CHAPTER LIV.

THE CHURCH.

[Sidenote: Elizabeth's bishops.]

[Sidenote: Papal bishops.] O'Harte.

[Sidenote: Matthew de Oviedo.]

[Sidenote: Peter Lombard.]

[Sidenote: Ribera.]

Of twenty-four archbishoprics and bishoprics existing in Ireland at the date of Queen Elizabeth's death, nineteen were filled by her nominees. In Ulster, Dromore, Derry, and Raphoe were left vacant on account of the wars, and the custody of Kilmore was given to a Dublin clergyman without episcopal rank, the papal bishop remaining in actual possession. Eugene O'Harte, one of the Tridentine fathers, was made Bishop of Achonry in Connaught by papal provision in 1562, and he died at the age of a hundred in the same year as the Queen, without being troubled by any Protestant rival. It is said, indeed, that Bishop O'Connor of Killaloe, was appointed by the Queen to administer O'Harte's see in 1591, but that he compounded with his old friend for 120_l._ a year. In the greater number of sees there were papal bishops, but not in all, and in some cases they were practically mere bishops _in partibus_, with no more real power over their flocks than De Retz had over the people of Corinth. Matthew de Oviedo was Archbishop of Dublin, but probably never saw his diocese, and Peter Lombard does not seem to have been at Armagh. Ribera, the Spanish Franciscan, who was bishop of Leighlin from 1587 to 1604, is believed never to have visited Ireland at all. But the succession was maintained, and vicars were appointed when sees lay vacant or when bishops were absent.[435]

[Sidenote: Forlorn state of the Church, 1587.]

In Sir William Fitzwilliam's time there was not one serviceable church from Dublin to the farthest end of Munster, except in the port towns. And the plain-spoken English lawyer, Andrew Trollope, has furnished many details. Out of thirty bishops not seven were able to preach, and the practice of alienating property was so rife that all the sees in Ireland would not be able to support one man worthy of his calling. The common secular clergy were mere stipendiaries, few having 5_l._ a year, and the majority not more than half that sum. 'In truth,' Trollope adds, 'such they are as deserve not living or to live. For they will not be accounted ministers but priests. They will have no wives. If they would stay there it were well; but they will have harlots which they make believe that it is no sin to live and lie with them, and bear them children. But if they marry them they are damned. And with long experience and some extraordinary trial of these fellows, I cannot find whether the most of them love lewd women, cards, dice, or drink best. And when they must of necessity go to church, they carry with them a book in Latin of the Common Prayer set forth and allowed by her Majesty. But they read little or nothing of it or can well read it, but they tell the people a tale of Our Lady or St. Patrick, or some other saint, horrible to be spoken or heard, and intolerable to be suffered, and do all they may to allure the people from God and their prince, and their due obedience to them both, and persuade them to the Devil and the Pope. And sure the people so much hear them, believe them, and are led by them, and have so little instruction to the contrary, as here is in effect a general revolt from God and true religion, our prince, and her Highness's laws.'[436]

[Sidenote: Spenser on the Church, 1596.]

[Sidenote: Zeal of the Roman party.]

'Whatever disorders,' says Spenser, 'you see in the Church of England, ye may find in Ireland, and many more: namely gross simony, greedy covetousness, fleshly incontinency, careless sloth, and generally all disordered life in the common clergymen.' Priests of Irish blood behaved like laymen, neither reading, preaching, nor celebrating the Communion, and 'christening after the Popish fashion.' They were diligent only in collecting tithes and dues. When the bishops were Irishmen their government was lax, and very often corrupt. English candidates for livings they rejected whenever they could, and a reason was generally available, since such aspirants were mostly either unlearned, or 'men of some bad note, for which they have forsaken England.' In the wilder districts the livings were so miserable that an English minister could scarcely support himself, and so dangerous that no man of peace could venture to reside. Where the benefices were somewhat fat, the incumbents, 'having the livings of the country offered unto them without pains and without peril, will neither for the same, nor any love of God, nor zeal of religion, nor for all the good they may do by winning souls to God, be drawn forth from their warm nests, to look out into God's harvest, which is ever ready for the sickle, and all the fields yellow long ago.' And in the meantime Jesuits and friars came continually from France, Italy, and Spain, 'by long toil and dangerous travailing thither where they know peril of death awaiteth them, and no reward or riches is to be found, only to draw the people unto the Church of Rome.' Most of the churches were utterly ruined, and some were 'so unhandsomely patched and thatched' as to repel worshippers by their mere ugliness. Carelessness and stinginess were to blame, but the mischief was unwittingly increased by the Puritans, 'our late too nice fools, who say there is nothing in the seemly form and comely order of the Church.' Spenser proposed that there should be a strict law strictly enforced against sending young men to Rheims, Douai, Louvain, and such places, 'whose private persuasions do more hurt than the clergy can do good with their public instructions.' English ministers, neat churches with proper churchwardens, and efficient schools, might follow. But he was not sanguine, 'for what good should any English minister do among them by teaching or preaching to them which either cannot understand him or will not hear him.'[437]

[Sidenote: Ireland devoted to Rome.]

[Sidenote: Jesuit schools.]

The energy of the Jesuits and friars in Ireland was one sign of a revival in the Church of Rome; no longer the Church of the Borgias or even of the Medici, but of Loyola and Contarini, of St. Carlo Borromeo and St. Vincent de Paul. Fasts were more strictly observed, and it became more and more difficult to secure even occasional and outward conformity to the State Church. In the early years of the Queen's reign the inhabitants of the towns generally attended service, but the women wearied and were not punished. When the Tyrone war began, even mayors, portreeves, and other local officials had given up their attendance, and most of the children were christened in private houses. The Jesuits had schools in nearly all the towns, and young men resorted in great numbers to foreign seminaries. Priests and friars swarmed everywhere, especially at Waterford, and were sheltered by householders, under whose roofs they sometimes preached quite openly. And the steady influence of these priests was directed to making Ireland dependent on foreign aid. Cornelius Ryan, papal bishop of Killaloe, advised O'Rourke to get some learned Irishman to write to the Pope, begging him to separate Ireland from England for ever and to make Tyrone king. The Jesuit Dominic O'Colan confessed that the designs of Rome and Spain extended even further than this, Philip intending with his army 'to overrun Ireland, and to make that realm his ladder or bridge into England.' The questions of religious belief and of civil allegiance are inextricably connected at this period, and it is impossible for us, as it was for Elizabeth, to treat them as really separate.[438]

[Sidenote: Waterford Bishop Middleton.]

[Sidenote: A model dean.]

Waterford was by all accounts the greatest resort of priests and friars. Miler Magrath was too busy jobbing to take much notice, and he held the see from 1582 to 1589, and again from 1592 to 1608. But Marmaduke Middleton, who was bishop of Waterford from 1579 to 1582, took his trust seriously, and found life uncomfortable in proportion. The marriage ceremony was scarcely thought necessary. Beads were publicly used, and prayers offered for the dead; nor did Middleton dare, for fear of a tumult, to remove images from the churches. 'There is,' he says, 'no difference between the clergy and the laity here, for they have joined together to prevent her Majesty's most godly proceedings--both by defacing of the see, which is not annually, at this instant, worth 30_l._ a year, and all the spiritual living in temporal men's hands so surely linked that they cannot be redeemed. And the most of the incumbents are little better than wood-kerne.' Middleton's life was thought to be in danger, and he was translated to St. David's. He succeeded in preventing the succession from falling to the dean, David Clere, who had thwarted him in every way, and whom Pelham wished to deprive even of that which he had. The deanery, however, remained with Clere, 'who was well friended, as none better in this world than the wicked,' and Magrath had his help in despoiling the church of Waterford.[439]

[Sidenote: Cork, Cloyne, and Ross,]

[Sidenote: Bishop Lyon.]

[Sidenote: Position of Protestants.]

The united diocese of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross fared, according to Bramhall, 'the best of any bishopric in that province; a very good man, Bishop Lyon, being placed there early in the Reformation.' In 1595 he had had thirteen years' experience, and he gave a most lamentable account of his stewardship. There was, he said, no knowledge of God's truth and no obedience to magistrates, but false teachers drew men away 'to the palpable and damnable blindness to obey her Majesty's capital and mortal enemy, that Anti-christ of Rome.' Priests swore men to the Pope, charging a fee of one shilling and sixpence for every mass afterwards. The same priests baptized the children quietly, and it was scarcely possible to get sponsors for a legal christening; one poor clerk, his wife, and a poor minister, acting as universal 'gossips.' Recusants had special orders not to argue with any Protestant. Lyon says that at one time he would have a congregation of a thousand when he preached, but that now he had not five, while communicants had dwindled from 500 to three. The country was full of friars, who were in all things obedient to Bishop Gallagher, the legate, while there was not a Protestant in the province who could preach in Irish. The 'devil's service' was the best of the many names popularly applied to the Anglican ritual, and the natives crossed themselves when Protestants passed, as if they were indeed devils. Lyon built himself a house at Ross, which was burned down by the O'Donovans; but he did what he could. Churches were restored, Bibles and Prayer Books were provided in English and Latin; but the congregations would not be tempted. Oaths to the Pope were freely taken, binding men to disobey the Act of Uniformity, and other oaths could not be believed. Owen MacEgan, who was sometimes called Bishop of Ross, had the power of a vicar apostolic, and confirmed children in crowds. 'These wicked priests,' says Lyon, 'are the sowers of rebellion in this kingdom, and will do mischief if they be not looked unto in time.... I have lived here twenty-five years, and been bishop fifteen years, and I have observed their doings. I never saw them so badly minded as they be now in general, for it is a general revolt throughout the whole kingdom... they have had the reins of liberty let loose unto them, and have not been kept under, whereas they are a people which, feeling the rigour of justice, are a good people in their kind, and with due justice and correction (but not oppressed, extorted, and unjustly dealt withal) they will be dutiful and obedient. But let them have favour and be well entreated, they will wax proud, stubborn, disobedient, disloyal, and rebellious. This I know by experience. Also the priests of the country have forsaken their benefices to become massing priests, because they are so well entreated and made so much of among the people. Many have forsaken their benefices by the persuasion of those seminaries that come from beyond the seas; they have a new mischief in hand if it be not prevented.'[440]

[Sidenote: Papal emissaries.]

[Sidenote: Owen MacEgan.]

Owen MacEgan, who was killed near Kinsale in 1602, was generally called Vicar Apostolic, and sometimes Bishop of Ross. He was believed by Carew to have all the patronage of Munster. He had great influence in Spain, but in Munster, John Creagh, Bishop of Cork and Cloyne, was really a much more important person. He did not appear in public places where Englishmen were present, but exercised 'all manner of spiritual jurisdictions in the whole province, being the Pope's legate, consecrating churches, making priests, confirming children, deciding matrimony causes... one of the most dangerous fellows that ever came to that land, continued longest there of any of his sort, and has done more harm in two years than Dr. Sanders did in his time, who could procure the coming of the Spaniards only, but this Creagh draweth the whole country in general to disloyalty and breaking of the laws.'

[Sidenote: Bishop Creagh.]

Creagh or MacGrath, for the name is written both ways, was the Archbishop of Cashel's cousin; and Miler took care to warn him of any danger, while pretending to give information to the Government. In November, 1600, he was with the Sugane Earl, and actually fell into the hands of Carew's soldiers, but they did not recognise him, 'being clothed in a simple mantle and torn trousers like an aged churl.' He lived on into the next reign, and exercised a very wide jurisdiction, Lord Cahir and Lord Mountgarret being much under his influence.[441]

[Sidenote: The Pope's acting primate. Redmond O'Gallagher.]

[Sidenote: Bishop O'Devany.]

Of nearly equal importance with Creagh was Redmond O'Gallagher, the titular Bishop of Derry, who befriended Captain Cuellar, when he was cast away. O'Gallagher was one of the three Irish bishops who attended the Council of Trent. He had faculty to exercise jurisdiction in the whole province of Armagh during the frequent absences of Archbishop Creagh, and perhaps of his successor, MacGauran, and was busy 'throughout all Ulster, consecrating churches, ordaining priests, confirming children, and giving all manner of dispensations, riding with pomp and company from place to place as it was accustomed in Queen Mary's days.' He was killed in a skirmish or foray in 1601. Cornelius O'Devany, titular bishop of Down and Connor, is revered in Ireland as a martyr, but his death did not take place till 1612, when he had been thirty years bishop. It was reported in 1592 that 'Ulster contained nineteen monasteries, in which the friars and monks remained, using their habit and service as in Rome itself.'[442]

[Sidenote: Protestant primates.]

[Sidenote: Lancaster.]

[Sidenote: Primate Long.]

[Sidenote: Primate Garvey.]

[Sidenote: Primate Henry Ussher.]

From the translation of Loftus in 1567 to the end of the reign, there were four legal primates. The Cathedral of Armagh had been wrecked by Shane O'Neill, and the ruins of the city could scarcely be held even by a garrison, so that the archbishops generally lived at Termonfeckin. Primate Lancaster was anxious to found a grammar-school in the neighbouring town of Drogheda, and offered to leave 'out of my transitory trifles 600_l._ for the performance of the same;' but he seems to have died without carrying out this design, and his successor, Dr. Long, is better remembered for having wasted the property of his see than for any benefit to it. But Long was not a pluralist like his predecessor, and it may be urged in extenuation that he died 1,000_l._ in debt. He was succeeded by John Garvey, a Kilkenny man with an Oxford degree, who spoke Irish and who had earned a good name as Bishop of Kilmore. Garvey complained that Long had reduced the value of the see to 120_l._ a year by granting leases for ninety-nine years, that his houses at Termonfeckin and Drogheda were in ruins, and that three years' income would scarcely suffice to put a roof over his head. Garvey died in 1595, and his successor, Henry Ussher, is most famous as one of the founders of Trinity College. The restoration of the cathedral and the provision of a residence at Armagh were reserved for Primate Hampton.[443]

[Sidenote: Primate Long's account of the Church, 1585.]

