Island Life; Or, The Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras

The Present Volume is the Development and Application of a Theory--Statement of the Biological and Physical Causes of Dispersal--Investigation of the Facts of Dispersal--of the...

Characteristic Features of Recent Continental Islands--Recent Physical Changes of the British Isles--Proofs of Former Elevation--Submerged Forests--Buried River Channels--Time o...

Dr. Croll's Views on Ancient Glacial Epochs--Effects of Denudation in Destroying the Evidence of Remote Glacial Epochs--Rise of Sea-level Connected with Glacial Epochs a Cause o...

Remarks on Ancient Continental Islands--Physical Features of Madagascar--Biological Features of Madagascar--Mammalia--Reptiles--Relation of Madagascar to Africa--Early History o...

Various Estimates of Geological Time--Denudation and Deposition of Strata as a Measure of Time--How to Estimate the Thickness of the Sedimentary Rocks--How to Estimate the Avera...

The Geographical Divisions of the Globe do not correspond to Zoological divisions--The range of British Mammals as indicating a Zoological Region--Range of East Asian and North...

Position and Physical Features--Chief Zoological Features of the Azores--Birds--Origin of the Azorean Bird Fauna--Insects of the Azores--Land-Shells of the Azores--The Flora of...

Importance of Locality as an essential character of Species--Areas of Distribution--Extent and Limitations of Specific Areas--Specific range of Birds--Generic Areas--Separate an...

Relations of the New Zealand Flora to that of Australia--General Features of the Australian Flora--The Floras of South-eastern and South-western Australia--Geological Explanatio...

Anomalous Relations of Celebes--Physical Features of the Island--Zoological Character of the Islands Around Celebes--The Malayan and Australian Banks--Zoology of Celebes: Mammal...

Position and Physical Features--Zoology of the Sandwich Islands--Birds--Reptiles--Land-shells--Insects--Vegetation of the Sandwich Islands--Peculiar Features of the Hawaiian Flo...

Japan, its Position and Physical Features--Zoological Features of Japan--Mammalia--Birds--Birds Common to Great Britain and Japan--Birds Peculiar to Japan--Japan Birds Recurring...

Position and Physical Features of St. Helena--Change Effected by European Occupation--The Insects of St. Helena--Coleoptera--Peculiarities and Origin of the Coleoptera of St. He...

more nearly connected with it than they are now, since an extension of the European coast to the 1,000-fathom line would very little reduce the distance. Now it is a most intere...

Position and Physical Features of New Zealand--Zoological Character of New Zealand--Mammalia--Wingless Birds Living and Extinct--Recent Existence of the Moa--Past Changes of New...

Position and Physical Features--Absence of Indigenous Mammalia and Amphibia--Reptiles--Birds--Insects and Land-Shells--The Keeling Islands as Illustrating the Manner in which Oc...

Position and Physical Features of Borneo--Zoological Features of Borneo: Mammalia--Birds--The Affinities of the Bornean Fauna--Java, its Position and Physical Features--General...

Remarkable Contrasts in distribution of Animals--Britain and Japan--Australia and New Zealand--Bali and Lombok--Florida and Bahama Islands--Brazil and Africa--Borneo, Madagascar...

of species must have been the repeated changes from cold to warm, and from warm to cold {385} conditions, with the migrations and crowding together that must have been their nec...

In the preceding chapters, forming the first part of our work, we have discussed, more or less fully, the general features presented by animal distribution, as well as the vario...

European Species and Genera of Plants in the Southern Hemisphere--Aggressive Power of the Scandinavian Flora--Means by which Plants have Migrated from North to South--Newly move...

chapters owing to more accurate information as to the depth of the sea around New Zealand, and to the discovery of abundant remains of fossil plants of the tertiary and cretaceo...

The Present Volume is the Development and Application of a Theory--Statement of the Biological and Physical Causes of Dispersal--Investigation of the Facts of Dispersal--Of the...

Mr. Croll's Views on Ancient Glacial Epochs--Effects of Denudation in Destroying the Evidence of Remote Glacial Epochs--Rise of Sea-level Connected with Glacial Epochs a Cause o...

