Island Life Or The Phenomena And Causes Of Insular Faunas And F
Chapter 30
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The Present Volume is the Development and Application of a Theory--Statement of the Biological and Physical Causes of Dispersal--Investigation of the Facts of Dispersal--Of the Means of Dispersal--Of Geographical Changes Affecting Dispersal--Of Climatal Changes Affecting Dispersal--The Glacial Epoch and its Causes--Alleged Ancient Glacial Epochs--Warm Polar Climates and their Causes--Conclusions as to Geological Climates--How Far Different from those of Mr. Croll--Supposed Limitations of Geological Time--Time Amply Sufficient both for Geological and Biological Development--Insular Faunas and Floras--The North Atlantic Islands--The Galapagos--St. Helena and the Sandwich Islands--Great Britain as a Recent Continental Island--Borneo and Java--Japan and Formosa--Madagascar as an Ancient Continental Island--Celebes and New Zealand as Anomalous Islands--The Flora of New Zealand and its Origin--The European Element in the South Temperate Floras--Concluding Remarks
_Pages_ 531-545
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MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
1. MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRUE JAYS _Frontispiece._
2. MAP SHOWING THE ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS _To face_ 31
3. MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF _PARUS PALUSTRIS_ _To face_ 66
4. A GLACIER WITH MORAINES (From Sir C. Lyell's _Principles of Geology_) 109
5. MAP OF THE ANCIENT RHONE GLACIER (From Sir C. Lyell's _Antiquity of Man_) 110
6. DIAGRAM SHOWING THE EFFECTS OF EXCENTRICITY AND PRECESSION ON CLIMATE 127
7. DIAGRAM OF EXCENTRICITY AND PRECESSION 129
8. MAP SHOWING THE EXTENT OF THE NORTH AND SOUTH POLAR ICE 138
9. DIAGRAM SHOWING CHANGES OF EXCENTRICITY DURING THREE MILLION YEARS 171
10. OUTLINE MAP OF THE AZORES 248
11. MAP OF BERMUDA AND THE AMERICAN COAST 263
12. SECTION OF BERMUDA AND ADJACENT SEA-BOTTOM 264
{xx} 13. MAP OF THE GALAPAGOS AND ADJACENT COASTS OF SOUTH AMERICA 276
14. MAP OF THE GALAPAGOS 277
15. MAP OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC, SHOWING POSITION OF ST. HELENA 293
16. MAP OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 311
17. MAP OF THE NORTH PACIFIC, WITH ITS SUBMERGED BANKS 312
18. MAP SHOWING THE BANK CONNECTING BRITAIN WITH THE CONTINENT 333
19. MAP OF BORNEO AND JAVA, SHOWING THE GREAT SUBMARINE BANK OF SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 373
20. MAP OF JAPAN AND FORMOSA 392
21. PHYSICAL SKETCH MAP OF MADAGASCAR (From _Nature_) 413
22. MAP OF MADAGASCAR GROUP, SHOWING DEPTHS OF SEA 415
23. MAP OF THE INDIAN OCEAN 424
24. MAP OF CELEBES AND THE SURROUNDING ISLANDS 451
25. MAP SHOWING DEPTHS OF SEA AROUND AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 471
26. MAP SHOWING THE PROBABLE CONDITION OF AUSTRALIA DURING THE CRETACEOUS EPOCH 496
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ISLAND LIFE