Primate Long has left a lamentable account of the Church in Perrott's time, while giving that Deputy full credit for doing his best. 'But why,' he says, 'should I name it a Church? whereas there is scant a show of any congregation of the godly, either care of material or mystical temple, in which men are brought to that pass, as taking away their shape, they are worse than horse and mule that have no understanding... becometh your honour to remember that subjects have souls as well as bodies, and how grievous it is to the Spirit of God to have them governed in body and neglected in soul.... Oh, that your careful eyes did behold the abominations which, like impudent dogs, they are not ashamed before the King of Kings to commit, the smell whereof so annoyeth the heavens that I fear the Lord sitting there laugheth our counsel to scorn, which savours so much of our own wits without the true fear of him which is the beginning of wisdom... the clergy are like the people; nay, they have made the people like them _monstrum horrendum informe ingens cui lumen ademptum_. Your godly Parliament in England hath somewhat, though not sufficiently, bridled the court of faculties, the corruption of the clergy; but in this poor island it sendeth old and young, clergy and laity, in a wild gallop to the devil.... Many souls daily perish whose cure are committed to boys and to open wolves.... Is it possible to look for civil peace where there is no peace in conscience? Pitiful it is, and will be answered before the Highest, to suffer his garden to waste wild for lack of trimming, and then to pull up his plants, that might fructify, by the root, by palpable ignorance to make traitors, and then by sword and law to shed their blood, who for lack of better teaching could never do better.' A few months later Long had the satisfaction of announcing that Owen O'Hart, Bishop of Achonry by papal provision, and one of those who had attended the Council of Trent, had resigned his see, 'prostrating himself before her Majesty whom he beforehand had agreed to curse, and thoroughly persuaded that the man of sin sitteth in Rome under pretence of the seat of God.' But O'Hart continued to act as bishop, paying hush money to his ostensible Protestant successor, and forming one of the seven who in 1587 promulgated the Tridentine decrees throughout Ulster. 'It is a hard thing,' says Long, 'to be thought of, that the land is not able to afford of the birth of the land forty Christians which have the taste of the true service of God; and how then can they be true-hearted to her Majesty when they are severed from her.' Lurking papists were bolder than they had been, and threatened the State; and it would be 'too late to shut the stable door when the horse is stolen.' Long is sometimes edifying and always forcible, but Ussher accused him of alienating the see-lands, and of making a seal which enabled him to do so without capitular consent.[444]

[Sidenote: Archbishop Miler Magrath.]

[Sidenote: How Magrath tended his sheep.]

[Sidenote: Cashel.]

[Sidenote: Waterford and Lismore.]

In the curious epitaph which he wrote for himself, Miler Magrath declares that he served England in the midst of war for fifty years. He was born in Fermanagh, became a conventual Franciscan, and was first provided to the See of Down, of which the O'Neills withheld the temporalities, and from which he was ejected by Gregory XIII. 'for heresy and many other crimes.' One of these was probably matrimony; at all events he was twice married, and had a large family of sons and daughters. Whether or not his conversion was sincere--and both opinions have been held--Magrath was no credit either to the Church which he joined or to the Church which he deserted and was accused of secretly favouring. He indulged immoderately in whisky, and he jobbed without the smallest compunction. In 1607, when he had been Archbishop of Cashel and Bishop of Emly for thirty-six years, the united diocese was found to be in a terrible state. Emly Cathedral was in ruins, and things were little better at Cashel. About twenty-six livings were held by his sons or other near relations, often in virtue of simoniacal contracts, and in nearly every case there was no provision for divine service. More than twenty livings and dignities were in the Archbishop's own possession, who received the profits 'without order taken for the service of the Church.' No school whatever was provided. Nineteen livings or dignities were returned as void and destitute of incumbents, and in others,' says the report, 'some poor men, priests and others, carry the name, but they have little learning or sufficiency, and indeed are fitter to keep hogs than to serve in the church... in the two dioceses there is not one preacher or good minister to teach the subjects their duties to God and His Majesty.' Magrath had been Bishop of Waterford and Lismore for twenty years, and 'it will appear that wheresoever the Archbishop could do hurt to the Church he hath not forborne to do it. Sixteen livings were returned as void and destitute of incumbents.' Several others were bestowed upon absentees, who provided no curates, and the Archbishop's daughter or daughter-in-law enjoyed the income of two in which the churches were ruined and the cures not served. Magrath made many leases for his own profit, and, with the connivance of the Dean and Chapter, alienated the manor and see-lands of Lismore, and the castle, which was the episcopal residence, to Sir Walter Raleigh for a rent of 13_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ in perpetuity. The capitular seal of Cashel he kept in his own hands and used as he pleased.[445]

[Sidenote: The country clergy.]

'The country clergy,' says Davies, 'were idols and ciphers, and,' he adds with a fine irony, 'that they cannot read, if they should stand in need of the benefit of their clergy.' Serving-men and horseboys held benefices, and the court of faculties dispensed them from all duty. And for all their pluralities they were beggars, since the patron or ordinary took most of the profits by 'a plain contract before their institution.'

'The agent or nuncio of the Pope,' he says, 'hath 40_l._ or 50_l._ a year out of the profits of a parsonage within the Pale.' The churches were in ruins throughout the kingdom, and there was 'no divine service, no christening of children, no receiving of the sacrament, no Christian meeting or assembly, no, not once in the year; in a word no more demonstration of religion than amongst Tartars or cannibals.' The bishops were but too often partakers in the prevalent corruption, and Davies suggested that visitors should be sent from England, 'such as never heard a cow speak and understand not that language,' a gift of cattle being the usual means of bribery in Ireland. Neither Loftus nor Jones were disinterested men, but they did take some pains to provide respectable incumbents, Englishmen for the most part, and Davies who did not like either of them, reported that the Pale was 'not so universally Catholic as Sir Patrick Barnewall and some others would affirm it to be.' That was all he could say, and it was not much.[446]

[Sidenote: Foundation of Trinity College, Dublin.]

Archbishop Loftus had prevented Perrott from turning his cathedral of St. Patrick's into a college, but he helped to provide the means from another source. In 1166 Dermot MacMurrough had founded the priory of All-Hallows for Aroasian canons, just outside Dublin, and by a curious coincidence the man who introduced the English into Ireland thus unwittingly set apart the ground on which the most successful of Anglo-Irish institutions was destined to be built. In 1538 the priory was granted to the city of Dublin; and in 1590 the Corporation were induced to offer the property, which was valued at 20_l._ a year, as a site for the new college. In 1579 the Queen had entertained the idea of a university at Clonfert, on account of its central position; 'for that the runagates of that nation, which under pretence of study in the universities beyond the seas, do return freight with superstition and treason, are the very instruments to stir up our subjects to rebellion.' Nothing came of that plan, perhaps because the bishops were expected to provide the means of realising it, and as there was no education to be had at home, the young gentlemen had continued to resort to universities where the Queen was considered an excommunicated heretic. The offer of the Dublin citizens was now accepted, and the monastic buildings, all but the steeple, were at once pulled down. Henry Ussher, a native of Dublin, but a graduate both of Oxford and Cambridge, who was afterwards Primate, and who was at this time Archdeacon, deserves credit for successfully carrying out the negotiations, and the charter recites that it was he who had petitioned the Queen in the name of the city to found the college. Loftus was the first provost, Ussher himself, with two other fellows and three scholars, being appointed in the same instrument. Burghley was the first chancellor, Essex the second, and Robert Cecil the third. After the siege of Kinsale 1,800_l._ was subscribed by the army for a library, which thus began at the same time as Bodley's, and the great collection of Archbishop James Ussher was virtually secured by a subscription of 2,200_l._ in Cromwell's army. Trinity College was founded as the mother of a university, but no second house was ever opened, and in common language the college and the university are treated as one and the same.[447]

[Sidenote: Protestant character of the college.]

[Sidenote: A Puritan provost.]

[Sidenote: The Scotch element.]

From the first, Trinity College was under Protestant management, and was intended to counteract the influence of the seminaries at Salamanca and other places abroad. And in Ireland, since the masses adhered to Rome, Protestantism has ever naturally tended to the Puritan rather than to the Anglican side. Loftus himself had been a friend of Cartwright. Dr. Travers, the second provost, is claimed by the Presbyterians, and he was certainly a strenuous opponent of Richard Hooker. James Fullerton and James Hamilton, the first elected fellows, were Scotchmen; and seem to have been educated at St Andrews, under Andrew Melville, to whose opinions they may very probably have inclined. Fullerton and Hamilton, while enjoying some portion of Elizabeth's favour, were James VI.'s secret agents, and it is supposed that Cecil sometimes sent through them letters, which it might have been dangerous to trust to the ordinary channels. The two Scots kept a school in Ship Street, Dublin, and had the honour of teaching James Ussher from his ninth to his fourteenth year. The first buildings were erected by public subscription, and some of the subscribers were Roman Catholics, but Archer the Jesuit was collecting about the same time for the Salamanca seminary. The danger was understood from the first, and a petition to the Pope calls attention to a 'certain splendid college near Dublin, the capital of Ireland, where the youths of Ireland are instructed in heresy by English teachers.' In 1609 Trinity is officially called 'the fanatics' college' by the Irish Jesuits.[448]

[Sidenote: Irish seminaries abroad.]

Trinity College being out of the question, the Irish priesthood continued to be educated abroad, and O'Sullivan gives a list of towns where they had seminaries of their own, or, at least, special facilities. At Salamanca, Compostella, and Lisbon these institutions came into Jesuit hands; and there was a fourth at Seville. The Irish Franciscans had great privileges at Louvain, and there were Irish seminaries at Antwerp, Douai, and Tournai. Those who preferred the dominions of the Most Christian to those of the Most Catholic King, might find classes ready to receive them at Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Paris. In 1624 the famous Rothe and four other Irish prelates declared that the Parisian seminary had supplied many men distinguished in virtue, doctrine, and zeal, for the work of the Church in Ireland. 'And so,' says O'Sullivan, 'crowds of Irish priests inundate Ireland, some educated in convents, some in seminaries, and some at the expense of their parents, and they partly, if not altogether, repair the damage which the English have done by upsetting the religious houses and seats of holy learning.'[449]

[Sidenote: Books and printing.]

[Sidenote: The Prayer Book.]

[Sidenote: Irish types.]

[Sidenote: The Bible in Irish.]

The first book ever printed in Dublin was Edward VI.'s first Book of Common Prayer. It was printed by Humphrey Powell in 1551, professedly by St. Leger's command, and it contains a prayer for Sir James Croft. A copy is preserved in Trinity College, and Dr. Todd doubted if there were a second in existence. The only other known specimen of Powell's work is Sidney's Book of the Articles printed in 1566. Edward's second Prayer Book, says Dr. Ball, 'was never, either by statute or order, introduced, nor was it at all used in the Irish Church; but it forms the basis of that which under Elizabeth was authorised for Ireland.' Orders were given that the Prayer Book of 1557 should be translated into Irish, for use in places where English was not understood, but this was never done. It is probable that no competent translator could then be found, and certain that the means of printing did not yet exist. Queen Elizabeth afterwards provided a press and fount of Irish type, 'in hope that God in his mercy would raise up some to translate the New Testament into their mother tongue.' In 1571 a Catechism was produced by Nicholas Walsh, Chancellor, and John Kearney, Treasurer of St. Patrick's, both Cambridge men, and this is the first work printed in Irish. There is a copy in the Bodleian, and Dr. Cotton had never heard of any other. Walsh, who became Bishop of Ossory, obtained an order to publish a translation of the Prayer Book for use in country places. He also began an Irish version of the New Testament, and his fellow-worker, Kearney, is said to have proceeded far in the work. It was reserved for William Daniel, Archbishop of Tuam, a Kilkenny man and one of the original scholars of Trinity, to publish the New Testament in Irish: his predecessor, Archbishop Donellan, having worked in the same field. Daniel's printer was John Francke. Whatever may have been done towards a translation of the Old Testament by Kearney, Daniel, and other scholars, the work was only completed by Bishop Bedell, and, its publication having been delayed by the outbreak of the Rebellion in 1641, it did not appear until 1685.[450]

[Sidenote: Toleration and persecution.]

[Sidenote: Bacon's ideas as to toleration.]

[Sidenote: Popular forces against the Reformation.]

Elizabeth refused to dispense with penal laws against recusants, but she allowed a good deal of practical toleration, and Irish Catholics who did not engage in plots were not generally interfered with. 'I find by the Court Rolls,' says a very learned lawyer and antiquary, 'that Queen Elizabeth had her High Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who occasionally punished for not attending divine service. But this was rare: no more than two or three instances during her reign.' Jones and Loftus were willing enough to interpret the laws strictly, and to enforce them rigorously; but nearly all Deputies disliked adding to their difficulties by strictness in religious matters, and Mountjoy in particular was much opposed to severity. Bacon alone seems to have thought legal toleration possible. His plan was to establish Anglicanism in Ireland, to respect liberty of conscience, and to tolerate the public exercise of the Roman ritual in certain places. This was what was done by the Edict of Nantes, following upon many other temporary measures to a like effect. It must, however, be remembered that Henry IV. established the religion of the majority, while Cecil was advised to do the contrary; that in France the professors of both faiths were Frenchmen, while in Ireland the Establishment would exist not only for the minority but almost entirely for Englishmen who came in the guise of conquerors or supplanters of the native population; and that the Church of Rome aims at universal supremacy, which a Protestant Church is not called upon to do. 'If,' says Bacon, 'consciences be to be enforced at all, yet two things must precede their enforcement; the one, means of instruction, the other the time of operation; neither of which they have yet had. Besides, till they be more like reasonable men than they yet are, their society were rather scandalous to the true religion than otherwise, as pearls cast before swine; for till they be cleansed from their blood, incontinency, and theft (which are now not the lapses of particular persons, but the very laws of the nation), they are incompatible with religion reformed. For policy, there is no doubt but to wrestle with them now is directly opposite to their reclaim, and cannot but continue their alienation of mind from this government. Besides, one of the principal pretences whereby the heads of the rebellion have prevailed both with the people and with the foreigner, hath been the defence of the Catholic religion; and it is this that likewise hath made the foreigner reciprocally more plausible with the rebel. Therefore a toleration of religion (for a time not definite), except it be in some principal towns and precincts, after the manner of some French edicts, seemeth to me to be a matter warrantable by religion, and in policy of absolute necessity. And the hesitation in this point I think hath been a great casting back of the affairs there. Neither if any English papist or recusant shall, for liberty of his conscience, transfer his person, family, and fortunes thither, do I hold it a matter of danger, but expedient to draw on undertaking, and to further population. Neither if Rome will cozen itself, by conceiving it may be some degree to the like toleration in England, do I hold it a matter of any moment, but rather a good mean to draw off the fierceness and eagerness of Rome, and to stay further excommunications or interdictions for Ireland. But there would go hand in hand with this, some course of advancing religion indeed, where the people is capable thereof; as the sending over some good preachers, especially of that sort which are vehement and zealous persuaders, and not scholastical, to be resident in principal towns; endowing them with some stipends out of her Majesty's revenues, as her Majesty hath most religiously and graciously done in Lancashire: and the recontinuing and replenishing the college begun at Dublin; the placing of good men to be bishops in the sees there; and the taking of the versions of bibles, catechisms, and other books of instruction, into the Irish language; and the like religious courses; both for the honour of God, and for the avoiding of scandal and insatisfaction here by the show of a toleration of religion in some parts there.' This passage, and the whole of the letter containing it, shows an extraordinary comprehension of the Irish difficulties, but some of the positive recommendations are open to question. It was not possible to provide vehement, zealous, and persuasive preachers in Ireland as in Lancashire, for the Lancashire people could be addressed in their own tongue, and the Irish could not. In Ireland the forces of oratory were entirely on the side of Rome.[451]

FOOTNOTES:

[435] Cotton's _Fasti_; Brady's _Episcopal Succession_.

