 7 | C, | W.N.W. | Cs, | W.N.W. | Cs, | 8 | Ns. | W. | Ns. | | Cml, | N.W. 9 | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. 10 | Ns. | S.E. | Ns. | | Ns, | 11 | Ns. | S.E. | Ns. | S.E. | Ns. | S.E. 12 | Ns. | | Ns. | | Ns. | | | | | | | 13 | Cml. | W.N.W. | Ns. | N.W. | Ns. | N.W. 14 | Ns. | N.W. | Ns. | N.W. | Ns. | N.W. 15 | Fair | | Cml, | N.N.W. | Ns. | | | | | | | 16 | Ns, | | Ns. | | Ns. | N.W. 17 | Fair | | C, Cml, | NW., SW. | C, | S.W. 18 | Ns. | | Ns. | | Ns. | 19 | Fair | | Fair | | C, | 20 | C, | | Cs, | W.N.W. | Ns, | 21 | Cml, | N.W. | Ns, | N.W. | Cs, | N.W. 22 | Ns. | | Ns. | | Ns. | 23 | Cs, | S.W. | Cs, | S.W. | C, | S.W. 24 | Fair | | C, | | Cs, | N.W. 25 | C, | N.W. | C, | | C, | 26 | Fair | | Fair | | Fair | 27 | C, | | Cs. | | Cs. | 28 | Ns. | | Fair | | Fair | | | | | | | 29 | Cs, | N.W. | C, | N.W. | Cs, | N. 30 | Ns, | N. | Ns, | N. | | 31 | Ns. | | Ns. | | Cml, | N.W. -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--December 30th. This morning at sunrise there appeared two images of the sun about 22° or 23° N. and S. of, and in a horizontal line with the sun; the whole sky being obscured by dense cloud: neither the images nor the sun appeared very distinct, but presented the appearance of luminous spots. The appearance continued until about 11 o'clock.--This evening at half past five o'clock, a similar phenomenon accompanied the moon.--Around her there was a halo or luminous circle of about 45° in diameter. In the circumference of this circle, on each side the moon and in a horizontal line with her, there appeared an image similar to those described of the sun, though not quite so distinct. They did not continue long.

December 5th, fall of rain 1-16th of an inch.

{lviii} _Meteorological Register_ {lix} _for the Month of_ JANUARY, 1820

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean | Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | 16 | N.W. | 22 | N.W. | 20 | N.W. | 19 | 2 | 13 | N.W. | 24 | N.W. | 18 | N.W. | 18 | 3 | 4 | S.E. | 35 | S.E. | 28 | N.W. | 22 | 4 | 13 | N.E. | 31 | N.W. | 21 | N.W. | 21 | 5 | 0 | S.E. | 24 | S.E. | 19 | S.E. | 14 | 6 | 20 | S.E. | 32 | S.E. | 28 | S.E. | 26 | 7 | 16 | N.W. | 40 | Calm | 35 | N.W. | 30 | 8 | 24 | N.W. | 32 | N.N.E. | 27 | N.W. | 27 | 9 | 7 | N.N.W. | 14 | N.W. | 14 | N.W. | 11 | 10 | -8 | N.W. | 3 | N.W. | -3 | N.W. | -3 | 11 | -16 | N.W. | -2 | N.W. | -3 | N.W. | -7 | 12 | 7 | S.E. | 32 | S.E. | 36 | N.W. | 25 | | | | | | | | | 13 | 10 | N.W. | 17 | N.W. | 13 | N.W. | 13 | 14 | 2 | N.W. | 21 | N.W. | -1 | N.W. | 8 | 15 | -14 | N.W. | -5 | N. | -5 | N. | -8 | 16 | -9 | N.W. | 4 | N.W. | 1 | N.W. | -1 | 17 | -9 | S.E. | 11 | S.E. | 11 | Sy. | -4 | 18 | -13 | N.W. | 9 | N.W. | 1 | N.W. | -1 | 19 | 1 | N.N.E. |9½ | N.E. | 2 | N.W. | 4 | 20 | -5 | S.E. | 9 | S.E. | 11 | S.E. | -5 | 21 | 10 | N.W. | 13 | N.W. | 1 | N.W. | 8 | | | | | | | | | 22 | -15 | N.W. | 11 | N.W. | -8 | N.W. | -4 | 23 | -9 | S.E. | 11 | S.E. | 12 | S.E. | 5 | 24 | 19 | N.W. | 34 | N.W. | 19 | N.W. | 20 | 25 | -5 | S.E. | 23 | S.E. | 23 | S.E. | 13 | 26 | 26 | N.W. | 33 | N.W. | 21 | N.W. | 26 | 27 | 19 | N.W. | 23 | N.W. | 4 | N.W. | 15 | 28 | -15 | S.E. | 9 | S.E. | 5 | S.E. | 0 | 29 | 6 | S.E. | 12 | N.W. | -3 | N.W. | 5 | 30 | -26 | S.E. | -2 | S.E. | 0 | N.W. | -9 | 31 | -2 | N.W. | -3 | N.W. | -11 | N.W. | -5 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+=======+====================================+=======================+ | Mean | | BAROMETER | | Temp. | +-----------------------+ Day | at | | | of |German-| +-------+-------+-------+ Month| town | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | 12 |Little snow fell to-day | 28.58 | 28.77 | 28.87 | 2 | 21 | | 29.00 | 28.91 | 29.00 | 3 | -- |Mild and fair | 28.98 | 28.76 | 28.87 | 4 | 26 | | 29.04 | 28.97 | 29.03 | 5 | 25 |Fresh winds | 29.19 | 29.02 | 29.04 | 6 | 18 |A little snow at evening | 28.88 | 28.74 | 28.66 | 7 | 23 |Thawing | 28.60 | 28.44 | 28.57 | 8 | 35 |Snow in flakes at evening | 28.80 | 28.74 | 28.85 | 9 | 35 |Windy. Snow ½ inch last night | 29.14 | 29.04 | 29.10 | 10 | 27 |Windy. Slight snow last night | 29.15 | 29.12 | 29.21 | 11 | 29 |Moderate wind | 29.48 | 29.27 | 29.21 | 12 | 22 |Strong wind, A.M. Little rain and | 28.63 | 28.58 | 28.62 | | |snow, P.M. | | | | 13 | 17 |Snow, P.M. | 28.77 | 28.75 | 28.78 | 14 | 26 |Fresh wd. Snow 6 inches last night | 28.97 | 28.97 | 29.13 | 15 | 31 |Fresh wind | 29.40 | 29.40 | 29.40 | 16 | 25 | | 29.22 | 28.98 | 28.96 | 17 | 35 |Snow ¼ inch at night | 28.82 | 28.76 | 28.86 | 18 | 25 |Light wind | 29.06 | 28.93 | 28.90 | 19 | 27 |Snow 1 inch last night | 28.83 | 28.83 | 28.86 | 20 | 22 |Windy. Snow storm from 9 A.M. | 28.70 | 28.59 | 28.60 | 21 | 25 |Snow till 3 P.M. Snow 5 inches on | 28.85 | 28.99 | 29.15 | | |19th & 20th | | | | 22 | 33 |Light winds | 29.33 | 29.27 | 29.26 | 23 | 29 |Windy. Thermom. at 17°, P.M. | 29.05 | 28.95 | 28.96 | 24 | 20 | | 29.19 | 29.15 | 29.19 | 25 | 30 |Windy | 29.08 | 28.95 | 28.84 | 26 | 23 |Snow last night 4½ inches | 28.42 | 28.42 | 28.61 | 27 | 32 |Light breezes. Snow | 28.78 | 28.85 | 28.96 | 28 | 36 |Windy | 28.90 | 28.77 | 28.80 | 29 | 21 |Windy. A lit. snow, A.M. | 28.75 | 28.71 | 28.95 | 30 | 32 | | 29.07 | 28.95 | 28.93 | 31 | 30 |Windy, A.M. | 29.30 | 29.38 | 29.41 | -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+====================================================================== | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+---------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- 1 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cs. | -- 2 | Ns, | -- | C, | N.W. | Cs, | -- 3 | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. | Fair | -- 4 | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- | C, | W. 5 | C, | N.W. | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 6 | Cs. | N. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 7 | Cs, | -- | C, | -- | Cs, | -- 8 | Cs. | -- | Ns. | N.E. | Ns. | -- 9 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 10 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 11 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 12 | Ns. | W.N.W. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 13 | Ns | N.W. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 14 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | C, | -- 15 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 16 | Ns. | -- | Cml. | -- | -- | -- 17 | Cs, | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 18 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Hazy | -- 19 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cs. | -- 20 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 21 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cml, | -- | | | | | | 22 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 23 | Cs, | W.N.W. | Cml, | -- | Cs, | W.N.W. 24 | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs. | W. 25 | Ns. | S.W. | Cml, | S.S.W. | Cml, | S.S.W. 26 | Ns. | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- 27 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cs, | -- 28 | C, | S.W. | C, | S.W. | Cs, | -- 29 | Cml, | S.E. | Cs, | N. | Cs, | -- 30 | C, | -- | C, | -- | Cs, | -- 31 | Cs, | W.N.W. | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--January 18th. This morning a parhelion appeared around the sun as he rose, consisting of a mock sun, or image of the sun on each side of him in a horizontal line. From the image northward of the sun there issued a cone of light, the vertex of which was directed from the sun. There was no halo, and the mock suns were not well defined by any outline, though the morning was fair, and the sun shone bright. At eight o'clock the distance of the mock suns from each other, measured by a sextant, was found to be 44° 40´. At half past eight they had assumed the appearance of extended planes perpendicular to the horizon, and about 5° or 6° in length; breadth a little more than sun's diameter; soon after which they disappeared. N. B. See _Remarkable Phenomena_ continued, on page lxviii [our page 288], at the conclusion of the _Meteorological Register_.

