CHAPTER III.—The Election of Abû Bakr as Caliph—His Allocution—His

Injunction to the Troops—Revolt of the Tribes—War with Persia—Defeat of the Persians—War with Byzantium—Its Causes—Death of Abû Bakr—Election of Omar—Conquest of Syria—Capitulation of Jerusalem—Assassination of Omar—Election of Osmân—Conquest of Egypt—Death of Osmân—Election of Ali—Rebellion of Muâwiyah—Death of Ali—The Ommeyades—Butchery of Kerbela—The Martyrdom of Hussain—Conquest of Spain—The Abbassides—Destruction of Bagdad—The Title of the Ottoman Caliphs—The Ommeyade Caliphate of Spain—The Fatimide Caliphate of North Africa—The Crusades—Their Effect on Islâm—The Eruption of the Tartars—Destruction of Science and Learning in Islâm—Granada—The Sunni and Shiah Church—The Sects of Islâm—Ashaarïsm—Mutazalaism, 56-78

SELECTED WORKS ON ISLÂM, 79

ISLÂM