[436] Considerations touching Munster, 1587, No. 70; Andrew Trollope to Walsingham, Oct. 26, 1587. Sir William Russell is said to have advised liberal grants of church lands to the nobility of both persuasions, 'who would then hold their religion with their lands, _in capite_.'

[437] Spenser's _View of the State of Ireland_, 1596. Some of the poet's words might suggest Swift's savage outburst about the worthy divines appointed to Irish sees who were _uniformly_ robbed and murdered on Hounslow Heath 'by the highwaymen frequenting that common, who seize upon their robes and patents, come over to Ireland, and are consecrated bishops in their stead.'

[438] Cornelius, bishop of Killaloe, to O'Rourke, Feb. 13, 1596; Sir John Dowdall to Cecil, March 9, 1596; Memorial among the _Rawlinson MSS._ July 28, 1592, printed in _Irish Arch. Journal_, i. 80; Dominic O'Colan's confession, July 9, 1602.

[439] Pelham to Walsingham, Dec. 7, 1579; Bishop Middleton to Walsingham, June 29, July 21, and Aug. 19, 1580. 'They call their city young Rochelle; I pray God it be not _ironice dictum_.' And see John Shearman, schoolmaster of Waterford, to Primate Long, July 12, 1585.

[440] Bishop Lyon to Burghley, Sept. 23, 1595. The State Papers contain evidence that this was an energetic and liberal bishop: he built a church at Ross with 150_l._ of his own money, also a free school and a bridge.

[441] Rawlinson MS. July 28, 1592, printed in _Irish Arch. Journal_, i. 80. _Pacata Hibernica_, book i. chap. xviii. Letter from Lord Cahir to Creagh, MS. _Hatfield_; Brady's _Episcopal Succession_.

[442] Rawlinson MS. _ut sup._; Brady's _Episcopal Succession_; _Four Masters_, 1601. In July 1588 O'Gallagher, as 'Vice-Primas,' delegates his authority to O'Devany for one year: 'quoniam propter imminentia pericula ac discrimina interitus vitæ, personaliter terras illas visitare nequimus.' See Fitzwilliam to Burghley, Oct. 26, 1588.

[443] Archbishop Lancaster to Walsingham, April 26, 1581; Sir N. White to Burghley, Feb. 3, 1589; Archbishop Garvey to Burghley, Feb. 20, 1592; Ware's _Bishops_.

[444] Archbishop Long to Burghley, Jan. 20, 1585, and June 10; to Walsingham, July 8; Archbishop Henry Ussher to Burghley, April 10, 1596.

[445] Ware's _Bishops_; Cotton's _Fasti_; Archbishop Jones to Salisbury, Aug. 3, 1607; Note of abuses, &c. in Cashel, Emly, Waterford, and Lismore, in the Chancellor Archbishop of Dublin's hand, and signed by him, Aug. 4, 1607. Writing to Cecil Feb. 20, 1604, Sir John Davies says Magrath held seventy-seven spiritual livings besides his four bishoprics.

[446] Sir John Davies to Cecil, Feb. 20, 1604, and May 4, 1606; certificates to Dublin and Meath dioceses, calendared under 1604, Nos. 267 and 268.

[447] The charter, as well as the deed of gift from the city of Dublin, are in Morrin's _Patent Rolls_, ii. p. 345, and see p. 21; Taylor's _History_ of the University. There is a good account, from a Presbyterian point of view, in Killen's _Ecclesiastical History_, vol. i. pp. 447-455.

[448] Neal's _History of the Puritans_, vol. i., for Travers; Lowry's _Hamilton MSS._, pp. 1-9, and Bruce's _Correspondence of James VI. and Cecil_, for Fullerton and Hamilton. _Hibernia Ignatiana_, pp. 37 and 39. 'Litteræ Annuæ' of the Irish Jesuits, 1609, in _Spicilegium Ossoriense_.

[449] O'Sullivan, tom. iv. lib. i. cap. 17; _Spicilegium Ossoriense_, vol. i. p. 133.

[450] Gilbert's _History of Dublin_, vol. i. pp. 29, 186, 383, 385; Ball's _Reformed Church of Ireland_, chaps. iii. and iv.; Cotton's _Fasti_; Bedell's _Life_, printed by the Camden Society, and the articles on Bedell, Daniel, and Robert Boyle in the new _Dictionary of National Biography_. William Kearney, who printed the proclamation against Tyrone in 1595, may have been related to the Treasurer of St. Patrick's; see above chap. xlv.

[451] William Lynch to Sir James Macintosh, printed in the Calendar of S. P. _Ireland_, 1606-8, p. civ; Francis Bacon to Cecil, 1602, printed by Spedding, pp. 48, 49. A commission to 'execute the Acts concerning the Queen's supremacy,' was issued in 1594, Morrin's _Patent Rolls_, ii. 290. Loftus and Jones were the only prelates commissioned, and very little was done.

INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.

Affane, 108, 328

Africa, 7, 11

Agnes, Anyas, or Anes, Francis, 'Burgomaster' of Youghal, 35, 107

Agnes, Black: _see_ MacDonnell, Ineen Duive

Aguila or Aquila, Don Juan de, Spanish commander at Kinsale, chap. 51 _passim_, 424

Aherlow, Glen of, Spenser's Arlo, 27, 41, 45, 57, 95, 107, 136, 377, 379; inseparably connected with Spenser, 444

Aileach, 373

Alcazar, battle of, 7, 8

Alford, Captain, 126, 127, 377

Allen, Cardinal, 5, 18

-- Doctor, Jesuit, 24, 29, 31, 234

-- John, 133

-- Lough, 233, 244

Alva, Duke of, 76

America, 15

Anderson, Sir Edmund, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in England, 198, 231

Angelis, 48

Anglesea Road, 404

Anias, John, 426

Antonio, Don, Portuguese pretender, 119

Antrim County, 141, 146, 186

-- Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of, 436: _see_ MacDonnell

Antwerp, 145, 188, 280, 447, 472

Anyas: _see_ Agnes

Apsley, Captain, 55, 95

Aranda, Don Martin de, 182

Archer, James, Jesuit, 'bewitches' a lord, 309; his ideas about heretics, 350; his connection with Ormonde's capture, 355-357; 'raises the devil,' 420, 421, 424; he flies to Spain, 425, 472

Ardcanny, 78

Ardee, 340

Ardfert, 69, 95, 102, 378

Ardmayle, 404

Ardnarea, 155

Ards, in Down, called a county, 141

Argyle, Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of, 138

Ariosto, 345

Arklow, 88, 331

Arlo: _see_ Aherlow

Armada, the Spanish Invincible, 149, 165, chap. 42 _passim_, 206, 209, 285, 290

Armagh, 9, 254, 256, 265, 276, 277, 283, 286, 287; an advanced military position, 296-299, 339, 372, 392, 393, 418

-- County, 227; claimed as part of Tyrone, 242, 243, 260, 262

-- Cathedral, 299, 466

-- Archbishopric of, 465: _see_ Lancaster, Long, Garvey, Ussher, &c. and for titular primates under MacGauran and Lombard

Arney River, 244

Aroasian Canons, 470

Arran, James Stewart, Earl of, 128

-- Islands, 175

Arrow, Lough, 244

Arthegal, 74, 458: _see_ Arthur Lord Grey de Wilton

Ascoli, Prince of, 174

Askeaton, 28, 30, 32, 35, 36, 41, 42; taken from Desmond, 43, 44-46, 58; gallantly defended by Barkley, 306, 327, 379

Assaroe Abbey, 285

Asturias, 46

Athenry, 43, 44, 204, 279

-- Bermingham Baron of, 147

Atherton, Captain, 329

Athlone, 39, 43, 44, 65, 137, 159, 167, 172, 190, 194, 244, 256, 263, 271, 278, 301, 433, 452, 454

Athy, 141, 302

Atkinson, Captain, 427

Audley, Captain, 61-63

Augher, 429

Aughrim, 431, 432

Augustinians, 193

Austria, 352

-- Don John of, 2, 177

Avancini, Giovanni, 178

Avaux, Jean-Antoine Comte de, 414

Avila, Don Christobal de, 182

Avon River, at Bristol, 415

Avonmore River, in Wicklow, 329

Ayr, 451

Azores, 76, 118, 251, 332

Babington's conspiracy, 231

Bacchus, 69

Bacon, Francis, 217; his advice to Essex, 294 his excuses, 316, 321; his ideas about toleration, 474-476

Bagenal, Sir Nicholas, 55; M.P. for Down, 141, 157; his relations with Perrott, 159, 160, 223

-- Sir Henry, son of the foregoing, 9, 61, 138; his quarrel with Tyrone, 223-225, 234-240, 242, 245, 252, 256, 257; his defeat and death at the Yellow Ford, 297, 310, 313, 342, 410, 439

-- Mabel, sister of Sir Henry, Countess of Tyrone, her elopement, 223-225, 292

-- Sir Samuel, 296, 310, 370, 444

-- Dudley, 168

Balla, 154

Ballagh-a-line, or Ballyline, 175

Ballard, John, the conspirator, 154

Ballibrennan, 320

Balliloghan, 36, 43

Ballina, 155, 427

Ballinacor, 135, 246, 247, 274, 277, 387

Ballinacurra, 85

Ballinafad, 214, 337

Ballinakill, 355

Ballinasloe, 43, 104

Ballingarry, 303

Ballinhassig, 361

Ballinrobe, 152, 204

Ballivodig, 85

Ballybrittas, 357

Ballycastle, in Antrim, 138, 139, 151

Ballycroy, 178

Ballyhack, 330

Ballyhoura Hills, 328

Ballymore Eustace, 61

Ballymote, 191, 233, 263, 310, 365, 403

Ballyragget, 309, 324, 355

Ballysadare, 427

Ballyshannon, its strategic importance, 137, 196, 227, 236, 253, 270, 276; great struggle for it, 284-286, 363, 427; 'that long desired place,' 428; the fishery there, 447

Baltimore, 95, 153; held by the Spaniards, 406, 412-414, 419

Baltinglas, James Eustace, Viscount, his rebellion, 51-55, 57, 59, 60, 70, 82, 83, 92, 99, 116, 144, 164, 193

Bancroft, Richard, prebendary of St. Patrick's, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, 134

Bandon River, 353, 405, 406

Bann River, 189, 266, 430, 447

Bannada Abbey, 155

Bantry Bay, 419

-- Barony of, 430

-- Abbey, 95, 419

Barbary, 10

Barkley, Captain, M.P. for Antrim, 141

-- Captain Francis, his valiant defence of Askeaton, 306, 307

Barnewall, Christopher, 116, 117

-- Sir Patrick, 470

Barnstaple, 25, 250

Barrow River, 135, 324, 447

Barry or Barrymore, James FitzRichard Barry, Viscount (died 1581), 34, 45, 46, 50, 56, 85, 112, 124, 234

-- -- -- David Barry, Viscount, son and successor of the foregoing, 240, 241, 306; his loyalty, 307, 312, 328; persecuted by Tyrone, 353, 360, 365, 390, 401, 404, 430

Barry, John, 307

Bartoni, Alexander, 74

Basques, Biskyes, Biscayans, 70

Bath, 167

Baxter, Nathaniel, 457

Bayonne, 164

Beaumont, Count Harley de, 314, 454

Beaumaris, 278, 319

Becher, or Beecher, Fane, 199

-- Sir William, 305

Becket, Thomas, 52

Bedell, William, Bishop of Kilmore from 1629, 473

Bedford, Francis, Earl of, 94, 236

Belfast, 289

Bellaclinthe, 341

Belleek, in Fermanagh, 154, 196, 234, 236, 284, 286

-- in Mayo, 26

Belvelly, 87

Benburb, 392, 393

Bere, Berehaven, Bere Island, 48, 95, 412, 413, 421, 430, 447

Bermingham: _see_ Baron of Athenry

-- John, 221, 222

-- or Birmingham Tower, in Dublin Castle, 28

Berwick, 40

Bilbao, Bilboa, 11, 74

Bingham, Sir Richard, 65, 69; his smart seamanship, 71; Chief Commissioner of Connaught, 124, 125, 129; M.P. for Roscommon, 141; makes a composition in Connaught, 147; crushes the Scots at Ardnarea, 151-157, 159; goes to Holland, 166-168, 170, 177; his account of the Armada, 188, 191, 192; his struggles in Connaught, 203-216, 229, 233, 253, 254; his great strategic idea, 256, 260, 263, 269, 270; in disgrace, 271; his ideas adopted in his absence, 276, 278, 279, 294; restored to favour before his death, 310, 314, 352, 427, 439

-- George, brother of the foregoing, 189, 191, 208, 216, 254

-- John, brother of the two foregoing, 260, 270

-- George _Oge_, cousin of the three foregoing, 253

Biscay, 10, 65, 163

Biscayans or Biskyes: _see_ Basques

Blackford, 324

Blackfriars, Dublin, 132

Blacksod Bay, 178

Blackwater, river and fort in Ulster (this is Spenser's Blackwater), 9, 92, 137; land reserved by the Crown, 170, 254, 262; new fort built, 284; gallant defence, 286, 287, 289, 291; great disaster in attempting relief, 294, 295, 296, 300, 329, 339, 369, 392, 393, 418, 455

Blackwater River, in Munster, 39, 41, 47, 94, 95, 103, 112, 137, 199, 306, 328, 410