{xlviii} _Meteorological Register_ {lxi} _for the Month of_ FEBRUARY, 1820

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean | Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | -12 | S.E. | -3 | S.E. | -3 | S.E. | -6 | 2 | 0 | N.W. | 7 | N.W. | -2 | N.W. | 2 | 3 | -5 | S.E. | 13 | S.E. | 20 | S.E. | 9 | 4 | 4 | S.E. | 30 | S.E. | 33 | S.E. | 22 | | | | | | | | | 5 | 39 | S.E. | 45 | S.E. | 19 | N.W. | 34 | 6 | 7 | S.E. | 35 | S.E. | 29 | S.E. | 23 | 7 | 4 | S.E. | 33 | S.E. | 34 | S.E. | 23 | 8 | 21 | N.W. | 33 | N.E. | 31 | N.W. | 28 | | | | | | | | | 9 | 23 | S.E. | 41 | S.E. | 31 | S.E. | 31 | 10 | 12 | S.E. | 31 | S.E. | 38 | S.E. | 27 | 11 | 31 | S.E. | 44 | W.N.W. | 34 | N.N.W. | 36 | 12 | 26 | N.W. | 35 | S.E. | 31 | S.E. | 30 | 13 | 33 | S.E. | 46 | S.E. | | S.E. | | | | | | | | | | 14 | 34 | N.W. | 35 | N.W. | 37 | N.W. | 35 | | | | | | | | | 15 | 33 | S.E. | 39 | S.E. | 44 | S.E. | 38 | | | | | | | | | 16 | 32 | N.W. | 33 | N.W. | 29 | N.W. | 34 | | | | | | | | | 17 | 20 | N.W. | 34 | S.E. | 31 | S.E. | 28 | 18 | 27 | S.E. | 30 | S.E. | 30 | S.E. | 29 | 19 | 26 | N.W. | 23 | N.W. | 25 | N.W. | 24 | 20 | 20 | N.W. | 34 | N.W. | 30 | N.W. | 28 | 21 | 33 | S.E. | 51 | S.E. | 47 | S.E. | 43 | | | | | | | | | 22 | 35 | N.W. | 45 | S.E. | 37 | S.E. | 39 | 23 | 33 | N.W. | 47 | N.W. | 38 | N.W. | 39 | 24 | 30 | S.E. | 54 | S.E. | 39 | N.W. | 41 | | | | | | | | | 25 | 33 | N.W. | 44 | N.W. | 35 | N.W. | 37 | | | | | | | | | 26 | 25 | N.W. | 39 | N.W. | 35 | N.W. | 33 | 27 | 21 | N.W. | 44 | N.W. | 40 | N.W. | 35 | 28 | 34 | Calm | 57 | S.E. | 49 | W.N.W. | 46 | 29 | 22 | N.W. | 60 | S.E. | 55 | W.N.W. | 45 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+=======+====================================+=======================+ | Mean | | BAROMETER | | Temp. | +-----------------------+ Day | at | | | of |German-| +-------+-------+-------+ Month| town | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | 8 |A little snow, A.M. and windy | 29.06 | 28.87 | 28.81 | 2 | 21 |Fresh winds | 28.80 | 28.77 | 28.88 | 3 | 33 |Windy | 28.85 | 28.69 | 28.67 | 4 | 28 |Windy. Thermom. 34°, P.M. Snow | 28.84 | 28.65 | 28.60 | | |melting | | | | 5 | 24 |Thawing at noon | 28.32 | 28.22 | 28.72 | 6 | 40 |Fresh wind. Thawing | 29.00 | 28.87 | 28.72 | 7 | 32 |Damp & foggy. Light winds. | 28.95 | 28.76 | 28.83 | 8 | 35 |Damp and foggy. Icy particles | 28.75 | 28.60 | 28.69 | | |falling all day | | | | 9 | 31 |Snow and ice melting | 28.86 | 28.83 | 28.79 | 10 | 22 |Snow and ice melting | 28.84 | 28.58 | 28.66 | 11 | 31 |Snow and ice melting | 28.60 | 28.33 | 28.50 | 12 | 33 |Little rain and snow | 28.80 | 28.50 | 28.60 | 13 | 49 |Rain & hail last night. Windy and | 28.33 | 28.16 | | | |warm to-day | | | | 14 | 42 |Violent wind all day with a little | 28.24 | 28.26 | 28.33 | | |snow | | | | 15 | 51 |Snow chiefly melted A little snow | 28.24 | 28.00 | 27.80 | | |fell | | | | 16 | 41 |Violent wind last night & to-day, | 27.96 | 28.21 | 28.43 | | |with some snow | | | | 17 | 49 |Moderate winds | 28.76 | 28.55 | 28.66 | 18 | 38 |Windy | 28.86 | 28.73 | 28.55 | 19 | 29 |Violent wind last nt. | 28.44 | 28.69 | 28.89 | 20 | 37 |Moderate wind | 28.96 | 28.86 | 28.87 | 21 | 32 |Thermometer at 55° Ice rapidly | 28.74 | 28.50 | 28.42 | | |melting | | | | 22 | 39 |Fresh brs. Ice melting | 28.53 | 28.47 | 28.49 | 23 | 44 |Windy and squally Geese flying north| 28.16 | 28.19 | 28.40 | 24 | 53 |Light breezes. Geese passing | 28.30 | 28.07 | 28.08 | | |northwardly | | | | 25 | 45 |Light breezes. Ducks passing down | 28.11 | 27.96 | 28.05 | | |river | | | | 26 | 48 |Snow last night ⅛th inch | 28.21 | 28.25 | 28.38 | 27 | 51 |Frost last night | 28.67 | 28.58 | 28.63 | 28 | 41 |Frost last night | 28.87 | 28.73 | 28.73 | 29 | 32 |Frost abundant. River begins to open| 28.90 | 28.65 | 28.57 | -----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+====================================================================== | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+---------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------- 1 | Ns. | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- 2 | Cs. | -- | Cml, | -- | Fair | -- 3 | C, | N.W. | Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- 4 | C, | N.W. | C, | W.N.W. | C, | W.N.W. | | | | | | 5 | Cs, | W. | Cs, | -- | Cml, | -- 6 | Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- | Cml, | W.S.W. 7 | C, | -- | Fair | -- | C, | -- 8 | Ns. S. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 9 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 10 | C, | -- | C, | N.W. | Fair | -- 11 | C, | -- | C, | -- | C, | -- 12 | Cs. | -- | Fair | -- | C, | -- 13 | Cs, | -- | C, | -- | C, | -- | | | | | | 14 | Cs, | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 15 | Cs, Cml, | SSW, SSE | Ns. | S.S.E. | Cm, | -- | | | | | | 16 | Ns. | N.N.W. | Ns. | -- | Cs, | -- | | | | | | 17 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | C, | -- 18 | Cs. | N.N.W. | Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- 19 | Ns. | -- | Cml, | N.N.W. | C, | -- 20 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 21 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | | | | | | 22 | C, | -- | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W. 23 | Cs, | -- | Cms, | -- | Fair | -- 24 | Cs. | W.N.W. | Cs. | W.N.W. | C, Cs, | -- | | | | | | 25 | Cs, | -- | Cs, Cml, | S.W., N.W.| Ns, | -- | | | | | | 26 | Ns, | N.W. | Cs, Cml, | W., NNW. | Cs, | -- 27 | C, | -- | Cs, | -- | C, | -- 28 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | Fair | -- 29 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--15th, Lightning in N.E. this evening between 7 and 8 o'clock--clear sky--fresh S.E. wind. During the violent wind to-day the rain gauge was blown from its station and broken.

22d.--Halo around the moon this evening at 40´ past 6--ascertained its diameter to be 45° 8´. Cirrus cloud all over the sky.

23d.--Halo around the moon this evening also.

{lxii} _Meteorological Register_ {lxiii} _for the Month of_ MARCH, 1820

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+=======+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mean | | | | | | Temp. | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | at | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean |German-+ Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| town | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-------+ 1 | 20 | N.W. | 32 | N.W. | 21 | N.W. | 24 | 40 | 2 | 16 | N.W. | 26 | S.E. | 26 | Calm | 22 | 24 | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 21 | N.W. | 28 | N.W. | 24 | N.W. | 24 | 24 | 4 | 32 | S.W. | 50 | S.E. | 48 | N.W. | 43 | 31 | 5 | 30 | N.W. | 28 | N.W. | 25 | N.W. | 27 | 41 | 6 | 5 | N.W. | 13 | N.W. | 9 | N.W. | 9 | 44 | 7 | 6 | N.W. | 15 | N.W. | 14 | N.W. | 11 | 26 | 8 | 15 | N.W. | 16 | N.N.E. | 12 | N.W. | 14 | 28 | 9 | 24 | N.W. | 23 | E.S.E. | 24 | S.E. | 23 | 31 | 10 | 20 | Calm | 35 | S.E. | 34 | S.E. | 29 | 33 | | | | | | | | | | 11 | 28 | S.E. | 23 | S.E. | 25 | S.E. | 25 | 27 | 12 | 31 | S.E. | 42 | S.E. | 37 | S.E. | 36 | 27 | 13 | 32 | N.W. | 46 | N.W. | 40 | N.W. | 39 | 34 | 14 | 19 | N.W. | 33 | N.W. | 32 | Calm | 28 | 46 | 15 | 22 | N.W. | 39 | N.W. | 34 | N.W. | 31 | 36 | 16 | 21 | S.E. | 51 | N.W. | 43 | N.W. | 38 | 40 | 17 | 24 | N.W. | 45 | N.W. | 36 | Calm | 35 | 43 | 18 | 34 | S.E. | 61 | S.E. | 58 | S.E. | 51 | 40 | | | | | | | | | | 19 | 39 | N.W. | 48 | N.W. | 41 | N.W. | 42 | 39 | 20 | 25 | Calm | 48 | N.W. | 41 | Calm | 38 | 44 | 21 | 25 | Calm | 58 | N.W. | 49 | N.W. | 44 | 42 | 22 | 34 | Calm | 67 | N.W. | 58 | N.W. | 53 | 43 | 23 | 38 | S.E. | 65 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 57 | 48 | 24 | 55 | S.E. | 65 | S. | 53 | S. | 57 | 54 | | | | | | | | | | 25 | 38 | N.W. | 51 | N.W. | 46 | N.W. | 45 | 56 | 26 | 38 | N.W. | 40 | N.W. | 42 | N.W. | 40 | 57 | | | | | | | | | | 27 | 29 | Calm | 56 | S.E. | 45 | S.E. | 43 | 57 | 28 | 39 | S.E. | 45 | E. | 38 | N.E. | 40 | 50 | 29 | 28 | N.W. | 34 | N. | 32 | N.E. | 31 | 51 | 30 | 28 | S.E. | 56 | S.E. | 52 | S. | 45 | 34 | 31 | 35 | Calm | 57 | N.E. | 40 | N.E. | 44 | 34 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-------+