Various Suggested Causes--Astronomical Causes of Changes of Climate--Difference of Temperature Caused by Varying Distances of the Sun--Properties of Air and Water, Snow and Ice,...

European Species and Genera of Plants in the Southern Hemisphere--Aggressive Power of the Scandinavian Flora--Means by which Plants have Migrated from North to South--Newly Move...

Various Estimates of Geological Time--Denudation and Deposition of Strata as a Measure of Time--How to Estimate the Thickness of the Sedimentary Rocks--How to Estimate the Avera...

Remarks on Ancient Continental Islands--Physical Features of Madagascar--Biological Features of Madagascar--Mammalia--Reptiles--Relation of Madagascar to Africa--Early History o...

Characteristic Features of Recent Continental Islands--Recent Physical Changes of the British Isles--Proofs of Former Elevation--Submerged Forests--Buried River Channels--Time o...

Position and Physical Features--Chief Zoological Features of the Azores--Birds--Origin of the Azorean Bird-fauna--Insects of the Azores--Land-shells of the Azores--The Flora of...

The Geographical Divisions of the Globe do not Correspond to Zoological Divisions--The Range of British Mammals as Indicating a Zoological Region--Range of East Asian and North...

Changes of Land and Sea, their Nature and Extent--Shore-Deposits and Stratified Rocks--The Movements of Continents--Supposed Oceanic {xiii} Formations; the Origin of Chalk--Fres...

Importance of the Doctrine of Evolution--The Origin of New Species--Variation in Animals--The amount of Variation in North American Birds--How New Species Arise from a Variable...

Relations of the New Zealand Flora to that of Australia--General Features of the Australian Flora--The Floras of South-eastern and South-western Australia--Geological Explanatio...

Proofs of the Recent Occurrence of a Glacial Epoch--Moraines--Travelled Blocks--Glacial Deposits of Scotland: the "Till"--Inferences from the Glacial Phenomena of Scotland--Glac...

Statement of the General Question of Dispersal--The Ocean as a Barrier to the Dispersal of Mammals--The Dispersal of Birds--The Dispersal of Reptiles--The Dispersal of Insects--...

Remarkable Contrasts in the Distribution of Animals--Britain and Japan--Australia and New Zealand--Bali and Lombok--Florida and Bahama Islands--Brazil and Africa--Borneo, Madaga...

Position and Physical Features of Borneo--Zoological Features of Borneo: Mammalia--Birds--The Affinities of the Borneo Fauna--Java, its Position and Physical Features--General C...

Anomalous Relations of Celebes--Physical Features of the Island--Zoological Character of the Islands Around Celebes--The Malayan and Australian Banks--Zoology of Celebes: Mammal...

Importance of Locality as an Essential Character of Species--Areas of Distribution--Extent and Limitations of Specific Areas--Specific Range of Birds--Generic Areas--Separate an...

Japan, its Position and Physical Features--Zoological Features of Japan--Mammalia--Birds--Birds Common to Great Britain and Japan--Birds Peculiar to Japan--Japan Birds Recurring...

Position and Physical Features of St. Helena--Change Effected by European Occupation--The Insects of St. Helena--Coleoptera--Peculiarities and Origin of the Coleoptera of St. He...

Position and Physical Features of New Zealand--Zoological Character of New Zealand--Mammalia--Wingless Birds Living and Extinct--Recent Existence of the Moa--Past Changes of New...

Chapters VIII and IX. The discussion of the causes of Glacial Epochs and Mild Arctic Climates has been somewhat modified in view of the late Dr. Croll's remarks, and the argumen...

Position and Physical Features--Zoology of the Sandwich Islands--Birds--Reptiles--Land-shells--Insects--Vegetation of the Sandwich Islands--Peculiar Features of the Hawaiian Flo...

Position and Physical Features--Absence of Indigenous Mammalia and Amphibia--Reptiles--Birds--Insects and Land-shells--The Keeling Islands as Illustrating the Manner in which Oc...