Blake, James, 426

Blarney, 55, 429

Blaskets, islands and sound, 45, 173, 174, 188

Blind Abbot: _see_ William Burke

Blount, Sir Christopher, 294, 319, 323, 328, 331, 335, 339

Bodley, Sir Thomas, 473

-- Captain Josiah, brother of the foregoing, 404, 435, 449, 455, 456

Bologna, Bolognese, 74, 77

Bolsena, 77

Bonville family, 48

Bordeaux, 472

Borgias, the, 462

Bostock, Captain John, 422

-- Captain Ralph, 250, 251

Bothwell, 194

Bourchier, Sir George, 35, 45, 56, 58, 68, 84

Boylagh, in Donegal, 189

Boyle, Richard, afterwards Earl of Cork, 199, 382; his remarkable journey to London, 414; his connection with Spenser, 457

-- Robert, son of the foregoing, 473

-- Elizabeth, cousin of the foregoing, married to Edmund Spenser, 457

-- in Roscommon, 244, 263, 301, 336, 337, 429, 431

Boyne River, 392

Bramhall, John, Bishop of Derry, translated to Armagh in 1661, 463

Brefny O'Rourke, 79: _see_ Leitrim

Brest, 11

Brewett, Miles, 164

Bridgewater, 52

Brill, 280, 281, 287

Bristol, 12, 25, 26, 83, 249, 252, 381, 415

Brittany, 247, 424

Broadhaven, 376

Brooke, Sir Calisthenes, his opinion of Irish service, 286, 344

Browne, or Brown, Charles, 67, 77

Browne, Archbishop, 132

-- John, 204

-- Sir Valentine, 114, 126, 127, 200

-- Sir Nicholas, son of the foregoing, 200, 293, 443

-- Sir Valentine, the younger, brother of Sir Nicholas, married to a Desmond, 384

Bruff, 302, 328, 377

Bruges, 145

Bruree, 46

Brussels, 3, 18

Bryskett, Ludovic, 85, 457

Buckhurst, Lord Treasurer, 265, 395, 396

Buckingham, George Villiers, first Duke of, 384

Bunamargey Abbey, 138

Bunboys, 180

Bundrowes, 236

Bungunder, 70

Buoncompagno, Giacomo, son of Pope Gregory XIII, 119

Burgh, or Borough, Thomas, Lord, Lord Deputy, 273, 277, 278, chap. 46 _passim_, 295, 439

Burgh, Lady Frances, 287

Burghley, Lord Treasurer, 36; his exhortation to Ormonde, 38, 73, 89, 96, 97, 100, 101, 111, 112, 123, 132, 134, 135, 137, 149, 157, 158, 163, 166, 209, 224; friendly to Sir John Perrott, 228, 229; his consideration for Fitzwilliam, 239, 241; he makes the clergy pay for the war, 250, 255; his foresight, 260; his opinion of Russell, 264, 265, 271; his feeling for Norris, 280; effect of his death on Essex, 313, 314, 395

Burkes, or De Burghs of Co. Galway (Upper Burkes), 136, 152, 269, 406, 409; for Earls of Clanricarde _see_ under Clanricarde

Burke, or De Burgh, Ulick, Earl of Clanricarde, son of the foregoing: _see_ Clanricarde

Burke, Sir John _Shamrock_, half-brother of the foregoing, created Baron of Leitrim, his rebellion, 79, 81, 84; his violent end, 119; his character and popularity, 120, 253, 302, 430

-- William, brother or half-brother of the two foregoing, in rebellion, 79, 84; hanged, 88, 92

Burke, Redmond, son of Sir John Shamrock, 302, 309

-- William, brother of the foregoing, 430

-- Lady Mary, sister or half-sister of Ulick, John, and William, married to Brian O'Rourke 120, 121, 214

-- Lady Honora, sister of the foregoing, 79

Burkes, or Bourkes of Co. Mayo (Lower Burkes), 153-157, 178, 204-216, 260, 263, 269, 270, 278, 406

Burke, Redmond _Na Scuab_ (of the besoms), 253

-- Sir Richard MacOliver, 92, 93, 147

-- Richard, called the 'Devil's Hook,' 178, 204, 205

-- -- called 'Richard in iron,' married to Grace O'Malley, 43, 44, 92, 93

-- Oge, called _Fal fo Erinn_ (hedge or pale of Ireland) hanged by Bingham 151, 152, 211

-- Theobald, known as Tibbot _ne Long_ (of the ships), 38, 366, 427

-- -- calling himself MacWilliam _Iochtar_, 260, 365, 368

-- William, calling himself MacWilliam _Iochtar_ and known as the 'Blind Abbot,' 205, 207, 211, 215

-- MacDavid, 431

-- MacWilliam, 44

Burkes, or Bourkes, of Clanwilliam, in Limerick, 326

Burke, Sir William, chief of the Limerick Burkes and created Baron of Castle Connell, 45

-- Theobald, son of the foregoing, 23

Burnell, Henry, 143

Burren, 311, 365

Burrishoole, 44, 176

Bute, 138

Butler family, 41, 86, 308, and _see_ under Ormonde, Dunboyne, Cahir, and Mountgarret

-- Piers, Ormonde's brother, 65, 96

-- Lady Elizabeth, Ormonde's daughter, afterwards married to Sir Richard Preston, 359, 384

-- Sir Theobald, afterwards Baron of Cahir of Cahir, 31

Butler, James _Galdie_, of Cahir, brother of Thomas Lord Cahir, 325, 326

-- Eleanor, sister of Richard Lord Mountgarret, married to Thomas Lord Cahir, 309

-- Piers, Ormonde's natural son, 117

Butleraboo, 38

Buttevant, 46

Button, Captain, 401

Cadiz, 164, 266

Cahir, 31, 96; besieged by Essex, 325, 329, 332, 377

-- Thomas Butler, Baron of, 325, 333, 465

Calais, 174, 181

Calderon, Coco, 173

Callan, in Kilkenny, 141

-- River, in Armagh, 298

Cambridge, 163

Campbell, Lady Agnes, married to Tirlogh Luineach O'Neill, 130

Campion, the Jesuit, 52, 455

Campo, Alonso del, 408

Canterbury: _see_ Bancroft

Cantire, 128, 139

Canutius, 78

Caraçena, Marquis of, 425

Carbery, in Cork, 201

Carbury, in Sligo, 208

Carew, Sir George, afterwards Earl of Totnes, Master of the Ordnance 1588, Lord President of Munster 1600, 36, 45; at Glenmalure, 61-63, 160, 168, 172, 192, 217, 218; consulted in England 239, 305; Essex dislikes him, 314, 326, 328; President of Munster, 353-356, 359-361, 363-365, 378-382, 384, 390, 392, 396; his services before Kinsale, 399, 400, 402-404, 406, 407, 412-414, 416; his reduction of Munster 419-424; his spies, 423; very tired of Ireland, 433, 434, 448; fond of tobacco, 455, 465

-- Sir Peter, the younger, brother of the foregoing, 61-63

-- Castle, in Pembrokeshire, 123

-- -- near Bantry, 419

Carey, Sir George, Vice-Treasurer, 345, 395, 436

Carleile, Captain, 138, 139

Carlingford, 141, 276, 320, 369, 372

Carlos, Don, 258

Carlow, 6, 8, 371, 443

Carlow County, 20, 88, 166, 323

Carmelites, 193, 253

Carnew, 330

Carrick-on-Suir, 96, 230

Carrickfergus, 8, 138, 139, 141, 261, 289, 290, 320, 322, 361, 394, 396, 418

Carrigadrohid, 55

Carrigafoyle, 30; taken by Pelham 42-44, 378, 406, 420

Carrigaholt, 175, 311

Carrigaline River, 194, 400, 401, 419, 466

Carriganass, 420

Carriganeady: _see_ Castle Hyde

Carriglea, 312

Carrigrohan, 304

Carter, Arthur, 21, 33

Cartwright, Thomas, 471

Carusse, William, 67

Cary, Peter, 146

Case, Captain, 83

Casey, Richard, M.P. for Mullingar, 141

Cashel, in Tipperary, 30, 45, 46, 102, 141, 353, 354, 377, 381

-- Archbishop of: _see_ Magrath

-- in Queen's County, 324, 371

Castille, 164

Castlebar, 153

Castle Connell, 23, 45, 326

-- Derg, 427, 428

Castledermot, 8

Castle Haven, 95, 402; occupied by Spaniards, 405, 408, 412, 413, 419, 424

-- Hyde, 306

-- Ishin, 365, 366

Castleisland, 39, 41, 46, 68, 111, 378

Castle Keran, 339

-- Kevin, 89, 339

-- Lyons, 94, 328

Castlemagner, 304

Castlemaine, 11, 12, 42, 47-49, 70, 111-113, 382, 406

Castle Martin, 137

Castlemore-Costello, 155

Castle Park, 401

Castlereagh, 431

Castle Toome, 418, 434

Castletown Berehaven, 421

-- Delvin, 388

-- Roche, 312

Castle Wellan, 456

Cavan County, 140, 320, 340, 410 442

Cavan Town, 245

Cé, or Key, Lough, 338

Cecil, Sir Robert, 162, 255, 265, 275, 281, 282, 287; effect of his French mission on Ireland, 293-295; promotes Sir Arthur Chichester, 322; his attitude towards Essex, 333, 346, 348, 349; his policy about the succession, 366, 369; well-informed about Spanish intentions, 376, 379; sends Desmond to Ireland, 380-385; will not have Raleigh for Lord Deputy, 381, 388; Tyrone's feelings to him, 394, 398; anxious to obtain terms for Tyrone, 415; his naval policy, 417; his spies, 426, 433, 437; encourages tobacco, 455; Chancellor of Dublin University, 471; Bacon's advice to him about toleration, 474

Chamberlain, Sir John, 373

Charlemont, 438, 439

Charles II., King, 445, 448

Charleville, 365

Cheek, or Cheke, Henry, 3

Cheke, John, 73

Cheshire, 14, 106, 163, 249

Chester, 27, 250, 322, 451

Chichester, Sir Arthur, Lord Deputy after James's accession, 131, 289; attracts the notice of Essex, 321; in command at Carrickfergus, 322, 394; co-operates with Mountjoy, 417, 418, 434, 435

-- -- John, brother of the foregoing, his defeat and death, 289, 290

Christ Church, Dublin, 8, 132, 133

Cistercians, 385

Civita Vecchia, 6

Clancare, Donnell MacCarthy More, created Earl of, 12, 40, 42, 46-50, 56, 111, 112; wastes his substance in dissipation, 200, 201, 293

-- Countess of, Lady Honora Fitzgerald, 200, 293

Clancy, Boetius, 141, 175

Clandeboye, 64, 130

Clandonnells, 152, 205

Clanmaurice, 47

Clanricarde, Richard Burke, 2nd Earl of, 88, 92, 103

-- Ulick, Earl of, son of the foregoing, 13, 26, 64, 81, 92, 93, 103; becomes Earl, 104, 119; suspected of killing his half-brother, 120, 125; Commissioner in Connaught, 147, 152, 154; his gallantry, 214, 216, 256, 279, 284, 301, 347, 365, 366

Clanricarde, Richard, 4th Earl of, son of the foregoing, 284, 338; does good service at Kinsale, 408, 409, 414; gains Elizabeth's favour, 453; marries Lady Essex, 454: _see_ Dunkellin

-- district, 366

-- Frances, Countess of: _see_ Essex

Clare, or Thomond, County of, 125, 127, 141, 147, 148, 175, 176, 188, 189, 266, 285, 301, 310, 311, 365, 366: _see_ Thomond

Clare Castle, 365

-- Galway, 44

-- Island, 190

Clavijo, Don Bartholomeo Paez de, 402

Clear, Cape, 180, 181

Clement VIII. (Aldobrandini), Pope, 400

Clere, David, 463

Clew Bay, 20, 38, 44, 175, 189, 193

Clifford, Sir Conyers, Governor of Connaught, 276, 278, 279, 284-286, 294, 301, 310, 311, 335, 336; his defeat and death, 337; his character, 388, 429, 432, 439

Clinton, Captain Thomas, 69, 71

Clogher, 263

Clones, 202, 234

Clonfert, 470

Clonlish, 89

Clonloan, 151

Clonmel, 41, 52, 107, 169, 325, 381, 400, 421

Clontubrid, 257

Cloyne, 95, 98, 107, 381: _see_ Bishops Lyon and Creagh

Cobos, Alonso de, 268

Coimbra, 3

Coke, Sir Edward, 232

Coleraine, 130, 137-139, 187

Collins, Jesuit, 424: _see_ O'Colan

Collooney, 154, 386

Colton, 269

Columba, or Columbkille, St., 130, 183

Comerford, Gerald, attorney-general of Connaught, afterwards Baron of the Exchequer, 206, 215

Como, Cardinal, 116-119

Compostella, 472

Condon, Patrick, 85, 94, 101, 108, 112, 116, 307

Conn, Lough, 216

Conna, 327, 328

Connaught: _see_ under the several counties

-- composition in, 147

Connello, 35, 377-379, 409

Connemara, 189

Constable, Captain, 290, 331

Contarini, Gaspar, 462

Conway, Chancellor of St. Patrick's, 133

-- Captain, 269

Coolmine, 133

Corcomroe Abbey and Barony, 311, 365

Cordova, Don Luis de, 176, 177, 192

Corgrage, 305

Corkaguiny, 42

Cork, 12, 26, 27, 33, 49, 55, 64, 72, 76, 77, 80, 84, 94, 102, 103, 107, 126, 149, 169; its condition when the Armada came, 172, 201, 249, 292, 305-307, 312, 328, 361; prefers agitators as mayors, 381, 391, 396, 398; the Spaniards aim at it, 399-401, 407, 412, 415, 417, 419, 429; called 'the best city,' 450, 457

Cork County, 35, 46, 55, 96, 104, 106, 108, 112, 141, 198, 199, 304, 354, 406, 443

-- harbour, 119, 149; story of Drake, 194, 399

-- Cloyne, and Ross, bishops of, 107, 463, 465: _see_ Lyon, Creagh, Tanner, and MacEgan

Cornwall, 106, 446

Corrib, Lough, 205

Corunna, 10, 39, 69, 77, 173, 183, 194, 399, 405, 424

Cosby, Francis, 61, 63

Cosby, Alexander, 272, 298, 302

Coshbride, 35

Courcey, Lord, 455: _see_ Lord Kinsale

Courtenay, Thomas, 19-21

-- Sir William, 305

Cox, Seth, 331

Crawford, a Scot, 285

Creagh, Dermot, papal Bishop of Cork and Cloyne 1580 till after 1603, 107, 309, 357, 465