=====+========+====================================+=======================+ |Rise or | | | |fall of | | | |Missouri| | BAROMETER | |in last | +-----------------------+ Day |24 hours| | | of +--------+ +-------+-------+-------+ Month| Inc. | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | -12 |Violent winds | 29.27 | 29.27 | 29.50 | 2 | + 1 |Frost last night. Icy particles | 29.42 | 29.10 | 29.00 | | |falling in the morning | | | | 3 | + 5½ |Strong wind. A little snow | 28.90 | 28.90 | 28.94 | 4 | + 5 |Frost last night. Fresh wind | 28.67 | 28.84 | 28.84 | 5 | - 2 |Very clear sky all day | 28.88 | 28.75 | 28.86 | 6 | + 2½ |Snow ¾ inch last night | 29.14 | 29.04 | 29.12 | 7 | +27½ |Frost last night | 29.16 | 29.10 | 29.16 | 8 | +20 |Frost last night | 29.32 | 29.18 | 29.20 | 9 | + 4 |Frost last night | 29.14 | 28.96 | 28.98 | 10 | - 5 |Fresh wind. No geese, few ducks | 29.20 | 29.18 | 29.18 | | |flying | | | | 11 | - 1½ |Violent winds. Snow ¾ inch | 29.20 | 29.14 | 29.00 | 12 | + 7 |Moderate winds | 28.95 | 28.80 | 28.74 | 13 | + ½ |Rain last night | 28.74 | 28.62 | 28.55 | 14 | - 6 |Frost last nt. Riv. break. up | 28.76 | 28.67 | 28.67 | 15 | - 5 |Frost last night | 28.89 | 28.81 | 28.84 | 16 | - 3 |Do. Moderate winds | 28.94 | 28.72 | 28.77 | 17 | - 3¼ |Do. Light and var. winds | 29.05 | 28.90 | 28.90 | 18 | -14¼ |River open. Geese, swans, ducks, | 28.82 | 28.60 | 28.50 | | |&c. flying up | | | | 19 | - 1½ |A little rain, A.M. | 28.75 | 28.75 | 28.88 | 20 | - 1½ |A little rain, P.M. | 29.10 | 28.90 | 28.83 | 21 | + 5 |Frost. Geese, &c. flying Nly. | 28.88 | 28.74 | 28.48 | 22 | +10 |Moderate wind | 28.38 | 28.25 | 28.49 | 23 | +42 |Violent wind all day | 28.58 | 28.26 | 28.20 | 24 | +40 |High wind, A.M. Showers P.M. Light | 28.30 | 28.30 | 28.40 | | |in N.E. even. | | | | 25 | +10 |Drizzly, A.M. | 28.62 | 28.52 | 28.50 | 26 | -12 |Heavy rain till 7 A.M. Some rain | 28.31 | 28.37 | 28.60 | | |and snow afterwards | | | | 27 | +10 |Frost last nt. A lit. rain P.M. | 28.90 | 28.90 | 28.90 | 28 | - 4½ |Rain occas. through the day | 28.87 | 28.91 | 29.02 | 29 | - 6 |Fresh winds | 29.27 | 29.30 | 29.28 | 30 | - 2 |Heavy frost last night | 29.03 | 28.89 | 28.72 | 31 | + 6 |Windy P.M. and all night | 28.53 | 28.60 | 28.34 | -----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+===================================================================== | | | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------- 1 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 2 | C, | N.W. | Cs, | -- | C, | -- | | | | | | 3 | Ns, | N.N.E. | Cml, | N.N.E. | Cml, | -- 4 | C, | -- | C, | -- | Cs, | -- 5 | Fair | -- | C, | N.W. | Cs, | N. 6 | Cs. | -- | Cml, | N.E. | C, | -- 7 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 8 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 9 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Cs, | -- 10 | Cs, | S.E. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 11 | Ns | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 12 | Ns. S | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 13 | Ns. S | -- | Cs, | -- | Ns, | -- 14 | Cml, | N.N.W. | Cml, | N.N.W. | Cml, |N.N.W. 15 | Cs. | W.N.W. | Cs. | W.N.W. | Cs, |W.N.W. 16 | Fair | -- | Cml, | -- | Cml, | -- 17 | Cs | N.N.W. | Cs, | N.N.W. | Cs, | -- 18 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | Cs, | -- | | | | | | 19 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cml, | W. 20 | Fair | -- | Cml. | N. | Cml, | N. 21 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | C, | -- 22 | C, | N.W. | C, | W. | Cml, | -- 23 | Cs. | -- | Cs. | S.E. | Cs, | W. 24 | Cs, | S.W. | Ns. | -- | Cml, | -- | | | | | | 25 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cs, | S. 26 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cml, | -- | | | | | | 27 | Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- 28 | Cml, | -- | Ns, | E. | Cs. | -- 29 | Cml, | N.W. | Cml, | -- | Cml, | -- 30 | C, | N.W. | Fair | -- | Cml, | W. 31 | Fair | -- | C, Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--Halo around the moon on the evening of the 21st.--Continued several hours. Same on the evening of the 23d, from 7 till 11 o'clock.

The ice on the Missouri broke and commenced moving on the 29th February; but a few days after it blocked up and continued stationary until the 14th of the present month, when it began to move again; and on the 18th it was entirely open and clear of ice. In this register an extra column is added, containing the daily rise or fall of the river. The sign--denotes the fall of the water during the last twenty-four hours, and the sign + denotes its rise during the same length of time. When the register was commenced the river was three feet above the low-water mark, or its lowest stage in the winter. Therefore on the 25th, when it was highest this month, it was thirteen feet five inches above its lowest stage in the winter.

{lxiv} _Meteorological Register_ {lxv} _for the Month of_ APRIL, 1820

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+=======+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mean | | | | | | Temp. | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | at | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean |German-+ Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| town | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-------+ 1 | 29 | N.N.E. | 28 | N.W. | 20 | N.W. | 25 | 52 | 2 | 15 | N.N.E. | 38 | N.W. | 27 | N.W. | 24 | 32 | 3 | 14 | Calm | 41 | S.E. | 46 | E. | 33 | -- | 4 | 40 | W.N.W. | 64 | N.W. | 51 | N.W. | 51 | -- | 5 | 29 | N.W. | 59 | N.W. | 49 | Calm | 45 | -- | 6 | 41 | S.E. | 65 | N.W. | 55 | N.W. | 53 | -- | | | | | | | | | | 7 | 41 | N.W. | 65 | N.W. | 52 | N.W. | 52 | 44 | | | | | | | | | | 8 | 32 | Calm | 57 | N.W. | 47 | N.W. | 45 | 46 | 9 | 40 | S.E. | 76 | S.E. | 70 | S.E. | 62 | 47 | 10 | 50 | S. | 79 | S. | 69 | N.W. | 66 | 57 | 11 | 49 | N.W. | 69 | N.W. | 59 | N.W. | 59 | -- | 12 | 35 | S.E. | 65 | S.E. | 64 | Calm | 54 | 56 | 13 | 48 | S.E. | 80 | S.E. | 72 | S.E. | 66 | 52 | 14 | 50 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 70 | Calm | 62 | 54 | 15 | 51 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 72 | S.E. | 64 | 55 | 16 | 49 | S.E. | 62 | S.E. | 64 | S.E. | 58 | 49 | 17 | 50 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 79 | S.E. | 65 | | 18 | 53 | S.E. | 82 | S.E. | 82 | S. | 72 | | 19 | 63 | S. | 79 | S.E. | | | | | 20 | 59 | S. | 65 | S.E. | 62 | Calm | 62 | | 21 | 54 | S.E. | 71 | N.W. | 74 | N.W. | 66 | | 22 | 55 | N.W. | 76 | S.E. | 70 | N.W. | 67 | | 23 | 58 | S.E. | 84 | S.E. | 83 | S.E. | 75 | | 24 | 65 | S.E. | 79 | S.E. | 80 | E.S.E. | 74 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 25 | 50 | N.W. | 52 | N.W. | 57 | N.W. | 53 | | 26 | 42 | N.W. | 63 | N.W. | 67 | N.W. | 57 | | 27 | 49 | N.W. | 67 | E.N.E. | 69 | E. | 61 | | 28 | 53 | S.E. | 59 | S.E. | 64 | S.E. | 58 | | 29 | 53 | S.E. | 65 | E.S.E. | 67 | E.S.E. | 61 | | 30 | 56 | S.E. | 68 | E. | 70 | E.S.E. | 64 | | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-------+

=====+========+====================================+=======================+ |Rise or | | | |fall of | | | |Missouri| | BAROMETER | |in last | +-----------------------+ Day |24 hours| | | of +--------+ +-------+-------+-------+ Month| Inc. | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | + 5 |A light snow fell to-day | 29.00 | 29.03 | 29.10 | 2 | - 7 |Geese, &c. flying S. to-day | 29.16 | 29.08 | 29.10 | 3 | - 3 |Large frost last night | 29.08 | 28.90 | 28.70 | 4 | + 12 |Strong wind | 28.30 | 28.38 | 28.56 | 5 | + 22 |Strong wind | 28.56 | 28.70 | 28.80 | 6 | + 5 |Very windy. Large hail fell before | 28.60 | 28.30 | 28.40 | | |sunrise | | | | 7 | - 9 |Windy. Light sprinkle of rain this | 28.45 | 28.56 | 28.73 | | |afternoon | | | | 8 | 0 |Strong wind | 28.94 | 28.75 | 28.84 | 9 | 0 |Windy | 28.66 | 28.36 | 28.10 | 10 | + 28 |Geese flying N. Strong wind | 28.00 | 27.44 | 27.50 | 11 | + 12 |Strong wind | 28.32 | 28.32 | 28.39 | 12 | + 14 |Very strong wind | 28.48 | 27.94 | 28.35 | 13 | - 12 |Lt. in N. and N.W. Windy | 28.30 | 28.00 | 28.00 | 14 | - 16 |Rain and thunder in aftern. | 28.25 | 28.05 | 27.90 | 15 | - 7½ |Fresh wind. Lightn. in N. W | 28.20 | 28.10 | 28.10 | 16 | - 4 |Rainy | 28.40 | 28.25 | 28.20 | 17 | - 4½ |Lightning last night | 28.23 | 28.05 | 27.96 | 18 | - 5½ |Fresh wind | 28.03 | 27.60 | 27.72 | 19 | - 3 |Strong wind | 27.40 | 27.40 | | 20 | - 2½ |Strong wind | 28.30 | 28.30 | 28.33 | 21 | - 3 |Fresh breeze | 28.40 | 28.20 | 28.10 | 22 | - 3 |Wind very strong at mid-day | 28.40 | 27.94 | 28.08 | 23 | 0 |Strong wind | 28.25 | 27.60 | 27.15 | 24 | - 2 |Fresh wind. Violent rain and hail | 27.97 | 27.76 | 27.77 | | |storm after sunset, ⅓ inch rain in | | | | | |one hour | | | | 25 | - ½ |Rain to-day | 28.54 | 28.60 | 28.50 | 26 | - 3 |Fresh breeze | 28.62 | 28.41 | 28.26 | 27 | - 2½ | | 28.59 | 28.31 | 28.24 | 28 | - 1½ |Fresh wind in morning | 28.68 | 28.50 | 28.52 | 29 | - ½ | | 28.76 | 28.54 | 28.50 | 30 | - 8½ | | 28.89 | 28.65 | 28.53 | -----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+===================================================================== | | | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------- 1 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cs. | -- 2 | Fair | -- | Cs. | -- | Fair | -- 3 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Cs, | -- 4 | Cs, | -- | Cml, | N.W. | Fair | -- 5 | Fair | -- | Cml, | -- | C, | N.W. 6 | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- | | | | | | 7 | Fair | -- | Cm, | N.W. | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 8 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | Cs, | -- 9 | C, | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 10 | C, Cm, | W.N.W. | C, | N.W. | Cml, | N.W. 11 | C, | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | N.W. 12 | Cml, | -- | Cml, | S.W. | Cml, | S.W. 13 | Cml, | N.W. | -- | -- | Cs, Cm, | S.W. 14 | Ns, | S. | Ns. | -- | Cs, | -- 15 | Cml, | S.W. | Cml, | -- | Ns. | -- 16 | Ns. | N.E. | Ns. | N.E. | Cs. | -- 17 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cml, | -- 18 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Cml, | S.W. 19 | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- | Cml, | -- 20 | Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- 21 | Fair | -- | Cml, | -- | Cs, | -- 22 | Fair | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- 23 | C, | -- | -- | -- | Cml, | -- 24 | Cml, Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- | | | | | | | | | | | | 25 | Cs. | -- | Cs, | -- | C, | -- 26 | Fair | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- 27 | C, | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- 28 | Cs. | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 29 | Cs. | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 30 | Cml, | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--20th, Halo and Corona around the moon.

In the hail storm of the 24th, hail stones fell of a very large size. One of the largest seen here was of the following dimensions, viz. length 2 inches, breadth 1½ inches, depth 1⅛ inches.

April 16th, fall of rain 3-10 inch.

{lxvi} _Meteorological Register_ {lxvii} _for the Month of_ MAY, 1820

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Day | MORNING | MID-DAY | EVENING | | of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean + Month|Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| Wind |Temp.| -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+ 1 | 57 | N.W. | 74 | N.W. | 71 | N.W. | 67 | 2 | 54 | S.E. | 76 | S.E. | 75 | S.E. | 68 | 3 | 59 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 67 | S.E. | 65 | 4 | 64 | S.E. | 64 | N.W. | 61 | N.W. | 63 | | | | | | | | | 5 | 50 | N.W. | 69 | N.W. | 70 | S.S.E. | 64 | 6 | 54 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 70 | S.E. | 64 | 7 | 40 | N.W. | 55 | N.W. | 51 | N.W. | 48 | | | | | | | | | 8 | 45 | S.E. | | S.E. | 59 | S.E. | | 9 | 51 | S.E. | 77 | N.W. | 65 | N.W. | 64 | 10 | 53 | S.E. | 59 | N.W. | 52 | N.W. | 54 | 11 | 46 | N.W. | 61 | N.W. | 63 | Calm | 56 | 12 | 56 | N.W. | 70 | N.W. | 64 | N.W. | 63 | 13 | 54 | N.W. | 67 | N.W. | 62 | N.W. | 61 | 14 | 50 | N.W. | 69 | N.W. | 64 | N.W. | 61 | 15 | 58 | S.E. | 67 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 63 | 16 | 59 | S.E. | 65 | S.E. | 61 | S.E. | 61 | | | | | | | | | 17 | 61 | S.E. | 70 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 66 | | | | | | | | | 18 | 59 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 63 | 19 | 56 | S.E. | 72 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 65 | 20 | 54 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 69 | S.E. | 63 | 21 | 56 | S.E. | 76 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 67 | 22 | 60 | S.E. | 77 | S.E. | 75 | S.E. | 70 | 23 | 60 | S.E. | 83 | S.E. | 77 | Calm | 73 | 24 | 67 | S.E. | 69 | S.E. | | E. | | | | | | | | | | 25 | 53 | E. | 67 | N.E. | | N.E. | 59 | 26 | 57 | N.W. | 68 | N.W. | 62 | N.W. | 62 | 27 | 50 | N.W. | 76 | N.W. | 72 | N.W. | 66 | 28 | 58 | N.W. | 79 | N.W. | 68 | N.W. | 68 | 29 | | | | | | | | 30 | 59 | S.E. | 73 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 67 | 31 | 58 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 63 | S.E. | 62 | -----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+========+====================================+=======================+ |Rise or | | | |fall of | | | |Missouri| | BAROMETER | |in last | +-----------------------+ Day |24 hours| | | of +--------+ +-------+-------+-------+ Month| Inc. | REMARKS |Morning| Noon |Evening| -----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+ 1 | +1 |P.M. few drops of rain | 28.80 | 28.46 | 28.44 | 2 | 0 | | 28.66 | 28.20 | 28.18 | 3 | -2½ |Fresh wind | 28.41 | 28.07 | 28.07 | 4 | +4½ |Violent storm last night with | 27.70 | 27.74 | 28.03 | | |thunder and lightning | | | | 5 | 0 | | 28.03 | 28.38 | 28.33 | 6 | +19 | | 28.59 | 28.31 | 28.03 | 7 | +26 |Rain last night, with thunder and | 28.23 | 28.29 | 28.81 | | |lightning. Strong wind | | | | 8 | -6 | | 28.72 | | 28.53 | 9 | -9 | | 28.60 | 28.08 | 28.37 | 10 | +19 | | 28.57 | 28.41 | 28.50 | 11 | +15 | | 28.63 | 28.40 | 28.40 | 12 | +8 | | 28.25 | 28.40 | 28.58 | 13 | -5 | | 28.26 | 28.70 | 28.75 | 14 | -5 | | 28.91 | 28.65 | 28.61 | 15 | -7 | | 28.80 | 28.63 | 38.70 | 16 | -7 |Storm last night of wind, rain, and | 28.80 | 28.73 | 28.73 | | |hail | | | | 17 | -6 |Rain last night, with much wind, | 28.60 | 28.25 | 28.30 | | |thunder and lightning | | | | 18 | -5 | | 28.37 | 28.30 | 28.24 | 19 | -7 | | 29.47 | 28.18 | 28.26 | 20 | -3 |Rainy | 28.47 | 28.33 | 28.27 | 21 | -6 | | 28.27 | 28.14 | 28.21 | 22 | 0 |Light breezes | 28.00 | 28.08 | 28.15 | 23 | +5½ | | 28.22 | 27.70 | 27.82 | 24 | +14 |Rain with high wind this evening. | 28.02 | 28.07 | | | |Thunder and lightning | | | | 25 | -64 | | 28.57 | 28.57 | 28.65 | 26 | -12 | | 28.55 | 28.68 | 28.60 | 27 | +1 | | 28.66 | 28.13 | 28.22 | 28 | +40 |Light winds | 28.48 | 28.00 | 28.29 | 29 | +30 |Light winds | | | | 30 | +15 |Light winds | 28.49 | 28.21 | 28.31 | 31 | -24 |Light winds | 28.76 | 28.47 | 28.66 | -----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+===================================================================== | | | MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS +-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------- Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------- Month| Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses | Clouds | Courses -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------- 1 | Cs. | -- | Cms. Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- 2 | Cs. | -- | Cm, | -- | Cs, | -- 3 | Cs. | -- | Cms. | -- | Cs. | -- 4 | Ns. | -- | Ns, | -- | Ns. | -- | | | | | | 5 | Cs, C, | -- | Cm. | -- | Cs, | -- 6 | Cs. | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- 7 | Cm, | -- | Cm, | -- | Fair | -- | | | | | | 8 | Cs, | -- | C, | W.N.W. | Cs, | -- 9 | Cs, | -- | Cm, | -- | Cml, | -- 10 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 11 | Ns | -- | Cml, | -- | Cs, | N.W. 12 | Cs, | N.W. | Cs, | N.W. | Cml, | N.W. 13 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | -- 14 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | C, | N.W. 15 | Cs. | -- | Cml. | -- | Cs, | N.W. 16 | Ns, | S.E. | Ns. | S.E. | Ns. | E.S.E. | | | | | | 17 | Ns. | -- | Ns, | S.E. | Cml. | S.E. | | | | | | 18 | Ns. | -- | Cml. | S.E. | Cml. | S.E. 19 | C, | -- | Ns, | S.E. | C, | -- 20 | Ns. | S.E. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- 21 | C, | -- | C, Cm, | S. | C, Cm, | S. 22 | Fair | -- | Cm, | S.W. | Cm, | -- 23 | Fair | -- | Cm. | -- | Cm, Cs, | -- 24 | C, | -- | C. Cs. | -- | Ns, | -- | | | | | | 25 | Ns. | -- | Cml, | -- | Cs, | -- 26 | Cs, | -- | Cml, | N.W. | Fair | -- 27 | Fair | -- | Cml, | N.W. | Cs, Cm, | -- 28 | Cml, | -- | Cm. | N.W. | Cm, | -- 29 | Fair | -- | Cs. | -- | Cm, | -- 30 | C, | -- | Cms, | -- | Cs. | -- 31 | C, | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs, | -- -----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

May 4th, fall of rain, ½ inch--10th, 1 inch--20th, ⅛ inch--24th, ¾ inch.

{lxviii} _Meteorological Register_

[_Remarkable Phenomena_ continued from page lix [our page 279].]

January 29th. Parhelion around the sun this afternoon, consisting of a halo circumscribing the sun, in the circumference of which appeared the mock suns, and in a horizontal line with the sun. The diameter of the halo was observed to be 45° 20´. To the N.E. of the sun there also appeared a luminous arch inverted, or having its convex part towards the sun, and its extremities directed from it. It was about 60° of a circle of a smaller periphery than the halo, and well defined. The part nearest the sun was found to be 48° 17´ distant from that luminary, so that it did not come in contact with the halo, but the points of their nearest approach were 25° 37´ apart. The halo was indistinct, except in the vicinity of the mock suns, where it was well defined. Time of making observations half past three o'clock, P.M. Thermometer at the same time 5°, Barometer 28.88, atmosphere hazy, thin light clouds about sun, fresh N.W. wind.

This evening soon after the moon rose, there being a thick haze or mist in the atmosphere about her, there appeared two luminous cones of a reddish cast, whose bases coincided with the moon's disc; the one extending with its vertex above the moon directed towards the zenith, and the other with its vertex below her approaching the horizon. At six o'clock the paraselene appeared complete, consisting of the halo of the same diameter as that around the sun this afternoon, the mock moons or images, and the inverted arch to the S.W. of the moon, and of the same size and distance from the moon as that which appeared with the parhelion above mentioned. From each mock moon there projected a cone of light, whose vertices were directed from the moon. Soon after these appeared two more cones issuing from the moon, one on each side of her in a horizontal direction. The length of the one projecting downwards was 8° 40´; that of the other three 2° 30´, they being equal in length. Thermometer when the observations on the moon were made stood at 5°, Barometer 29.00, fresh N.W. breeze, atmosphere hazy, no clouds visible about moon.

January 31st. Parhelion around the sun this morning, consisting of the mock suns only, which appeared soon after sunrise, the distance between them measured 44° 30´.

On the 12th the ice in the river was found to be 28 inches thick. Very little current where the measurement was made.

FOOTNOTES:

[98] The matter from this point to the end of the present volume, is reprinted from vol. ii of the Philadelphia edition (1823), where it appears as part ii.--ED.

VOCABULARIES

OF

INDIAN LANGUAGES

For the accuracy of the words in the following Vocabularies we have to rely upon the knowledge of the Indians or interpreters from whom we received them, having carefully noted them down on the spot, as they appeared to be pronounced. I have much pleasure in acknowledging the ready and important aid which I received from Mr. John Dougherty, at present Deputy Indian Agent for the Missouri; indeed, the Omawhaw, Shoshone and Upsaroka vocabularies are chiefly set down agreeably to his pronunciation.

The philologist will observe, that in these vocabularies, the guttural sound is indicated by a †, a nasal sound by an *, and a ‡ accompanying the letter j, shows that the French sound of that letter must be given to it.