Croft, Sir James, 472

Croghane, 301

Cromwell, Oliver, 326, 407

Croom, 328, 378, 409

Crumlin, 246

Cuellar, Captain Francisco de, 182-188, 216, 285, 450, 465

Cuffe, Henry, Essex's Secretary in Ireland, 369, 389

Culmore, 361, 377

Cumberland, 14

Curlew mountains, 154, 263, 336, 427, 429, 432, 443

Cusack, Robert, Baron of the Exchequer, 99

-- Edward, 99

-- John, 99-101

Dalkey, 123

Daly, Daniel, 205

Daniel, William, Archbishop of Tuam from 1609, 473

Dantzig, 451

Danvers, Sir Charles, 369

-- Sir Henry, 328, 368, 393, 414, 439

Dartrey, 203

Davies, Sir John, 131, 453; on the Irish Church, 469, 470

Davison, Secretary, 128

Decies, 39, 45, 56, 73, 169, 331

-- Viscount, 169: _see_ Sir James Fitzgerald of Decies

Delahide, James, 144

-- Laurence, 144

De la Roche, a French naval adventurer, 3, 4, 12

Delvin, 370

-- Christopher Nugent, Baron of, 80-83, 91, 99, 116, 117, 159, 353, 370

Den, James, 11

Denny, Sir Edward, 305, 378

-- Lady, 174

Derbyshire, recruiting there for Irish service, 248, 249

Dering, Captain, 55

Derninsh, 182

Derrinlaur, 325

Derry, 187, 296; Docwra's settlement there, 362, 363, 375; a hungry place, 434

-- County, 417

-- See of, 149, 459, 465: _see_ O'Gallagher

Derryvillane, 305

Desmond, part of Kerry and Cork, 188, 420

-- Gerald Fitzgerald, 16th Earl of, 8, 12, 17, 19-22, chapters xxxvii., xxxviii., and xxxix. _passim_, 118, 119, 142; attainted, 150, 169, 170, 198, 256, 297, 302, 303, 360, 400, 433, 443

-- Eleanor Butler, Countess of, wife of the foregoing, 17, 27, 42, 54, 57, 68, 91, 95, 96, 105, 108, 116

Desmond, James, 17th and last Earl of, called the 'Queen's Earl,' son of the two foregoing, 27, 96, 202, 364, 366; his failure and death, 379-384, 390

-- Sir John Fitzgerald of, brother of the 16th Earl, 8; murders Henry Davells, 21; the Pope's general, 25-28, 30, 34, 48, 54-56, 65, 70, 71, 83, 91; slain, 94; attainted, 150

-- Sir James Fitzgerald of, brother of the foregoing, 20, 22, 27, 28, 36, 48; slain, 55, 70; attainted, 150

-- Sir Thomas Roe Fitzgerald of, son of the 15th Earl by Catherine Roche, 45, 89, 112, 199, 303, 304

-- the _Sugane_ Earl of, son of the foregoing: _see_ James Fitzthomas

-- Sir Richard Preston created Earl of, by James I., 384

Deventer, 28; conduct of Irish troops at, 161-163

Devil's Hook 204: and _see_ Richard Burke

Devereux: _see_ Essex

-- Lady Dorothy, 232

-- Lady Penelope: _see_ Rich

Devon, Devonshire, 2, 20, 26, 28, 52, 106

Dillon, Sir Lucas, 157

-- Sir Robert, Chief Justice of, 100, 121, 204, 206-208

-- Theobald, 159, 166

Dingle, or Dingle-y-coosh, 11-13, 37, 41, 42, 47, 48, 68, 72, 78, 83, 111, 113, 127, 137, 141, 420, 446

Dinish, 421

Disert, 65

Dobbyn, Patrick, 31

Docwra, Sir Henry, 320, 352, 355; his settlement at Derry, 361-363, 365, 371, 373-377, 417, 427, 428, 434, 436

Doddington, Captain, 423

Dominicans, 193, 207, 208

Donaghmoyne, 339

Donegal town and monastery, 197, 227, 263, 285, 376, 403, 428

-- County, 178, 189, 190, 193, 197, 216, 244, 279, 373, 417, 427: and _see_ Tyrconnell

Donellan, Nehemiah, Archbishop of Tuam, 1595-1609, 473

Donore, 388

Doria, 1

Douai, 461, 472

Douglas, Thomas, 436

Dowdall, Captain, 45

Down County, 141

Downpatrick, 141, 392, 455, 456

Down and Connor, Bishopric, 466, 468: _see_ Magrath and O'Devany

Dowrough, James ne, 193

Drake, Sir Francis, 66, 75, 164, 172; tradition of him at Cork, 194, 320

Draperstown, 443

Drogheda, 67, 117, 164, 192, 226, 322, 340, 342, 370, 391, 448, 466

Dromahaire, 184

Dromana, 39

Dromoland, 192

Dromore, Bishopric of, 459

Drumane, 244

Drumcliff, 183, 285

Drumcondra in Meath, 341

Drury, Sir William, Lord President of Munster, Lord Justice in 1579, 3, 8-10, 12, 17, 20, 22; last services and death, 25-27, 43

Dublin, social condition, 448-451; early printers in, 472, 473

-- Archbishopric of: _see_ Loftus, Jones, and Oviedo

-- University, 131-135, 459, 471, 472: _see_ Trinity College

Duffry, 320

Duhallow, 101, 112

Duke, Davy, 163, 164

Duke, Sir Henry, 216, 244

Dunalong, 373

Dunanynie, 138

Dunbeg, 175, 188, 311

Dunboy, 406, 412, 413, 419; siege of, 421-425

Dunboyne, Lord, 31, 45, 143, 384, 400

Duncannon, 330

Dundalk, 137, 171, 227, 228, 237, 252-254, 255, 261, 265-267, 270, 291, 297, 344, 369, 371-373, 392, 393, 418

Dundee, Grahame of Claverhouse, Viscount, 301

Dungannon, 9, 171, 190, 197, 227, 235, 236, 243, 245, 254, 287, 359, 394, 418, 434, 438

-- Barony of, 64, 129, 140, 170: _see_ Earl of Tyrone

Dungarvan, 39, 328

Dunkellin, Barony in Galway, 104; Lord, afterwards Earl of Clanricarde, 284: _see_ Clanricarde, Richard, Earl of

Dunloe, 49

Dunluce, 129, 130, 146, 150, 151, 180, 186, 189, 290

-- as a title, 291: _see_ James MacSorley MacDonnell

Dunmanus Bay, 361

Dunmoylan, 305

Dunnemark, 419

Dunqueen, 308

Dursey Island, 12, 422

Dutch, 137, 145, 188

Dutton, Captain, 428

Dymmok, John, 287; his 'Treatise of Ireland,' 323, 337, 449

Edenduffcarrick, or Shane's Castle, 289

Edinburgh, 128, 289

Edward III., King, 165

Edward VI., King, 395; his Irish Prayer-book, 472, 473

Egerton, Charles, 289, 290, 367

-- Sir Thomas, 231, 346

Elizabeth, Queen, her parsimony, 8; treated as a usurper by the Popes, 13-16; her feminine supremacy a continuation of Eve's heresy, 18, 25; her supremacy scouted, 51; has no wish to be an exterminator, 59, 74; approves the Smerwick massacre, 75, 87, 91, 94-97; gives Ormonde a free hand, 110-112; makes no objection to O'Hurley's torture, 118, 123, 124, 129, 135-137, 148, 151; reported to be dying, 153; cannot realise the Armada, 165, 167; called a false siren, 193, 200; her attitude to James VI., 216; seems sorry for Perrott, 232; her new way to pay old debts, 240, 243, 256; unwilling to begin the Tyrone war, 259-263; repudiates the dispensing power, 264, 273, 278, 280; will not let knighthood be made cheap, 281, 286, 287; her exhortation to Ormonde, 291; reviles the Irish Council, 300; Essex's only friend, 313; boxes his ears, 314; dances with him, 318; her ideas about knighthood, 321; her letters to Lady Norris, 288, 328; criticises Essex, 333, 335; blames Essex severely, 342, 343, 345; her reception of Essex on his return, 346; consults Raleigh, 351, 352; cautions Mountjoy, 353; her dislike to name a successor, 366, 373; her hesitation about making a new Desmond, 380-382; provides for the Desmond ladies, 384; her letter to Mountjoy, 386, 389; is persuaded to debase the coinage, 395; deposed by three Popes, 400; Spanish admiration of her, 410, 414; gives audience at daybreak, 415; her unwillingness to spare Tyrone, 433; her attitude to James VI., 436; her last offers to Tyrone, 437; her death, with reflections, 439; her regret for Essex, 454; founds Trinity College, 470; provides a printing-press with Irish types, 473; her practical toleration while refusing to exercise a dispensing power, 264, 474

Ellogh, 362

Elphin, 214

Ely O'Carroll, 352

Emden, 162

Emly, Bishop of, 468

Ennell, Lough, 388

Ennis, 311, 365

Enniskillen, 235, 244, 245; its strategic importance, 286

Ennistymon, 311

Enriquez, Don Pedro, 411

Erne, Lough and River, 153, 154, 227, 234, 235, 245, 256, 276, 284-286, 429, 447

Erris Head, 180

Esmond, Captain Laurence, 331

Essex, Robert, Earl of, Lord Lieutenant in 1599, 202, 203, 232, 248, 251, 265, 275, 281-284, 288, 293-295, 310, 312; chapter xlviii. _passim_, 351-353, 360, 368, 369, 378, 388-390, 394, 418, 439, 454

-- Frances Walsingham, Countess of, 454

Eustace, James: _see_ Viscount Baltinglas

-- Edmund, brother of the foregoing, 91, 193

-- Walter, brother of the two foregoing, 91

-- a civilian, 81

-- Edward, 226

Eustaces, in rebellion, 323

Eve, a Devonshire man, 52

Falmouth, 71

Falstaff, 249

Farnese, Alexander, 162, 174, 188

Farney, 201-203, 339, 390

Faroe Islands, 174

Fartullagh, 335

Faughard, 372

Feale River, 41, 42, 109

Fenit, 69

Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, Chief Secretary from 1581, 32, 57, 83; hostile to Ormonde, 85; his opinion of Grey, 97, 103, 104, 117; his ideas about making Irish rebels devour each other, 103, 121, 124, 132, 151, 157; imprisoned by Perrott, 158, 181; his account of the Armada, 188-190, 235; in the North, 264-268, 275, 278, 295, 320, 380, 405; his proposal about Scotch powder, 451; his connection with Spenser, 457; his version of Guicciardini, _ib._

-- Edward, brother of the foregoing, 46, 49

-- James, brother of the two foregoing, 95

Fergus River, 365

Feria, Duke of, 1

Fermanagh, 202, 227, 237, 244, 321, 468

Fermoy, 96, 328

Ferns, considered a county, 141

Ferrara, 3

Ferroll, 66

Ffrehan, John, M.P. for Philipstown, 141

Fingal, 319

Finisterre, Cape, 399

Finniterstown, 327

Fitton, Sir Edward, Vice-Treasurer in 1579, 10, 32

FitzEdmond, John, of Cloyne, a Fitzgerald, 95, 98, 381

Fitzgerald, Earls of Desmond: _see_ under Desmond

Fitzgerald, Earls of Kildare: _see_ under Kildare

Fitzgerald, Sir John and Sir James, brothers of Gerald, Earl of Desmond: _see_ under Desmond

Fitzgerald, Lady Margaret, daughter of Gerald, Earl of Desmond, married to Dermot O'Connor, 360, 364, 366, 384

-- Lady Joan, sister of the foregoing, married to O'Sullivan Bere, 384

-- Lady Catherine, sister of the two foregoing, married to Lord Roche, 384

Fitzgerald, Lady Ellen, sister of the three foregoing, married to Lord Dunboyne, 384

-- Lady Ellice, sister of the four foregoing, married to Sir Valentine Brown, 384

-- Sir Thomas Roe, half-brother of Gerald, Earl of Desmond, but considered illegitimate: _see_ under Desmond

-- James and John Fitzthomas, sons of the foregoing: _see_ under Fitzthomas

-- James Fitzjohn, cousin of Gerald, Earl of Desmond, 94

-- FitzEdmond: _see_ under John FitzEdmond and under Imokilly, Seneschal of

-- the White Knight, 326, 377

-- the Knight of Kerry, 48

-- William, brother of the foregoing, 112

-- the Knight of Glin, 36, 378

-- Sir James of Decies, 56, 73; created a Viscount, 169: _see_ Decies

-- Sir Piers Fitzjames, 246, 302

-- Walter Reagh and his brother Gerald, chiefs of the bastard Kildare Geraldines, 168, 169, 246, 247, 272

Fitzgibbon or MacGibbon, Maurice, papal Archbishop of Cashel (died 1578), 1, 5, 116

Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald, James, at Rome, 3, 8; in France and Spain, 10; his rebellion, chapter xxxvi. _passim_, xxxvii. 28-31, 40, 45, 66, 78, 94, 117, 150, 164, 165, 193, 312, 324

-- Maurice, son of the foregoing, 3

-- Thomas, Lord of Lixnaw and Kerry, 40, 41, 45, 47, 49, 56, 68, 95, 101, 108, 112, 143, 406, 420, 443

-- Patrick, son and successor of the foregoing, 41, 47, 112, 222, 327

-- Lady Honora, 378: and _see_ O'Brien

Fitzpatrick, Barnaby, Baron of Upper Ossory, 50, 84, 85

Fitzpatricks, 309

Fitzsimon, Henry, a Jesuit, 350

Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, James, son of Sir Thomas Roe Fitzgerald, called the _Sugane_ Earl of Desmond, suspected by Raleigh, 199; is made Earl of Desmond by Tyrone and destroys the Munster settlement, 302-307, 312; defies Essex, 327, 348, 352, 361; has 1700 men under him, 363, 364, 366, 378; his final defeat, 379, 383; his capture and fate, 390-392; Cecil's opinion of him, 398, 465

Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, John, brother of the foregoing, 303, 363, 391; styled Earl of Desmond in Spain, 392

Fitzwilliam, Sir William, Lord-Deputy 1588-1594, 1, 167, 168, 171; his administration, chapters xlii.-xliv. _passim_; reflections upon it, 241, 242, 244, 245, 294, 391, 459

Flanders, 2, 13, 67, 145, 177

Fleet prison, 231

Flemings in Ireland, 10

Fleming, one, 94

-- John, 66, 67

Flemingstown, 305

Florence, Duke of, 3, 52

Florentines in Ireland, 74, 77

Flores in the Azores, 199

Florida, 1, 3

Flower, Captain, 361, 366, 378

Four Courts, 132

Fowle, Robert, 204

Foyle, Lough and River, 128, 187, 259, 300, 335, 339, 352, 353, 361, 368, 373-375, 414, 447: _see_ Derry and Docwra

Foynes, 305

France, the French, 3, 4, 10, 11, 13, 36, 77, 145, 200, 331, 414, 424, 435, 474

Francesqui, Giacomo de, 162: _see_ Jacques.

Franciscans, 193, 217, 285

Francke, John, 473

Frenchmen in Ireland, 2, 10, 20, 183

Frobisher, 66, 78

Fuller, Thomas, 1

Fullerton, James, 471, 472

Galbally, 401

Galicia, 425

Gallagher, Bishop, 464: _see_ O'Gallagher

Gallen, 137

Galty mountains, 442, 444

Galway, 11, 76, 77, 79, 93, 103, 151, 152, 156, 157, 161, 175, 177, 209, 215, 260, 269, 271, 279, 285, 396, 398, 427, 433, 452

Galway County, 140, 152, 176, 205, 263, 403, 431

Gara, Lough, 154

Gardiner, Sir Robert, Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench, from 1586, 160, 198, 237; his partiality to Tyrone, 260, 261; out of favour with the Queen, 263, 264; Lord Justice, 291, 300

Garvey, John, Bishop of Kilmore 1585; translated to Armagh in 1589, 204, 206-208, 210, 466

Gascony, 448

Gaval-Rannall, 275: _see_ O'Byrne, Feagh MacHugh

Genoese in Ireland, 77, 174

Gent, Thomas, Baron of the Exchequer in England, 198

Geraldines, in Munster, 5, 7, 19, 40, 50, 86, 103, 193, 308, 331, 332

-- in Leinster, 348

-- bastard, in Leinster, 168, 246, 247, 265, 272, 323: _see_ Fitzgerald, Walter Reagh.

Germans in Ireland, 144, 145, 452

Gerrard, or Gerard, Sir William, Lord Chancellor, 26, 32, 59, 60, 81-83, 100

-- Sir Thomas, 346

Ghent, 145, 413

Giacomo: _see_ Buoncompagno

Giants' Causeway, 172, 180

Gifford, Captain, 301

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 13, 33, 86, 88

Gill, Lough, 184, 214

Glanageenty, 113-115, 379, 443

Glandore, 361

Glanworth, 328, 400

Glasgow, 216, 451

Glenarm, 138, 290

Glenconkein, 130, 131, 418, 432, 443

Glenflesk, 47, 49, 443

Glengariffe, 420, 430-432, 443

Glenmalure, great disaster there, 61, 64, 97, 106, 226, 227, 387, 443

Glin, Knight of, 36, 41, 378, 443: _see_ Fitzgerald

Glynns, The, in Antrim, 151, 153

Godolphin, Sir William, 411, 438

Golde, James, Attorney-General, in Munster, afterwards Justice there, 13, 305, 320

Golden, 303, 326

Golding family, 48

Gormanston, Preston, Viscount, 60, 67, 68

Gort, 365, 366

Gortnaclea, 357

Gough, Edward, 309

Gowrie, 128

Grace, Piers, 45, 57, 70, 116

Granvela, Cardinal, 165, 180

Greame, Captain Richard, 379, 382

Greeks in the Armada, 180, 181

Greencastle, 320, 373

Gregory XIII., Pope 1572-1585, (Buoncompagno) employs Stukeley, 2; patronises James Fitzmaurice, 4; arms the Italian brigands against Elizabeth, 5-8; sends Fitzmaurice to Ireland, 10-12; his commission, 16, 38, 51, 116; has no money for Irishmen, 117; exercises the deposing power, 400, 468: _see_ Buoncompagno

Grenville, Sir Richard, 199

Grey de Wilton, Arthur Lord, 54, 58; his viceroyalty, 59-99 _passim_, 116, 353; introduces coaches, 442

-- Thomas, Lord, succeeded his father (the foregoing) in 1593, 323, 346, 352

Grosvenor, William, 248

Guicciardini, 447, 457

Gur, Lough, 114, 377

Hag's Castle, 151, 153

Hall, William, 67

Hally family, 48

Hamilton, James, created Lord Clandeboye, 471, 472

Hampton, Christopher, Archbishop of Armagh from 1613, 466

Harborn, William, 321

Harlem, 76

Harrington, or Harington, Sir Henry, Seneschal of Wicklow, 8, 144, 247 his defeat near Wicklow, 328, 329, 332, 337

-- Sir John, author of _Nugæ Antiquæ_, &c. cousin of the foregoing, 323, 324, 326, 327, 330, 331, 335, 337; his account of Tyrone at home, 344

Harvey, Captain Roger, 414, 429

Harwich, 71

Hatton, Sir Christopher, 202, 232

Hawkins, Sir Henry, 66

Heath, Captain, 276

Hebrides, Hebrideans, 43, 129, 138

Helbry Island, 319

Hely, Archbishop: _see_ O'Hely

Heneage, Sir Thomas, 448

Henry V., King, 144, 320

Henry VIII., King, 18, 20, 110, 147, 166, 221, 232, 314, 398, 432

-- III., King of France, 4

Henry IV., King of France, 250, 474

Henry, Cardinal of Portugal, 8

Henshaw, Captain, 276

Herbert, Sir William, 305, 378

-- Sir Edward, 244

Heywood, John, 453

Hill, Moses, 290

Hogan, Edmund, 7

-- Vicar Apostolic, 350

Holland, Hollanders, 44, 52, 166, 167

-- Irish soldiers in, 161-163

Hollingsworth, Captain, 44

Holy Cross Abbey, 23, 312, 353

Holyhead, 25, 139, 242

Honora, 357

Honorius, 232

Hooker, or Hooker-Vowell, John, the chronicler, 20, 23, 29, 56, 61, 63, 72, 75

-- Richard, author of _Ecclesiastical Polity_, 471

Hopton, Lieutenant of the Tower, 232

Horgett family, 48

Hovenden or Ovington, Henry, Tyrone's secretary, 190-192, 267, 268, 341, 342

Hovenden, Richard, brother of the foregoing, 190-192

Howard, Lord, of Effingham: _see_ Nottingham

Howth, 353: _see_ St. Lawrence

Hunsdon, Lord, 23

Hurley, Thomas, 141

Hyde, Arthur, 199, 305, 306

Ibane, 360

Idrone, 6

Ijssel, 162

Ikerrin, 403

Ilfracombe, 26

Imokilly, John FitzEdmond Fitzgerald, Seneschal of, 33, 34, 55, 56, 85, 94, 96, 102, 105, 107, 108, 112, 116; his death, 222; his successor appointed by the Sugane Earl of Desmond, 306

Inchiquin, Barony, 311

-- Murrogh O'Brien, 4th Baron of, 285

Indies, 2

Ineen Duive, or Black Agnes: _see_ MacDonnell

Inglefield, Sir Francis, 77

Inistioge, 141

Inniscarra, 354

Innisfallen, 49

Innishannon, 409

Innishowen, 153, 189, 190

Inquisition, the, 2, 6, 7, 117

Iraghticonnor, 443

Ireland, a Spanish duchy, 1, 3

Isla, 128

Island Magee, 290

Italians in Ireland, 5, 7, 69-77, 162, 174, 191, 423

Italy, Italians, 5, 7, 36, 100, 145, 177, 423

Iveragh, 423

Jacques, Captain or Lieutenant, Giacomo de Francesqui, so called, 159, 162

James, a Protestant clergyman, 272

James, King, 6th of Scotland and 1st of England, 129, 137, 146, 150, 151, 153; gives O'Rourke up to England, 216; knights James MacDonnell, 289; his relations with Essex, 366-368; creates a new Desmond, 384, 426; his relations with Tyrone and with Elizabeth 435, 436; proclaimed in Dublin, 439, 449; his secret agents in Ireland, 471

James II., King, the dispensing power, 264; the brass money, 395, 396

Jehangir, 44

Jennings, Captain, 327

Jephson, Captain, 456

Jersey, 11, 12

Jesuits in Ireland, 4; keep a school at Youghal, 33, 69, 163, 193; very numerous, 245; boast of their success, 349, 355; their energy, 462

Jews, 16

Jones, Thomas, Dean of St. Patrick's 1581, Bishop of Meath 1584, Archbishop of Dublin 1605, 125, 132; what Swift said about him, 133; a special commissioner in Connaught, 203, 204, 206-208; rebuked by Walsingham, 209, 211, 212; marries Tyrone to Mabel Bagenal, 224, 225; Perrott's enemies seek him, 229, 292; preaches before Essex, 322; his notes on abuses in the Church, 469, 470, 474, 476

Jones, Sir Henry, 123

Joyce family, 152, 204

Julian, Captain, 42, 43

Kanturk, 49

Kavanagh, clan, 135, 246, 297, 309, 443

-- Art, 223

-- Brian MacDonogh, 356

-- Donnell Spaniagh, 323, 331, 371

Kearney, Patrick, M.P. for Cashel, 141

-- John, 473

-- William, 255, 473

Keate, a settler in Munster, 198

Kells, in Meath, 257, 279, 339, 340

-- in Antrim, 137

Kenmare Bay, 36

Kenry, 36, 126, 127: _see_ Pallaskenry

Kerry, Fitzmaurice's descent in, 12, 20, 31, 41, 47, 57, 66, 68; Spanish descent in, 69, 70, 78, 95, 96, 108-112; considered as safe as Middlesex, 169; the Armada on the coast, 172, 173, 188, 198; flight of English settlers from, 305, 378, 379, 406; its pacification by Carew, 420; strongholds there, 443

-- Knight of, 48, 420

-- cattle, 446

Key, or Cè, Lough, 338

Kilbritain, 455

Kilcolman, granted to Spenser, 198, 199, 292; sacked and burned, 304, 457

Kilcommon, in Wicklow, 137

Kilcornan, in Limerick, 272

Kilcrea, 430

Kilcullen, 323

Kildare, 388

-- County, 102, 323, 370

-- Gerald Fitzgerald, eleventh Earl of, 19, 26, 29, 53, 54; in charge of the Pale, 80-82; a prisoner, 83; his intrigue with the Pope, 117, 134; dies in London, 140

Kildare, Henry, twelfth Earl of, son of the foregoing, 246; dies in Ulster, 286

-- William, thirteenth Earl of, brother of the foregoing, drowned in the Channel, 319

-- Gerald, fourteenth Earl of, (descendant of the ninth Earl), 335, 348

Kilkenny, 8, 29, 38, 72, 87, 113, 141, 309, 310, 305, 319, 399, 416

-- County, 166, 307

Killala, Donough O'Gallagher, Papal bishop of, 18

Killaloe, Cornelius O'Mulrian, Papal bishop of, 6, 10, 18, 69, 90, 462

-- rival bishops of, 459

Killarney, 49, 384, 443

Killilagh, 175

Killybegs, 178, 189, 376

Kilmacduagh, 79

Kilmakilloge, 421

Kilmallock, 24, 26, 27, 39, 43, 46, 56, 58, 107, 108, 141, 169, 307, 365, 366, 377, 379; strange scene there, 383

Kilmore, Bishop of, 204: _see_ Garvey

Kiltinan, 400

Kinel-Connell (tribe name of the O'Donnells), 408

-- Owen (tribe name of the O'Neills), 408

King's County, 166, 263; dialogue on its condition, 302, 323, 370, 403, 443

Kinsale, 19, 32, 72, 112, 149, 361, 381; siege of, 398-413; reflections on it, 414, 417, 419, 465

-- De Courcey, Baron of, 112, 455

Kinsella (tribe name of the Kavanaghs, &c.), 6

Kirton, Lieutenant Francis, 423

Knockacroghery, 175

Knockfime, 175

Knockgraffon, 96

Knock Robin, 401

Knockvicar, 431, 432

Knollys, Sir William, 314, 315

Knolt family, 48

Lacy, Piers, 302, 306, 378, 393

Lagan River, at Belfast, 289

-- -- in Monaghan, 340

Lambert, Sir Oliver, 427

Lancashire, 14, 106, 466, 475

Lane, one, 275

Larne, 151

Lasso, Rodrigo de, 192

Latin, 456

Laud, Archbishop, 390, 445

Latwar, Rev. Dr., 392

League, the, 424

Leane, Lough, Killarney, 49

Lecale, 418

Lee River, 354

Lee, Henry, 367

-- Captain Thomas, 168, 197, 238, 239, 244, 265, 275, 324

Legge, Robert, 197

Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, 87, 121, 153, 161, 162, 167, 208, 317

Leighlin, or Leighlin Bridge, 8, 39, 135

-- See of: _see_ Meredith

Leinster, a Spanish duchy or marquisate, 1, 6

Leitrim County, 34, 216, 279, 423, 443

Leitrim Castle, 63, 79, 432

-- Barony of, in Co. Galway, 104, 119, 120: _see_ Burke, Sir John Shamrock

Leix, 334, 348, 357

Lennox, Duke of, 436

Leo X., Pope, 51

Leonard, Margaret, 230

Lepanto, 2

Le Strange, Sir Thomas, 166, 204

Levant, the, 2

Leveson, Admiral Sir Richard, 402, 404, 405, 417

Leyva, Alonso de Leyva, 177-180, 194, 204

Liffey River, 61, 132, 226, 323, 369

Lifford, 137, 375, 376

Limerick, 12, 22, 23, 26-28, 30, 41, 44, 45, 50, 54, 56, 72, 76, 77, 83, 107, 126, 127, 149, 165, 172, 199, 217, 287, 306, 311, 327, 377, 381, 398