T. SAY.

{lxx} VOCABULARY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES

==========+=======================+===================+===================== Head | Wah-tok-ta-ta, or Oto | Konza Language | O-maw-haw Language | Language | | | | | ----------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------- |na-so |ve-ach-re |pah Hair |na-to |pa-heu |pa-he Face |in-ja |in-da |e-ta Fore-head |pa |pah |pa Eye |ish-tah |ish-tah |ish-tah Nose |pa-so |pah |(same as _head_) Ear |nan-tois |nah-tah |ne-tah Lip |e-ha |e-hah |e-hah} }same Mouth |e |yeh or eh |e-hah} Chin |e-ko |egh |ra-ba-he Tooth |he |heh |ee Tongue |ra-za |yaa-sah |they-se or tha-se Beard |e-he |eh-hah-he |e-he Neck |ta-sha |tah-heu |pa-he (same as | | |_hair_) Skin |ho-ha |whugh-hah |ha Arm |a-grat-che |ah |ah Hand |na-wa |sha-geh |nom-ba Fingers |no name for the fingers|sha-geh-hah |sha-ga Nail |sha-ga |sha-geh-hu-hah |sha-ga-ha {lxxi} Leg|ho |sha-gah |naugh-pa-he Thigh |ra-ga |sha-gah-tun-gah |‡ja-guh Foot |ce |seh |se Toes |no name for the toes |se-hah |se-pa |collectively | | Copulation|wa-to | |wat-che Penis |ra |shang-a |‡ja Vulva |o-ya | |e-‡ja Meat |ta-to-ka |ta-do-kah |ta-no-ka Blood |wa-pa-ga |wah-pe |wa-me Heart |nan-tcha |na-cha |naun-da Bone |wa-ho |wa-heu |*y-he Horn |cha-ha |hah |ha Magician |wah-ho-ben-ne | |ne-ka-shing-guh-ho-ba Chief |wang-a-ge-he | |ne-ka-ga-he Man |wah-she-ga |ne-kos-shing-goh |no Old man |wa-sha-in-ga | |ish-a-ga Soldier |moi-a-ke-ta | |wa-na-sha Woman |nah-hak-ka |wa-kooh |wa-o Old woman |na-ak-shin-ya | |wa-o-‡jin-guh Boy |chin-to-ing-ya |she-do-shing-goh |no-‡jing-ga Friend |in-tar-ro | |ca-ga Girl |che-me-ing-ya |she-me-shing-goh |me-‡jing-ga Father |an-tcha |e-tah-cheh |da-da or da-da-ha {lxxii} |e-hong, the mother |e-nah |e-hong, the mother Mother | | | Son |e-ing-ya, the son |(See Boy) |e-‡jing-ga, his son | | | Daughter |e-ong-a, the daughter |(See Girl) |e-‡jong-ga, the | | |daughter Pretty |o-com-pe | |o-com-pe Ugly |o-com-pish-con-na | |o-com-pe-a-‡ja Child |che-ching-a |shing-goh-shing-goh|shinga-shinga | | | Brother |e-ena, elder brother |wes-son-gah |we-son-gah, younger | | |brother |e-song-a, younger | |‡je-na-ha, elder |brother | |brother Sister |e-tong-a, younger |wet-ton-geh |toing-ga |sister | | |e-onuh, elder do | | | | | God |wah-con-dah-- they |wak-kon-doh |wah-con-da |call the thunder the | | |same | | | | | {lxxiii} |wah-con-dah-pish-co-na,|wok-kon-doh-pe-she,|ish-ten-e-ke, bad Devil |bad god |bad spirit |spirit or witch | | | Heaven |wah-noh-a-tche nuh, |no corresponding |wa-noch-a-te, |town of spirits |word; |town of brave and | |wah-nahk-he-o- |generous spirits | |shonge-yah-re | | |--road of the dead | Hell |no name for this |no corresponding |wa-noch-a-tow- | |word in this |woin-pa-‡je, town | |language; |of poor or useless | |o-shon-geh-pe-she--|spirits | |bad road | Heat |tah-an-ah |mos-cheh |on-a-bre Cold |sne |sne-wah-cheh |sne Rain |ne-yu |ne-she-hue-ah |naun-she Snow |pah |pah-hue-ah |mah Ice |no-ha† |nah-heh |no-ha Hail |pa-so | |ma-se | | | | | | | | | Summer |to-ka | |no-gah Winter |pa-ne | |mah-ra-dong Morning |ha-ro-tach-tche | |cas-aht-te Evening |eh-ta-na | |paz-za | | | {lxxiv} |hang-wa | |om-bah Day | | | Night |hang-ha | |hon-da Sun |pe | |me-na-ca-ja | | | Moon |pe-tang-wa, sun that | |me-om-bah |gives light | | | | | Star |pe-kah-ha | |me-ca-a Earth |ma-ha | |mon-e-ka Water |ne | |ne | | | | | | Whiskey |pa-je-ne | |pa-ge-ne Medicine |man-cong | |uc-cong Mysterious|wah-ho-ne-ta | |†ho-ba medicine | | | Fire |pa-ja | |pa-da Wood |na | |‡jan Tree |na-bo-shra-ja, | |†her-a-ba-me |standing wood | | Bean |o-ne | |him-bar-rin-ga Leaf |nah-wa | |a-ba Maize |wa-to-ja | |wat-tan-ze Pumpkin |wat-twoing | |wat-tang {lxxv} |na-ha | |‡joh-noh-hah Bark | | | Tobacco |ra-ne | |ne-ne Hazlenuts |qua-ing-ya | |*a-‡jin-guh Hill |o-ha | |pa-ha | | | Valley |a-bras-ka | |o-‡je-nosh-ka | | | River |nesh-noug-a, running | |wa-tish-ka |water | | Spring |ne-wa-bru, water | |ne-hun-ga |springing up | | Gelding |shong-a? | |shong-ga-son- | | |ga-en-ne Horse |shong-to-ka? | |shon-ga-tun-ga Mare |shong-ming-ya | |shon-ga-min-ga Colt |shong-shing-ya | |shon-to-‡jin-guh | | | Dog |shong-o-ka-ne, | |she-no-ta |unmeaninghorse | | Wolf |shong-tung | |shong-tun-guh Fox |mes-ra-ka | |ma-nik-o-shier Bird |wa-ing-ya | |wash-ing-guh Turkey |wa-ek-kung-ja | |ze-ze-kah War eagle |he-ra | |†he-ra-ska Buck elk | | |om-pa-nu-gah | | | Doe | | |om-pa-min-gah {lxxvi} | | | Egg |e-tcha |et-tah |wa-tuh Buck deer | | |toch-ta-nu-gah Doe | | |toch-ta-min-gah | | | Fawn | | |toch-ta‡jinguh- | | |hin-gara-‡ja Fish |ho |ho |ho-ho Squirrel |ah-sin-ya | |sin-guh Prairie |man-ne-ho-ja |man-ne-†ho-da | dog | | | Snake |wa-cong |vatz-ah |wais-uh Bison |cha |ta | Otter |tosh-nong-ya | |nosh-noh Black |ta-sa-wa | |toch-ta-sin-ja-sa-ba tailed | | | deer | | | Bear |mon-ja |was-sah-ba |was-sa-ba Raccoon |me-ka | |me-ca Beaver |ra-way | |‡ja-ba Louse |ha |hah |ha Antelope |ta-to | |ta-tshu-guh Skunk |mon-ka | |mon-guh {lxxvii} |ta-gres-ka, deer that |no corresponding |tat-a-guh, fool deer Flea |is going |word | Muskrat |o-to-ak-ka | |sin-ja-sna-ja- | | |wa-ge-re Rabbit |mish-tsching-ya | |mas-tschin-ga Bow |man-to |shah-me-ja |man-da-san-ra Arrow |ma |mah |mah Knife |ma-he | |ma-he Pipe |ra-no-wa | |ne-ne-bah Canoe |pa-ja |pah-cheh |mon-de-ha-shin-ga House |che |teh |te Copper |ma-za-ze |mahs-es-se-he |mon-za-‡je-da | | | Stone |eng-ro |eh |e-eh Body |e-ro | | Iron |ma-za |mahs-suh |mon-za Yes |Hon-ja |hoo-eh |oh-hoh* | | | { No { { |He-a-ko, by the men | | | |hank-kash-eh |auns-kash-a |He-a-ka by the squaws | | None |ning-ya | |ning-ga White |ska |skoh |ska Red |shu-ja | |‡je-da Black |sa-wa |sah-beh |sah-ba Blue |to | |to Yellow |ze | |ze Light |ta-kong |haum-pah |o-go-om-ba Darkness |o-han-za |haum-o-pas-se |o-ga-ha-no-pa-sa Me |me-eh | |we I (_ego_)|| |be-ah | One |yon-ka |me-akh-che |me-ach-che Two |no-wa |nom-pah |nom-ba Three |ta-ne |yah-be-re |ra-be-ne Four |to-wa |toh-pah |to-ba Five |sa-ta |sah-tah |sat-ta Six |sha-qua |shahp-peh |shap-pa Seven |shah-a-muh |pa-om-bah |pa-num-ba | | | Eight |kra-ra-ba-na |pa-yah-be-re |pa-ra-be-ne Nine |shan-ka |shank-kuh |shon-ka | | | Ten |kra-ba-nuh |kera-brah, or |kra-ba-ra | |ker-a-be-rah | Eleven |a-gen-ne-yon-ka |ah-re-me-akh-che |a-gar-e-me Twelve |a-gen-ne-no-wa |ah-re-nom-pah |a-gar-e-num-ba ----------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------

==========+=================+================ Head | Sioux, (Yancton | Min-ne-ta-re, | band,) Lang. | or Gros ventre | | Language ----------+-----------------+---------------- |pah |an-too Hair |pa-ha |ar-ra Face |e-ta | Fore-head |e-ta-ho |e-re Eye |ish-tah |ish-tah Nose |pa-so |a-pah Ear |nong-ko-pa |la-hoch-e Lip |e-ha | Mouth |ee |e-eep-chap-pah Chin |e-ko | Tooth |he |ee(teeth) Tongue |cha-dzhe |neigh-‡je Beard |po-te-he |a-poo-te Neck |ta-ho |a-peh | | Skin |ha |laugh-pa Arm |is-to |arrough Hand |na-pa |shan-te Fingers |nap-cho-pa |shan-te-ich-po Nail |sha-ka |ich-po {lxxi} Leg|ho |eh-ta-whir-ta Thigh |cha-cha |e-re-ke Foot |ce-ha |it-se Toes |ces-has-ta |it-se-shan-ke | | Copulation|tow-e-tong |e-e-pe Penis |cha |e-re Vulva |so-so |sher-rah Meat |ta-do |cu-ruc-tschit-te Blood |oua |eh-re Heart |shan-ta |nah-tah Bone |ho, same as leg |e-rouh Horn |heh or ha |an-‡je Magician | | Chief | | Man |we-cha-sha |mat-tza Old man |we-chach-chah |e-tan-ca Soldier | | Woman |we-ah |me-ya Old woman |wa-konk-ka |ga-no Boy |ho-ke-she-na |shi-kan-‡ja Friend | | Girl |we-chin-cha-no |me-ya-kan-‡ja Father |at-cu-cu |tan-ta {lxxii} |hu-co |e-ka Mother | | Son |che-het-co |mou-ri-sha | | Daughter |we-tach-nong |ma-cath | | Pretty |o-yuk-co-pe |e-ta-suk-es Ugly |o-yuk-she-sha |e-ta-e-she-es Child |ok-che-cho-pa |man-on-gah, | |children Brother |ho-cowng-‡je- |be-a-cah, elder |co-che-a, my |Mat-tso-ga, |elder brother |younger | | Sister |tow-in-och-te |mat-to-me-ya | |elder, mat-tak- | |ke-e-‡je, | |younger God |wa-ca-tun-ca, |man-ho-pa, |the Great Spirit |Great Spirit | | | | {lxxiii} |wa-con-she-cheh, |no Devil |bad spirit |corresponding | |word Heaven |wan-ach-a-te-pa, |a-pah-he, good |house of spirits |village | | | | | | Hell |no word for this |no | |corresponding | |word | | | | Heat |oh-de-de-ta |ar-rase Cold |sne |ce-re-a Rain |ma-ha-‡jou |†har-a Snow |wah |mah-pa Ice |cha-†hah |me-†roh-†he Hail |was-so |mah-pe-ich-te- | |et-snow large | |har-a-a-pa rain | |together Summer |min-to-ca-to |ma-pus-a-gus Winter |wah-ne-ah-to |ma-la Morning |he-han-na |ker-aug-co-tah Evening |eh-ti-a-to |oh-pah | | {lxxiv} |aung-pa |mah-pah, very Day | |like snow Night |haha-pe |oh-se-us Sun |oue |mah-pe-me-ne, | |sun of day Moon |ha-ya-to-we |oh-se-a-me-ne, | |sun of night | | Star |weh-chah-pe |e-kah Earth |mong-ca |a-mah Water |me-ne |me-ne | | | | Whiskey | | Medicine | | Mysterious| | medicine | | Fire |pa-ta |be-ras Wood |cha* |be-ra Tree |cha-on-ge-na, |be-ra-ech-te-et |one wood alone | Bean | | Leaf |wah†-pa |a-pa-bat-to-se Maize | | Pumpkin | | {lxxv} |chang-ha |es-sche Bark | | Tobacco |chan-te |ow-pa Hazlenuts | | Hill |†ha-a-ca |avo-ca-ve-car- | |ish-ta Valley |se-mong-ca |a-man-she-e-pe, | |a bushy ravine River |wa-co-pa |an-ge | | Spring |cak-ce-za |ma-ha | | Gelding |shon-ko-wa-cong |it-ze-mat-shu-ga | | Horse |shong-min-to-ca |an-‡ju-ca-ba-tu Mare |shong-we-a-nong |be-ca Colt |shong-che-na |it-ze-bu-zu-ga- | |non-ga Dog |shon-ka |mat-shu-ga | | Wolf |shunk-to-ka-cheh |sa-‡ja Fox |cha-to-ka-na |ih-hoc-ca-‡je Bird |ze-ca-no |sa-can-ga Turkey | | War eagle | | Buck elk |heh-ha-ka |ma-ron-ga-ca- | |re-pe Doe |o-pong |ma-ron-ga-be-ca {lxxvi} | | Egg |weet-ca ga |sa-can-ga-non-ko Buck deer |ta-min-do-ca |se-e-ka-tuc-ke Doe |ta-we-a-nong |se-e-ka-tuc-ke- | |be-ca Fawn |ta-che-cha-na |se-e-ka-tuc-ke- | |non-ga Fish |ho-hung |bo-a Squirrel | | Prairie | | dog | | Snake |wam-dosh-ka |ma-buc-sha Bison |ke-e-ra-pe | Otter |pet-tong |me-ra-po-ca Black | | tailed | | deer | | Bear |wa-hunk-ca-ce-cha|lah-pet-ze Raccoon |we-cha |me-ra-pa Beaver |cha-pa | Louse |ha-uh |a-tap-peh Antelope | | Skunk | | {lxxvii} |ha-nuh |sa-cas-ke Flea | | Muskrat | | | | Rabbit |mash-te-cha-nong |e-ta-ke Bow |e-ta-ze-pah |be-rah-hah Arrow |wang-hink-a-pa |e-tah Knife |me-na mat-ze | Pipe |chan-dow-ho-pa |eh-ke-pe Canoe |wa-tah |a-man-ta House |te-pe |a-te, Ind. lodge Copper |mas-ah-shah, or |o-was-sa-she-re |red iron | Stone |e-yong |me-e Body | | Iron |ma-ah |o-was-sa Yes |hah or toch |i, or | |ar-roch-o- bah { No { { | | |he-yah |na-‡jes | | None | | White |scah |ho-tech-ke Red |shah |ish-she Black |sa-pah |shu-pe-sha Blue |toe |ta-he Yellow |ze |she-re Light |oh-‡ja-‡jo |mah-pa-suh-kas Darkness |oh-yok ka-pa-za |oh-pa-‡je Me |me-ya | I (_ego_)|| |me-e One |wan-cha |le-mois-so Two |no-pa |no-o-pah Three |ya-me-ne |na-me Four |to-pah |to-pah Five |zap-ta |che-†hoh Six |shak-pa |a-ca-ma Seven |shak-o-e |chap-po | | Eight |shak-un-do-huh |no-pup-pe Nine |nuh-pet-che- |no-was-sap-pa |wung-kuh | Ten |wek-chem-in-uh |pe-ra-gas | | Eleven |a-ka-ong-‡jin |a-pe-le-mois-so Twelve |a-ka-no-pa |a-pe-no-o-pah ----------+-----------------+----------------

==========+==================+================= Head | Paw-ne Language | Chel-a-ke, or | |Cherokee Language | | ----------+------------------+----------------- |pak-shu |is-ko Hair |o-shu |ka-tluh Face | | Fore-head |pak-she re |a-ga-ta-ga-nuh Eye |ke-re-ko |a-ka-tuh Nose |tshu-sho |col-yen-suh Ear |at-ka-ro |kad-la-nuh Lip | |e-a-na-ga-luh Mouth |tska-o |a-ho-le Chin |ka-ka |kay-en-uh Tooth |ha-ro |ky-to-ka Tongue |ha-to |ka-no-kuh Beard |ra-rosh |a-ha-no-luh Neck |tshu-she-re |kit-sane or | |a-git-a-ga-nuh Skin |ska-ret-ke |kan-a-guh Arm |pe-e-ru |kan-o-gan Hand |ik-she-re |o-woy-an-e Fingers |hash-pet |ta-ka-ya-sut-enn Nail |hash-pet |ka-so-kut-un {lxxi} Leg|kash-o |kun-uns-ka-nuh Thigh |pe-ka-ta-ko |ka-guh-lung Foot |ash-o |la-sa-ta-nuh Toes |ash-o-hash-pet |ta-ka-na-sut-uh | | Copulation| | Penis |car-e-o |a-tuh Vulva | | Meat |ke-shat-ske |o-we-duh Blood |ha-to |ke-kuh Heart |pet-so |o-noh-hwa Bone |ke-sho |ko-luh Horn |are-ko |hu-lon-uh Magician | | Chief | | Man |tsa-e-ksh |ski-yuh Old man | | Soldier | | Woman |tsa-pat |ka-yuh Old woman | | Boy |pesh-ke |at-so-zuh Friend | | Girl |tcho-ra-ksh |a-ga-hew-tzuh Father |a-te-ash |a-to-tuh {lxxii} | | Mother |a-te-rah |a-tsing Son |pe-rou-ta-ta |a-quat-se-at-su- | |tsuh Daughter |tcho-ra-ge-la-ha |a-quat-se-a-ga- | |ho-tsuh Pretty | | Ugly | | Child |pe-rou |a-kah | | Brother |e-ra-re |a-ke-ne-le | | | | | | Sister |e-ta-†he |ang-ga-tuh | | | | | | God |tlou-wa-hot, |ka-long-la-te-e- |Master of Life |geth-te-ra, the | |Great Spirit | |above {lxxiii} |tsa-he-ksh-ka- |ske-nuh Devil |ko-hra-wah, bad | |spirit | Heaven |tska-o, same as |ka-lang-a-te |mouth | | | | | | | Hell |ka-ko-hre-a-to-ro,|tsens-ske-nuh |bad road | | | | | | | Heat |tou-ets-to |telh-kuh Cold |ta-pech-e |uh-lan-nuh Rain |tat-so-ro |a-ga-skuh Snow |to-sha |an-tsink Ice |la-she-to |un-a-ster-lang Hail | |the same as ice | | | | | | Summer |le-at |ko-ke Winter |pitsh-e-kat |ko-luh Morning |ka-ka-rush-ka |so-nah-leh Evening |wa-tate-kat- |son-e-a-leh |tate-ke-a | {lxxiv} |shak-o-ro e-sharet|e-kum Day | | Night |e-ra-shu-a-te |son-o-yeh Sun |sha-ko-ro |na-toh | | Moon |pa |as sun, dist. | |by adding | |_night_ Star |o-pe-ret |noh-kos-a Earth |o-ra-ro |ka-tun Water |ket-so |a-muh, nearly | |the same as | |_salt_ Whiskey | | Medicine | | Mysterious| | medicine | | Fire |la-te-to |at-se-luh Wood |la-gish, forest |at-uh Tree | |hu-kuh | | Bean | | Leaf |lets-ko-shu |u-guh-lo-kuh Maize | | Pumpkin | | {lxxv} |la-vet-ta-te |u-tha-lu-kuh Bark | | Tobacco | | Hazlenuts | | Hill |pa-ho-ke-ve-to | | | Valley |la-kat-tosh, a |oh-tat-luh |ravine | River |kat-tosh |ak-wo-ne | | Spring |kets-pa-le, |a-muk-a-nu-go-guh | | Gelding | | | | Horse |a-ro-sha |tsa-wil-e Mare |a-sha-tsa-pat | Colt | | | | Dog |a-sha-kish |ke-leh | | Wolf | | Fox | | Bird |le-kot-ske |ses-quah Turkey | | War eagle | | Buck elk | | | | Doe | | {lxxvi} | | Egg |le-kot-ske-pe- |o-a-teh Buck deer | | Doe | | | | Fawn | | | | Fish |kat-tsche-ke |at-tsa-teh Squirrel | | Prairie | | dog | | Snake |lot-pat-set |e-nah-tah Bison | | Otter | | Black | | tailed | | deer | | Bear |ko-roksh |yoh-nuh Raccoon | | Beaver | | Louse |pets |ta-nuh Antelope | | Skunk | | {lxxvii} |te-ra-guh |tsu-kuh Flea | | Muskrat | | | | Rabbit | | Bow |te-ra-gish |kelk-tsut-e Arrow |lek-sho |kun-e Knife | | Pipe | | Canoe |lak-o-ho-ro |tse-u House |ak-ka-ro |kat-so-da Copper |kots-ter-ra-ha |tsal-ya-tal-ou- | |i-ka, red brass Stone |ka-ret-ke |ni-yah Body | | Iron |pa-bet-de-sho |u-tal-u-gis-ke Yes |na-wa |o-wah | | { No { { | | |ka-ke |an-tleh | | None | | White |la-ta-ka |u-na-kuh Red | | Black |ka-tet |un-nuh-ga Blue | | Yellow | | Light |shuk-she-gat |e-ga-hew Darkness |same as night |ul-se-kuh Me | | I (_ego_)||ta |i-yeh One |as-ko | Two |pet-ko | Three |tou-wet | Four |shke-tiksh | Five |she-oksh | Six |shek-sha-bish | Seven |pet-ko-shek- | |sha-bish | Eight |tou-wet-sha-bish | Nine |lok-she-re-wa | | | Ten |lok-she-re | | | Eleven |as-ko-lok-she-re | Twelve |pet-ko-sho-she-re | ----------+------------------+-----------------

{lxxix} _Having but a small number of words of the two following Languages, it is thought proper to insert them separately from the above comparative tables, in order that the columns may not be too much extended._