-- County, 46, 68, 70, 72, 104, 106, 108, 111, 141, 198, 302, 305, 404, 443

Lisbon, 6, 11, 183, 194, 399, 472

Liscahan, 378

Liscannor, 175

Liscarroll, 430

Lisdoonvarna, 175

Lisfinnen, 35

Lismore, 39, 327, 379

Lismore diocese: _see_ Magrath

Listowel, 41

Littleton, 381

Liverpool, 451

Lixnaw Castle, 378, 420

Lixnaw, Baron of: _see_ Thomas, Lord Fitzmaurice

Loftus, Adam, Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Keeper in 1579 and from 1581 to 1603, Lord Chancellor after that, ... Lord Justice 1582, 1597, and 1599; ... 51, 53, 60, 82, 92, 97; willing to pardon Desmond, 104, 116, 120-122; on bad terms with Perrott, 124, 125; his dispute with Perrott about St. Patrick's, 133-135; his influence on legislation, 142, 143, 146; his enmity to Perrott, 157-159; accused of corruption, 197; his connection with Bishop Jones, 212, 217; his contribution to Perrott's ruin, 229, 237; Lord Justice, 291, 300, 345, 466; first provost of Trinity College, 470, 471, 474, 476

-- Captain Adam, son of the foregoing, 330, 332

Lombard, Peter, titular Primate 1601-1625, 459

London aldermen, as a standard to compare soldiers by, 40

London Bridge, 114

Londonderry, siege of, 414

-- County, 130, 434, 443

Long, John, Archbishop of Armagh, 125, 457, 466-468

Longford County, 141, 323

-- Barony, in Galway, 104

Loop Head, 175

Lope de Vega, 193

Loughrea, Castle and Barony of, 79, 104, 365

Loughros Bay, 178, 189

Louth County, 323, 370

-- Mills of, 340

Louvain, 116, 461, 472

Love, Captain, 399

Loyola, 462

Lucas, a pet name for Ormonde, 52

Lugnaquilla mountain, 61

Lutherans, 184, 192

Luzon, Don Alonso de, 187, 191, 192

-- Don Diego de, 192

Lynch, William, 474

Lyon, William, Bishop of Ross 1582, and of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross 1586-1617, describes military abuses, 102; praised by Bramhall, 463, 464

Macauliffe, 47, 49, 112

MacBaron, Sir Cormac O'Neill: _see_ O'Neill

MacBrien (O'Goonagh), 23

-- Grace, 96

MacCarthy, Florence, 85, 163; his importance, 201; the Queen's gift to him, 240, 293; his notions of loyalty, 360, 361, 363, 378, 402, 420, 426

-- Donnell, Clancare's natural son, 201, 241

-- Donnell na Pipy, 56

-- Reagh, chief of Carbery, 56, 112, 201, 420, 455

-- Sir Cormac MacDermot, 112, 328, 406, 429, 430

-- Sir Cormac MacTeigue, 45, 46, 55

-- More, 49, 200, 201

-- MacCarthies, 47, 292, 293, 327, 398

-- MacDonogh, chief of Duhallow, 101, 112

-- Dermot Moyle, 420

-- Dermot, called Don Dermutio by the Spaniards, 402

-- Lady Ellen, married to Florence MacCarthy, 200: _see_ Clancare.

MacClancy, MacGlannahie, Manglana, 184-186, 191, 216

MacCoghlans, 92, 263

MacCowlie, MacCoolie: _see_ MacMahon

MacCragh, Donogh, 112

MacDermot, of Moyling, in Roscommon, 263, 337, 365, 403

MacDevitt, a sept of O'Dogherties, Hugh Boy, Phelim Reagh, 377

MacDonnell, Sorley boy, 10, 64, 130, 138-140, 150; comes to terms with the Queen, 151, 180, 435

-- Alaster MacSorley, eldest son of the foregoing, 150, 151, 289

-- Donnell MacSorley, brother of the foregoing, 289

-- James MacSorley, brother of the two foregoing, 289, 290; called 'Dunluce,' 291

-- Randal MacSorley, first Earl of Antrim, brother of the three foregoing, 289, 290, 394, 406, 436

MacDonnell, Alaster and Angus, nephews to Sorley Boy, 138, 151, 153

-- Donnell Gorme, 130, 136, 153

-- Ineen Duive, or Black Agnes, mother of Hugh Roe O'Donnell, wife of Sir Hugh O'Donnell, 171, 190, 196, 221, 222: _see_ O'Donnell

-- Ustian, 129, 130, 203

MacDonnells, 18, 128, 138-140, 192

MacDonogh, 49

MacDonogh MacCarthy, 101, 112

MacEgan, Owen, sometimes called Bishop of Ross, the Pope's vicar in Munster, 422, 425, 429, 464, 465

MacFynyn, a leader of Munster kerne, 49, 112

MacGawran, Edmund, titular Primate of all Ireland, 1587-1593; slain 233, 234, 243, 465

MacGeohegan, Ross, 65

-- Brian, half-brother of the foregoing, 65

-- Richard, 421, 423

MacGeohegan's castle, 388

MacGibbons, 47: _see_ Fitzgibbon.

MacGrath and Creagh, or MacCraghe, Bishop Dermot, 465: _see_ Creagh

Machary, James, 194

MacHugh, Feagh: _see_ O'Byrne

MacKenna, 203, 227, 228: _see_ Trough

Mackworth, Captain, 75, 76, 194, 354

Macleans, 128, 129

MacMahon, Sir Ross, chief of Monaghan, 202

-- Hugh Roe, brother of the foregoing, 202

-- Brian MacHugh Oge, 202, 203, 239, 407

-- Ever MacCoolie, 203, 341, 390

-- Teig, of Co. Clare, 311

MacMahons, of Co. Monaghan, 234, 247, 261, 262, 352, 406

MacMorris, 48

MacMurrough, Dermot, 470

Macroom, 55, 430

MacQuillins, 130

MacShanes, sons of Shane O'Neill, 9: and _see_ O'Neill

MacShane, Morris, not an O'Neill, 199

MacSheehys, Sheehys, Clan Sheehy. Desmond gallowglasses, 29, 112, 271, 278, 292

MacSheehy, Rory, a leader of the foregoing, 55

MacSwiney Banagh, 179

-- Fanad, 221, 223, 253

-- Sir John, 337

-- Goran, 112, 113

-- Maelmory, 374

MacSwineys, 112, 179, 190, 216

MacThomas, Gerald, called Toneboyreagh, 108

MacWalter, Callogh: _see_ O'More

MacWilliam Iochtar, Irish title given to the chief of the Lower or Mayo Burkes, 44, 79, 92, 93, 152, 157, 205, 207, 208, 215, 260, 263, 279, 300, 365: _see_ Richard and William Burke

Madrid, 10

Magennis, Sir Hugh, chief of Iveagh in Down, 64, 130; M.P. for Down, 141, 239; his eldest son married to Tyrone's daughter, 239, and 456, 341, 392

-- Lady Sara: _see_ O'Neill

Magnylson, Tirlogh, 428

Magrath, Miler, Archbishop of Cashel and Bishop of Emly, (1571-1622); Bishop of Waterford and Lismore (1582-1589; and 1592-1608) &c. 217; Tyrone's attitude to him, 311, 312, 364; accompanies Desmond to Ireland, 381, 383; his many misdeeds, 462, 463, 468, 469: and _see_ Index to Vol. II.

-- Bishop Dermot: _see_ Creagh

-- Eugene, 359

Maguire, Cuconnaught, chief of Fermanagh, 146, 154, 202

-- Hugh, son and successor of the foregoing, married to Tyrone's daughter, 202, 219, 220, 227; in rebellion, 233, 237, 239, 249; takes Enniskillen, 252, 261, 262, 266, 276, 285, 298; in Clare, 311, 341; slain near Cork, 354, 454

-- successor of the foregoing, 454

-- or Gwire, Thomas, M.P. for Trim, 141;

Mahomet, 184

Maigue River, 28, 36, 45-47, 327, 410

Mainwaring, Mr., 305

Mal Bay, 175

Malin Head, 179

Mallow, 49, 50, 288, 305, 307, 328, 382, 383, 409, 443

Maltby, Sir Nicholas, Governor of Connaught, 20, 22, 23, 26, 28; on bad terms with Ormonde, 29, 31, 33, 36, 41; his severity in Connaught, 43, 44, 63-65, 79, 81, 87, 92; hangs Clanricarde's son, 93, 103, 104, 204

Mangerton, 420

Manners, John, of Haddon, 248, 249, 251

-- George, 250, 251

Manrique, Don Francisco, 180

Markethill, 257

Markham, Sir Griffin, 337

Marshalsea, 231

Marward, Janet, married to William Nugent, 100, 101

Mary, Queen of England, 395, 466

-- -- of Scots, 3, 6, 129

Maryborough, 39, 65, 141, 310, 334, 370, 443

Mask, Lough, 159

Maugherie, 234

Maunsell, Captain Rice, 289, 290

Mayo, 93, 137, 140, 152-154, 177, 204-216, 260, 305, 311

Meade, or Miagh, John, 141; Mayor of Cork, 381, 382, 384

Meath, 226, 319, 323, 370, 408

-- Bishop of: _see_ Jones

Medici, Catherine de, 3, 11

-- the, 462

Medina Sidonia, Duke of, 173, 174, 176, 178, 182, 188, 192

-- -- Duchess of, 178

Meelick, 137

Mellifont, 226, 438

Melville, Andrew, 471

Melvin, Lough, 184, 244

Mendoza, Don Pedro de, 176

Mercoeur, Duke de, 424

Mercurian, Everard, General of the Jesuits, 4

Meredith, Richard, Bishop of Leighlin, 229-231

Merriman, Captain Nicholas, 180, 248

Miagh: _see_ Meade

Milan, 77, 177

Milborne, a serjeant, 275

Middlesex, 169

Middleton, Marmaduke, Bishop of Waterford, 462, 463

Midleton, 85

Miltown Malbay, 175, 192

Mitchelstown, 391

Mizen Head, 42

Moile, Henry, 85

Monaghan, 202, 228, 234, 237, 252, 254, 262, 418

Monaghan County, 201, 202, 340, 390

Monasterevan, 370, 387, 388, 443

Monasternenagh, 28

Moncada, Hugo de, 178

Money, 247

Montague, Captain Charles, 299, 300, 329, 330

Montrose, James Grahame, Marquis of, 307

Moore, Colonel George, 61, 63

-- Sir Edward, 226, 245

-- -- Garret, 438

-- -- Thomas, 302

-- Neale, 371

Mordaunt, Captain Nicholas, 214

Morgan, Sir William, 84

Morocco, 7

Moryson, Sir Richard, 371, 373, 456

-- Fynes, the historian, brother of the foregoing, Mountjoy's secretary, 369, 372, 373, 386, 412, 438, 439, 450, 452, 453

Mostyn, Captain, 269

Mountgarret, Edmund Butler, second Viscount, 31, 124

-- Richard Butler, third Viscount, son of the foregoing, 308, 323, 324, 333, 465

Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Lord, Lord Deputy, 1600, 315, 318, chaps. 49-52 _passim_, 450, 452

-- Fort, 439

Mount Norris, 372, 418

Moy River, 93, 155

Moydrum, 403

Moyry Pass, 250, 363, 369, 372, 392

Mucross, 420

Mulkear River, 410

Mullaghcarne mountains, 170

Mullet, the, 181

Mullingar, 141, 156, 244, 388

Munster Presidency, 58, 87

Murrows, 87

Muskerry, 55, 406

Naas, 60, 357, 371

Nangle, Friar, 301, 344

Nantes, 474

Naples, 191

Narrow Water, 64, 320, 372

Naunton, Sir Robert, 232

Navan, 329, 370

Neagh, Lough, 64, 131, 220, 266, 289, 418, 434

Neale, the, 204

Nelson, 66

Nephin, 215

Netherlands, 2, 3, 25, 27, 58, 143, 145; Irish troops in, 161-163, 194

Netterville, Richard, 143

Newcastle, in Limerick, 35, 305

-- in Wicklow, 60

New Forest, 131

Newfoundland, 69

Newman, Darby, 236

Newrath, 340

New Ross: _see_ Ross

Newry, 128, 129, 137, 236, 238, 252-256, 261, 262, 277, 283, 287, 297, 300, 323, 362, 363, 369, 371, 372, 418, 456

Newtown Stewart, 376, 427

Norris, Lord, of Rycot, 124, 328

-- Lady, wife of the foregoing, called 'my own crow' by Queen Elizabeth, 288, 328

-- Sir John, son of the two foregoing, Lord President of Munster, 124, 126-128; in Ulster, 130, 131, 135, 138-140; M.P. for co. Cork, 141; his eloquence, 145; in Flanders, 146; slighted by Leicester, 162; recommends Irish soldiers for a descent on Spain, 194, 247; Lord General in Ireland, 251, 252, 254; disagrees with Russell, 255, 256; wounded in Armagh, 257, 259, 260, 263-271, 275; his quarrel with Russell, 276, 277-279; his relations with Lord Burgh, 282; retires to Munster, 287; his death, 288, 294, 314, 320, 330, 344, 372, 439

-- -- Thomas, brother of the foregoing and his Vice-president, Lord President after his death, 127, 141, 145, 174, 200, 217, 257, 288, 291, 293, 302, 304, 305, 307, 308, 310, 312; his death, 326, 328, 333, 363, 439; hears Spenser read his great poem, 457

-- -- Henry, brother of the two foregoing, 257, 259, 327; slain, 328, 439

-- Lady, of Mallow, widow of Sir Thomas, 382

Northumberland, County of, 1

Norway, 174

Nottingham, Lord Howard of Effingham, afterwards Earl of, Lord Admiral, 180, 315, 388

Nugent, William, 91, 92, 99, 100, 119, 209

Nugent, Sir Nicholas, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, executed, 99, 100

-- John, 363

-- Janet: _see_ Marward

O'Boyle, Niel, Bishop of Raphoe by papal provision, 1591-1611, 285

O'Brien: _see_ Thomond and Inchiquin

-- Sir Tirlogh, of Ennistymon, 141, 147, 311

-- Teig, Thomond's brother, calling himself 'the O'Brien,' 301, 310, 311

-- Donnell, brother of the foregoing, 310, 311

-- Tirlogh, 93

-- Lady Honora, Thomond's sister, married to Lord Fitzmaurice, _q. v._

O'Briens, the, 151, 285

O'Byrne, Feagh MacHugh O'Byrne, chief of the sept called Gavel-Rannall, 8, 53, 59, 60, 91, 135, 136, 164, 168, 223, 226, 239; hunted by Russell, 246; in league with Tyrone, 247, 261; retakes Ballinacor, 274; is killed, 275; his head in England, _ib._, 280, 284, 323, 387, 443