Shos-ho-ne Language

Good, sant

Bad, kate-sant

Salmon, au-gi

Come, ke-ma

Large, pe-up

Big river, pau-pe-up

To eat, bo-re-can

White people, tab-ba-bo--_people of the sun_

Go, nu-me-a-ro

To copulate, yo-co

To see, ma-bo-ne

Did not see it, ka-en-ma-bo-na

To love, kom-muh

A great many, shant

Bison, kot-zo

Antelope, wa-re

Elk, pa-re

Awl, we-u

Beaver, ha-nish

Friend, hants

Woman, wipe

Water, pa

Horse, bunk-o

No, ka-he

Tash-e-pa, pierced nose--_a nation of the Columbia_

Paw-kees, black feet Indians

Pun-ash, root eaters--a band of Shoshones who call a horse toish, and a squaw mo-co-ne

Up-sa-ro-ka, or Crow Language

White people, mash-te-se-re--_yellow eyes_

Pawkees or Black-feet, e-chip-e-ta

Poor, bats-ish-cat

Powerful or strong, bats-atsh

Good, e-tschick

Bad, kab-beak

Bison, be-sha

Bison bull, che-ra-pa

Beaver, be-rap-pa

Tobacco, o-pa

Where, sho

Far, ham-a-ta

Mountain, am-a-†ha-ba

Elk, e-che-re-ca-te--_little horse_

Finished or completed, kar-a-ko-tuk

Knife, mit-se

What, sa-pa

Near, ash-ka

Friend, she-ka

To eat, ba-boush-mek

Gunpowder, be-rups-spa

Little, e-ro-ka-ta

Name which they give to the Sioux nation, mar-an-sho-bish-ko--_or the cut throats_

Young woman, me-ka-ta

Water, me-ne

Fire, be-da

Wood, mon-a

River, an-sha

Horse, e-che-ra

No, bar-a-ta

{lxxx} _The following promiscuous words are added for the further information of the philologist._

Wah-tok-ta-ta, or Oto Language

White people, maz-onk-ka--_iron makers_

Americans, ma-he-hun-jeh--_big knife_

British, ra-gar-rash-ing, probably not an Oto word

Ioway nation, pa-ho-ja--_gray snow_

Missouri nation, ne-o-ta-tcha--_those who build a town at the mouth of a river_

Mississippi river, ne-o-hun-je--_the river that enlarges as it runs_, or ne-ber-a-‡je, _water of knowledge_

Missouri river, ne-su-ja--_smoky water_

Osage river, ne-ska--_white water_

Grand river, nesh-na-hun-ja--_big water_

Konzes river, to-pe-o-ka--_good potatoe river_

Nodowa river, ne-a-ton-wa--_jump over river_, or ne-wa-ton

Walk, ma-ne

Distant, har-re

Deer, tah-che

Green, toh-tsche

Platte river, ne-bras-ka--or _flat water_

Little Platte river, ne-breska-ingya--_little flat water_

Tarkio river, tar-ke-u

Nemehaw river, ne-mo-ha-hun-ge

Little Nemehaw river, ne-mo-haing-ya

Nishnabatona river, nish-na-bot-ona--_canoe making river_

Weeping water river, ne-ha-ga--_weeping water_

Saline creek, nes-co--_salt water_

Loup fork of the Platte river, Pawneeomawhaw-ne-etow-wa

Elk-horn creek, wa-ta-tung-ya

Konza river, Konza-ne-etow-wa--or _the river belonging to the Konzas_

Run, nong-a

Leap, ta-wa

Fight, a-ke-ra-ga

Eat, wa-ro-ja

Drink, rat-tong

Steal, mo-no

Talk, e-cha

Strength, bre-hra

Weakness, wa-ha-ha

Poor, wa-was-tong

Near, as-ke

Different, e-tan-tong

Good, pe-ay

Bad, pish-co-na

Mockeson, a-ko-je

Gunpowder, ak-ho-je

Ball, ma-za-muh

Looking-glass, ma-zo-ka-tou-a

Long, thra-ja

Short, su-is-cha

Broad, ar-ru-cha-hun-ja

Thick, sho-ga

Thin, bra-ka

Father, in-ko--used by a person when addressing his father. This word is said by Lewis and Clarke, p. 36, to mean _chief_, but this seems to be a mistake.

Twenty, kra-ba-nuh-no-wa

Twenty-one, krabanuhnowa-agen-ne-yon-ka?

Thirty, krabanuh-ta-ne

One hundred, krabanuh-ho-yong

One hundred and one, krabanuhhoyongagenneyonka

One thousand, krabanuhhoyonghon-ja--or _big hundred_

{lxxxi} O-maw-haw Language

White people, wah-ha--_makers_

Americans, mah-he-tun-guh--_big knife_

British, suk-an-ash--not a proper Omawhaw word

Hat, wa-ha-pa-ga-rong

Hatchet, maz-za-pa-‡jin-ga

Axe, maz-za-pa-tun-guh

Prairie dog's burrow, man-ne-†ho-da-te

Grizzly bear, mon-tschu

White hare, mas-tschi-ska

Porcupine, pa-he

Bald eagle, he-ra-pa-song

Grey eagle, he-ra-gra ‡je

Black bear, wa-sa-ba

Dragon fly, te-ne-nik-a

Sword, mah-he-tun-guh

Small knife, mah-he-‡jin-guh

Canoe, mun-da

Thunder, †ger-rong

Breech-cloth, ‡ja-a-de-gar-rong

Niece, we-te-‡jeh by the men, we-to-‡jon-ga by the squaws

Brother-in-law, tahong

Deer skin, ta-ha

Sweet maize, wat-tan-ze-ske-ra

Common maize, wat-tan-ze-sar-ra-ga

An ear of maize, wa-ha-ba

Abdomen, ta-ze

Paunch or stomach, ne-ha

Mammæ, mon-za, same as _iron_

People, ne-ka-shing-ga, or ne-kuh-shing-guh

Young warrior, wa-se-se-ga

Warm, mash-ta

Nostrils, pah-shu-sha

Human skin, he-ha

Deep blue, toh-che

Dance, wat-che. Sometimes the word ga-ha, _to make_, is subjoined to this word in order to distinguish from their term for copulation

His child, e-ne-se

Me (I) make, pa-†ha, very like the word for _hill_

My true child, we-se-‡jun-tsche-nu

It is said there is none, ning-ga-um

Bad or ugly, pa-‡juh--a word used in anger, principally by the squaws

Poor as a turkey, wah-pa-ne-ze-ze-ka-a-go

I am as poor as a turkey, a-mah-panezezekaago

You are as poor as a turkey, war-ichpanezezekaago

It was red with blood, wa-me-‡je-da-ka

I will not go, a-bra-muj‡-‡je

Come here, ge-ga-ha

Little Platte river, ne-bras-ka-‡jinguh--_Little flat water_

Konza river, Konza-ne-eta

Bowyer creek, ne-ha-ba--_shallow water_

Little Sioux creek, wa-ta

Run, to-na

Leap, we-sa

Fight, ke-ke-na

Eat, wa-brat-ta

Drink, brat-tong

Steal, mo-no

Talk, e-a, very like _stone_

Strength, wash-ca-tun-ga

Weakness, wa-ha-ha

Poor, wah-pa-ne

Near, ash-ka

Good, o-dong

Bad, o-dong-buj‡-‡je, or o-dan-‡je, or pe-a-‡ja

Mockeson, *han-pa

Gunpowder, mah-†ho-da

Ball, mah-za-muh

Looking-glass, ne-o-ke-garras-se

Long, sna-da

Short, cha-shkah

Broad, bras-ka

Thick, sho-guh

{lxxxii} Thin, bra-ka

Thirteen, a-gar-e-ra-be-ne

Twenty, kra-ba-ra-nom-ba

Twenty-one, krabaranomba-ke-de-me-ach-che

Thirty, krabara-be-ne

Thirty-one, krabarabene-ke-de-me-ach-che

One hundred, krabara-he-me

One hundred and one, krabarahe-me-ke-de-me-ach-che

One thousand, krabaraheme-ton-ga

One thousand and one, krabara-he-metonga-kedemeachche

Nine thousand, krabarahemeton-ga-shon-ka

O-maw-haw Names of Persons

MEN

Yellow Belly, ta-ze-ze

Little God, wah-conda-‡jin-ga

God, wah-conda

He that carries his feet, se-ge-e

He that has four feet, se-to-ba

Four hands, nom-ba-to-ba

Two legs, ‡ja-ga-nom-ba

Four nails, sha-ga-to-ba

Big hand, nomba-tun-ga

Big eyes, ish-ta-tun-ga

He who deliberates, wa-ru-ger-rong

Buffaloe rib, ta-re-ta

Buffaloe tail, ta-sin-da

Buffaloe head, ta-pa

Buffaloe bull, ta-nu-ga

Buffaloe calf, ta-‡jin-ga

Little white bear, mut-chu-‡jinga

Black white bear, mut-chu-sa-ba

Black bird, wa-‡jinga-sa-ba

He that walks on the edge, o-hon-ga-mon-e

He that makes signs as he walks, wa-bom-en-e

He that walks behind, a-ga-ha-mo-ne

He that hunts as he walks, o-na-mun-ne

The walking cloud, mah-pe-mun-ne

The strong walker, wash-ka-mun-ne

He who walks when fruit is ripe, se-da-mun-ne

He who cries as he walks, ha-ga-mun-ne

He who walks beyond others, ko-she-ha-mun-ne

He who arrived in haste, wash-con-he

He who is not afraid of tracks, se-gra-na-pa-ba

The white horse, shon-ga-ska

Seven, pa-num-ba

Ace of spades, o-ka-de-ga-rong

Little cook, o-hon-‡jin-ga

Head wind or North wind, ke-ma-ha

Big skunk, mon-ga-tun-ga

Prairie wolf, mon-e-kus-se

Swan, me-hus-ca-tun-ga

He who walks double, nom-ba-mon-ne

Black breast, mon-ga-sab-ba

No hand, nom-ba-ning-ga

Brave, wa-shu-sha

No knife, ma-he-ning-ga

Two tails, sin-da-num-ba

The top of the tent-poles which are tied together, te-she-mo-ha

Big bullet, ma-ze-mat-tunga

Medicine mouth, e-wa-ho-ba

He who carries real medicines, mac-ca-n-e

Wet mockeson, hom-pa-no-ca

Big leggings, o-tant-tun-ga

Smoke maker, shu-da-goch-ha

Two faces, in-da-nom-ba

The twins, nom-ba-dant

Yellow knife, ma-he-ze

SQUAWS' NAMES

The first moon, me-ta-e

Na-sa-za

{lxxxiii} Village, towoin

Me-hun-guh

First thunder, ti-en-e

Female sun, me-teh-ha

Female moon, me-um-bun-ne

Female axe, mas-up-pa-me

Female deer that looks, wa-tum-bun-ne

The first thunder that falls, ta-ingga-ra

O-maw-haw Interjections and Exclamations

Zt!--This is used by the men when contemplating a fine trinket, looking-glass, &c.; they sometimes say zt-o-dah!

Sheh-zt-zt-zt! or wah-zt-zt-zt! or oah-zt-zt-zt! is used by the men for driving dogs out of mischief.

Eh-zt-zt-zt-zt! by the women on the same occasion.

Heh! an inspiration--used by the women when a sudden but trifling accident occurs--as it is also used by the white females.

Ke-a!--the first syllable nasal--by the women for calling their dogs.

Wo-oh! by the men for calling their dogs or horses. It is a sound very similar to that used by the whites to halt horses.

Wah-man-gar-ing-ga! Be off, or go away--spoken in anger--this would be the last word, an attack would succeed if disregarded.

O-hoh! (drawn out very long) used to one who has been troubling them a long time--it would precede the preceding exclamation in the gradation of displeasure.

Ge-ga-ha! wah-ge-ga-ra! o-hoh-ge-gar-a!--the successive expressions of impatience in calling a person to come.

Hi-o! The answer of a squaw to one who calls.

Ha! The answer of a man to one who calls.

Da-dansh-ta-a! An exclamation similar in signification to _O, alas, me!_

{lxxxiv} Sioux, (Yancton band,) Language

American, me-na-has-hah--_Long knife_

British, sa-kin-da-sha. This appears to be an adopted word.

Physician, wa-pe-a-we-a-cha-sha

Village, o-tong-y-a

Eagle, ho-yah

Green, to-we-toy-ya, or "the blue to dye with"--they have no other word for this colour.

Warm, mach-ta

Pawnees, pa-dan-o-ta

Sioux, da-co-ta

Run, e-ong-ka

Leap, e-ep-se-sha

Fight, ke-che-za

Eat, wo-tah

Drink, ya-ta-kong

Talk, e-ah

Good, wash-ta

Gunpowder, cha-hun-da

Thirteen, a-ka-ya-me-ne

Nineteen, a-ka-nuh-pet-che-wung

Twenty, wek-chem-in-eh-nom-pa

Twenty-one, wekcheminehnompah-a-ka-ong-ge

Thirty, wekcheminuh-ya-me-ne

Thirty-one, wekcheminuhyamene-a-ka-ong-‡jin

One hundred, o-pang-ha

One hundred and one, opangha-aka-ong-‡jin

One thousand, kok-o-tong-o-pang-ha

One thousand and one, kokotongopangha-a-ka-ong-‡jin

Ten thousand, kokotongopanghawekcheminuh

The upper bands of the Sioux in their pronunciation substitute the letter _l_ for the _d_.

Min-ne-ta-re, or Gros ventre Language

American, man-ce-ech-te-et--_big knife_

British, bo-she-it-to-†chre-shu-pe-sha--_the men who bring black cloth_

French, bo-she

Spaniard, was-she-o-man-ti-qua

Crow Indians, par-is-ca-oh-panga--_the crow people_

Crow Indians, another band, ehha-tza--_the people of leaves_

Snake Indians, ma-buc-sho-roch-pan-ga

Flat-headed Indians, a-too-ha-pe

Pierced-nose Indians, a-pa-o-pa

Black foot Indians, it-ze-su-pe-sha

Gros ventre of the Fort prairie, a band of Black feet, a-re-tear-opan-ga

Assinniboin Indians, e-tans-kepa-se-ta-qua

Shienne Indians, a-was-she-tanqua, or it-anse-po-‡je

Sauteur Indians, ha-hat-tong

Mandan Indians, a-rach-bo-cu

Rickaree Indians, a-rick-a-ra-one

Sioux Indians, it-ans-ke

Pawnee Loups Indians, sa-‡jer-opan-ga

Les Noire Indians, at-te-shu-pesha-loh-pan-ga

The Red Shield Chief, one of the principal chiefs, e-tam-ina-gehiss-sha

The Borgne or One Eye, grand chief, a remarkable man, he was killed by the Red Shield, a few years since, ka-ko-a-kis

{lxxxv} Missouri river, amanti-a-‡je--_the river that carries canoes_

Little Missouri river, a-manti-ca-‡ja--_the river that carries little canoes_

Yellow Stone River, mit-ze-re-a-‡je--_the river of yellow rocks_

Physician, mat-za-ma-ho-pa

Village, a-ma-teh

Prairie, a-mon-su-ket

Eagle, ich-pro-hich

Arrow point, e-tah-e

Tomahawk, weep-sa-lan-ga

Green, †hau-te-ge

Emasculation, an-ju-ca-da-‡jus

Little wolf, bot-sas

Blanket, wash-a-echre-o-tucke

Mountain, avo-ca-ve

Kill, ta-ha

Die, tas

Scalp, a-ram-pa-tsak-ke

He or she, ne

Bison cow, me-te-ya

A thick forest of small trees, be-ra-she-e-pe

Run, te-re-a

Leap, te-chre

Fight, re-ke

Eat, ma-rou-ta

Drink, be-de-he

Steal, ma-a-shan-re

Talk, de-da

Mockasin, o-pah

Gunpowder, mer-e-ze-ba

Nineteen, a-pe-no-was-sap-pa

Twenty, no-o-pah-pe-ra-gas

Thirty, na-me-a-pe-ra-gas

Forty, to-pah-a-pe-ra-gas

One hundred, pe-ra-gas-ich-te-et

One thousand, pe-re-gas-ich-te-et-a-cah-co-re

Paw-ne Language

Grand Pawnees, tcha-we

Loups or Pawneeomawhaws, ske-re

Pawnee Republicans, ze-ka-ka or ket-ka-kesh

Tappage band, pe-tou-we-ra

Not, buj‡-‡je

Tool Robe, (the republican grand chief), sha-re-a-deeksh-taw-we

Thirteen, tou-wet-lok-she-re

Fourteen, lah-ko-ke-ta

Fifteen, she-oksh-ta-ro-ke-ta

Sixteen, shrou-we-o

Seventeen, tou-wet-ka-ke, (twenty less three)

Eighteen, pet-ko-ka-ke, (twenty less two)

Nineteen, as-ko-ka-ke, (twenty less one)

Twenty, pe-tou-o

Twenty-one, petouo-as-ko

Thirty, luk-she-re-we-tou-o

Thirty-one, luksherewetouo-as-ko

Forty, pet-ko-sho-o-ra-ro

Forty-one, petkoshooraro-as-ko

Fifty, petkoshoorarolokshere

Sixty, tou-wet-ra-ro

Seventy, touwetrarolokshere

Seventy-one, touwetrarolokshere askolokshere

Eighty, shke-tiksh-ta-ro

Eighty-one, shketikshtaroasko

Ninety, shketikshtarolokshere

Ninety-one, shketikshtaroaskolokshere

One hundred, she-koksh-ta-ro

One thousand, petkoshoorarolokshere-tsa-e-ksh

The name of one individual of the Pawnee Loups is "The maker of God."

{lxxxvi} _The two following Vocabularies were taken down by Major Long during his tour on the upper Mississippi in the year 1817_

=================+=====================+=========================== | Winnebago, Puant, | Naudowessies of Carver | or Nippegon | and Hennepin -----------------|---------------------|--------------------------- Arm | ar-dah | ish-to Axe | mahs | ontz-pa Arrow | mah | wah-hen-te-pa American or } | mah-ek-ha-te | is-son-tah-kah Long knife } | | Brother | sunk-ha-deh | me-son-kah Beads | wy-a-per-ris-sipe | we-o-ke-a-tah Bread | wice-kap | ah-ho-e-a-pe Beaver | nah-a-pah | schah-pah Bear | ontsh | wah-hank-ce-chah Brass or copper | mahn-se | mahnz-a-ze Chief | ongk-pe | wich-ash-tah-yah-top-pe-- | | _good chief_ Canoe or boat | wach | wah-ta Cards, playing | pek | pek Child | no-go-nek | oke-che-o-pah Dead | ah-no | kthah Deer | tchah | tah-ken-shah Dog | shonk | shonk-ah Elk | | o-pangh Elbow | eye-shou-uck | ish-pah Eyes | shtas-so | ish-tah Ears | nahnt-shou-ah | nokh-ra Feet | se | se-hah Fingers | na-ap | no-pa-to-ka-hah Fox | cha-ontz-sin-cer-et | shonk-gre-dah Fire | pyche | pa-tah Father | cha-che | ah-ta Face | | e-ta Good | a-pe-no | wash-ta Garter | o-a-kish-ke | wash-kin-chah-ha Gun | ish-ok | mahs-ak-khan Ground | mak-kah | mah-koh-cha Green | mah-nech-o | tah-ko-te Grass | khah-weh | pa-zhe Hands | nah-pur | no-pa Head | nahs-so | Fak-e Heart | nach-keh | chan-ta House or lodge | tche | te-pe Horse | shonk-hat-ta | shonk-a-wak-kungh Island | wich | we-tah Iron | mahs-ish-ah | mahnz-ah {lxxxvii} Indian | wank-shich | ik-e-cha-wich-ash-ta Knife | mah-he | es-sanh Lead | ish-o-co-mah | mahnz-as-so Legs | o-rah | ho Louse | ha-dah | hah-yur Maize | wa-cho-as | wah-me-nah-zah Man | wank-she-grah | wich-ash-tah Mother | nah-ne | e-nah Musket | shou-uck | sin-te-pah Meat | tchack | tun-do Meal | wois-top | ah-ho-e-ap-pe Mockasin | wa-co-cheh | ham-pah Moon | hah-heh-we | we? Mouth | e | e? Mosquetto | nah-wonk | chah-pon-gah No, or nothing | chonch-que-ne-no | he-yah Nose | pah | pagh-ra Oar, or paddle | nash-uck | wa-me-nah-he-chah Old | ah-chin-shun | wich-a-hin-chah, _old man_ Otter | to-shen-uk | ptungh Owl | wahk-cheh-he | e-angh-kah-hah Powder | ok-hun-ne | chah-hun-de Pond or lake | tah-hat-ta | min-da, or tong-gah Porcupine | wah-hane | Pipe | tah-ne-ho | chan-do-o-pah Road | nak-koh | chang-ko River | ne-shan-nuk | wah-te-pah Red | was-seh | shah Sister | nok-ach-ap-pe-tah | tunk-she Silver | sho-de-ah | manz-as-kah Squaw | he-no-ko-tah | win-o-khe-jah Sun | we-dah | we? Star | kah-dach-o | wich-anck-pe Thunder | wah-kon-jah | wak-ke-ah Tree | nah-nah | chah Town or village | mah-ket-te-che-nuk | ah-tong-wa Tobacco | tah-ne-nah | chan-de Teeth | he | e? Universe | han-najh-pe | ah-was-se Wax | i-sic-we-ke-ne-chah | tok-mah-hah-ses-sen-de White | skah | skah Water | ne-nah, or neh | men-neh You | ne-eh | ne-ya {lxxxviii} Yes | on-chah | hah One | jhing-ke-de | wan-chah Two | nope | nom-pah Three | tah-ne | yah-men-ne Four | chope | toh-o-pah Five | sach | sah-pe-tah Six | kuh-we | shahk-pe Seven | sha-ko | shahk-o-win Eight | no-wunk | shah-hun-da-hah Nine | jhink-ich-os-co-ne | nop-cheh-wunk-kah Ten | kher-a-pun | we-ke-cha-me-nah Eleven | jhink-he-ra-sho-ne | ak-ka-wun-ghe Twelve | nope-ash-o-ne | ak-ka-nume

Transcriber's Notes:

Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors were silently corrected.

Anachronistic and non-standard spellings retained as printed.

Italics markup is enclosed in _underscores_.

End of Project Gutenberg's Early Western Travels 1748-1846, v. 17, by Various