-- Cahir MacHugh, brother of the foregoing, 303, 307

-- Phelim MacFeagh, Feagh MacHugh's son, 331, 387

O'Byrnes, the, 51, 57, 88, 323, 329

O'Cahan, O'Cahans, in the present county of Londonderry, 129, 146, 186, 187, 219, 362, 363, 373, 374, 428, 434

-- Rory, 374

O'Callaghan, seated in Duhallow, co. Cork, 47, 49, 112

O'Carroll, O'Carrolls, 309, 323, 352

O'Colan, Dominick, 423, 424, 462

O'Connor, Brian MacGilpatrick, Teig MacGilpatrick, Connor MacCormac, Morrogh ne Cogge, all of Offaly, 121, 122

-- Roe, in Roscommon, 363, 365

-- Sligo, Sir Donnell, 43, 60, 147, 208

-- Cahil Oge, brother of the foregoing, 208

-- Sligo, Donough, son of Cahil, 208, 209, 279, 284, 336, 338, 365, 384, 427, 429, 432

O'Connor, Kerry, 378, 406, 431, 443

-- Eugene, Bishop of Killala (not Killaloe), 459

-- Dermot, leader of free companions, 360, 364, 366, 383, 384

O'Connors of Offaly, 8, 65, 76, 82, 92, 121, 122, 136, 194, 301, 323, 370

-- in Connaught, 191, 269, 406

O'Crean, John, 214

O'Cullen, Piers, 259

O'Daly, Geraldine historian, 7

-- bard in Munster, 419

O'Dempsey, Sir Terence, 357, 358

O'Devany, Cornelius, Papal Bishop of Down and Connor, 1582-1612, 466

O'Dogherty, Sir John, chief of Innishowen, 153, 191, 196, 197, 261, 268, 301, 321, 362, 365

-- Cahir, son of the foregoing, 377

O'Dogherties, 363, 373, 434

O'Donnell, Sir Hugh, chief of Tyrconnell, 10, 19, 60, 63, 64, 171, 190, 219, 221; resigns in his son's favour, 227

-- Hugh Roe, son and successor of the foregoing, 171, 196, 197; kidnapped by Perrott, 221; his first escape, 222; his second and final escape, 226; installed as O'Donnell, 227, 233, 235-237; married to Tyrone's daughter, 239; promises help to O'Byrne, 247, 253; very strong in Connaught, 260-262; receives Spanish aid, 268, 269, 271, 275, 276, 278, 279, 284, 285; at the Yellow Ford, 298, 299, 301; in Clare, 310, 311; overthrows Clifford, 336-338, 348, 363; harries Clare, 365, 371, 374; his last effort at Lough Foyle, 375; has help from Spain, 376, 384, 400; at Kinsale, 403-407; flies to Spain, 409, 411, 412; his death and character, 424-426, 427, 432

-- Rory, brother and successor of Hugh Roe, afterwards Earl of Tyrconnell, 409, 425-427, 429, 432, 447

-- Nuala, sister of Hugh Roe and married to Nial Garv, 375

-- Donnell, elder half-brother of Hugh Roe, and married to a daughter of Tirlogh Luineach O'Neill, 197, 221, 222

-- Calvagh, former chief of Tyrconnell, 221, 375

O'Donnell, Con, son of Calvagh, 22, (d. 1583)

-- Hugh, son of Calvagh, 171

-- Nial Garv, grandson of Calvagh, 221, 365, 375-377, 427

-- Hugh, grandson of Calvagh, and brother of the foregoing, 376

-- Donnell, brother of the foregoing, 376

-- Con, brother of the three foregoing, 376

-- Hugh Duff, descendants of, 221

-- Ineen Duive MacDonnell, wife of Sir Hugh and mother of Hugh Roe: _see_ MacDonnell

-- 128, 190 Tyrone's second wife, 223, 285, 374

O'Donoghue, More, 47, 112

-- of Glenflesk, 49

O'Donovans, 464

O'Dooleys, 335

O'Dowds, 191

O'Doyne, 8

O'Driscoll, Sir Fineen, 406

-- Dermot, 431

O'Driscolls, 413, 419, 431, 447

O'Feighy, Thomas, 391

O'Ferrall, Shane, 119

-- 140, 141

Offaly, 76, 334, 348, 357, 370

-- Lord, 82, 83

O'Flaherty, Sir Murrough ne Doe, claiming to be chief of Iar Connaught, 147, 152, 205-208, 211, 215

-- Roger, of Moycullen, 152, 211

-- Roderic, author of _Ogygia_, grandson of the foregoing, 211

O'Flaherties, 19, 20, 30, 152, 176, 269, 427

O'Gallagher, Sir John MacToole, 196, 197

-- Redmond, papal Bishop of Derry 1569-1601, usually acting as Primate from 1575, 149, 187, 188, 285

-- Donogh, a Franciscan, 18

-- 427

O'Hagan, Henry, 340, 341

-- Tirlogh, 226

O'Hanlon, 239, 254

-- Terence, 299

O'Hara, 155

O'Hart or O'Harte, Eugene, papal Bishop of Achonry 1562-1603, 459, 467

O'Harts, 191

O'Hea, Friar James, 35, 56

O'Hely, James, papal Archbishop of Tuam 1591-1609 (?), 246

O'Hurley, Dermot, papal Archbishop of Cashel 1581-1584; his death, 116-118

O'Keefe, 49, 103, 112

O'Kelly, Daniel, 113

O'Kellies, 92

O'Kennedys, 309

Olivares, 1

Omagh, 219, 258, 418

O'Madden, O'Maddens, 40, 263

O'Malley, Dowdary Roe, 176

-- Daniel, 431

-- Grace or Grana, married to Richard-in-Iron Burke, 43, 44, 447

O'Malleys, of Burrishole in Mayo, 175, 427, 447

O'Meagher, 403

O'Molloy, 263

O'More, Rory Oge, 337, 443

-- Owen or Owny, MacRory, calling himself 'the O'More,' son of the foregoing, 272, 302, 303, 306, 307, 309, 323, 325, 331; captures Ormonde, 355-359; slain, 371, 443, 444

-- Callogh MacWalter, 371

-- Melaghlin, 356, 423

O'Mores, 57, 136, 324

O'Moriarty, Maurice and Owen, 113

O'Mulrian: _see_ O'Ryan.

O'Neill, Con Bacagh, chief and Earl of Tyrone, father of Shane and reputed grandfather of Tyrone, 170

-- Shane, chief of Tyrone, son of the foregoing, 9, 64, 130, 146, 170, 200, 215, 219, 222, 224, 238, 289, 466: _see_ MacShane

-- Arthur MacShane, brother of the foregoing, 221, 222, 226

-- Brian MacShane, brother of the foregoing, 220, 227

-- Con MacShane, brother of the two foregoing, 219, 220, 227

-- Edmund MacShane, brother of the three foregoing, 221

-- Henry MacShane, brother of the four foregoing, 9, 221, 222, 226, 227

-- Hugh Gavelagh MacShane, brother of the five foregoing, 219, 220

-- Tirlogh MacShane, brother of the six foregoing, 221

O'Neill, the MacShanes or sons of Shane O'Neill, 9, 149, 219 _sqq._

-- Hugh, Baron of Dungannon and Earl of Tyrone: _see_ Tyrone

-- Tyrone's eldest son, 243

-- Lady Margaret, Tyrone's eldest daughter, married to Richard Viscount Mountgarret, 308

-- Lady Sara, sister of the foregoing, married to Magennis, 239, 456

-- Lady Alice, sister of the two foregoing, married to Sir Randal MacDonnell, 290

-- Con, natural son of Tyrone, 311, 312

-- Cormac MacBaron, brother of Tyrone, 141, 243, 245, 261, 262, 268, 341

-- Sir Brian MacPhelim, his daughter married to Tyrone, 223

-- Shane MacBrien, 141, 289

O'Neills of Clandeboye, 130

O'Neill, Art Oge, progenitor of Tirlogh Luineach's sept, 220

-- Tirlogh, Luineach, chief of Tyrone, 9, 10, 36, 60, 64; to be sovereign in Ulster, 69, 92, 129, 130; his appearance in English dress, 141; divides Tyrone with the Earl, 146; weeps at Perrott's departure, 168; his disputes with Tyrone, 170, 171, 190, 218-222, 227, 228; resigns in Tyrone's favour, 233; dies, 258, 363, 373, 376, 453

-- Lady Agnes, wife of Tirlogh Luineach: _see_ Campbell

-- Sir Arthur, son of Tirlogh Luineach, 220, 321, 363, 373-376, 427

-- Tirlogh, Sir Arthur's son, 376

-- Tirlogh Brasselagh, 220

-- Barnaby, 66, 67

-- Owen Roe, 301, 392

-- (?) or Neill, Robert, M.P. for Carlingford, 141

O'Neills, 27, 131, 353, 468

Orange, William the Silent, Prince of, 67

Oranmore, 365

O'Reilly, Sir John, 261, 299

-- Maelmore, Sir John's son, 299

-- Philip and Edmond, Members of Parliament for Cavan, 140

Orkneys, 194

Ormonde, Thomas, Butler, tenth Earl of, called Black Thomas, general in Munster, 29-35, 37-39, 40-43, 45-51, 56-58, 65, 69, 70, 71, 80, 81, 84-86; superseded, 87-89; his house at Carrick plundered, 96; governor of Munster, 102; in England, 105; returns with fresh powers, 106; finishes the Desmond war, 108-114, 116, 117, 123, 124, 126, 127; in Ulster, 130-132, 142, 150; during the Armada days, 176, 198; his correspondence with Tyrone, 237, 239, 240, 246; proposes to put a price on Tyrone's head, 255, 259, 272; Lord Lieutenant-General, 291, 292, 293; what Bacon thought of him, 294, 296, 297; thinks Bagenal's army bewitched, 300; in Munster, 305-307, 309; relieves Maryborough, 310; with Essex, 323-326, 328, 331, 333, 334, 344; suspected by Mountjoy, 351, 353-356; a prisoner with the Irish, 357-359, 371, 384, 399, 403, 423, 431

Ormonde, Countess of, Elizabeth Sheffield, 358, 359

-- James, first Duke of, 384

-- district in Tipperary, 312

O'Roughan, or Roughan, Dennis, 230, 231

O'Rourke, Sir Brian, chief of Leitrim, 19, 43, 60, 63, 64; defeated by Maltby, 79; helps the Spaniards, 191, 196, 197, 202, 210, 212; defies and reviles the Queen, 213; defeated by Bingham, 214; hanged at Tyburn, 216, 230

-- Brian Oge, natural son of the foregoing, 214; escapes from Oxford, 230, 233, 234, 239, 247; called O'Rourke, 262, 266; with O'Donnell, 285; in Clare, 365; in Munster, 403, 427, 431, 432, 462

-- Teig, legitimate half-brother of the foregoing, 214

O'Ryan, Ryan, or O'Mulrian, Cornelius, papal Bishop of Killaloe, 1576-1616, 6, 10, 18, 69, 90, 119, 462

O'Ryans, Ryans, or O'Mulrians, in Tipperary, 309

O'Shea, Ellice, M.P. for Kilkenny, 141

Ossory, Piers Roe, Earl of Ormonde and, 444

-- Bishop of: _see_ Walsh

O'Sullivan Bere, Sir Owen, will not join Fitzmaurice, 112; with Ormonde, 49, 56, 111, 112

O'Sullivan, Donough, 406, 408, 409, 413, 430-432

-- Dermot, 34, 90, 432

-- Bere, Philip, the historian, Dermot's son, 90, 234, 235, 288, 327, 407, 408, 431, 472

-- Owen, 419, 422

-- More, 48, 49

-- Bere, 447

O'Toole, Felim, 223, 226

-- Rice, 247; wife of Feagh MacHugh O'Byrne, _q. v._

-- Theobald, 152

O'Tooles, 323

Oviedo, Matthew de, a Spanish Franciscan, papal Archbishop of Dublin, 69, 400, 459

Ovington, Henry and Richard: _see_ Hovenden

Owen, Richard, 341

Owny Abbey, 302

Oxford, 230, 369, 430, 466

Oyster Haven, 401

Pale, the, 26, 64, 80, 81, 92, 102, 110, 143, 144, 146, 147, 165, 166, 193, 242, 243, 257, 260, 273, 274, 276, 296, 301, 340, 369, 405, 434, 470

Paleologo, Manuel, 177

Pallaskenry, 272

Pallice, 49

Paredes, Count of, 180

Paris, 3, 36, 472

Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, 18

Parker, Lieutenant, 61

Parliament of England, 136, 137, 467

Parliament of Ireland, 165, 258

Parma, Duke of: _see_ Farnese

Parsons, the Jesuit, 52

Paulet, Sir Amyas, 3, 4

Pelham, Sir William, Lord Justice, 27; goes to Munster, 29-32; begs to be recalled, 33, 36, 37; in Munster, 40-50, 55, 57, 58; leaves Ireland, 59, 60, 63, 65, 68, 161, 463

Penmaen Mawr, 319

Percy, Sir Charles, 326

Perrott, Sir John, Lord Deputy, 11, 25, 26; his viceroyalty, chaps. xl. & xli. _passim_, 172, 196, 197, 203, 208, 214, 221, 222; his trial and death, 228-232, 244, 324, 444, 467, 470

Perrott, Sir Thomas, son of the foregoing, 172, 232

Peter, Saint, 16

Petty, Sir William, 448

Philip II., King of Spain, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 18, 36; to be King of Ireland, 42; always too late, 118, 162; his animosity to England, 164, 173, 174, 180, 189; his Irish subjects, 191; called the Christian Ulysses, 193, 195, 229; slow in his affairs, 234; Tyrone calls him King of Ireland, 259, 261; encourages Tyrone, 267; his death, 313; his gift to O'Donnell, 377, 391; how he lost Holland, 437; rents the Irish fisheries, 447

Philip III., King of Spain, a Rehoboam, 313, 314, 349; sends an expedition to Ireland, 398, 400, 404, 411; addressed as King of Ireland, 413, 414; his undertaking humour, 417; favours O'Donnell, 424, 425; hopes to conquer England through Ireland, 462

Philipstown, 8, 39, 141, 301, 334, 370

Picot, Jean, 11, 12

Piers, Captain, 64

Pisa, Hercules of, or Pisano, 6

Pius V., Pope, 2, 13, 400

Plantagenets, 441

Plunkett, Oliver, 67, 68, 74

Plymouth, 66, 177

Pope, the, _Papa aboo_, 33, 76, 77; exalted above the Queen, 79; suzerain of Ireland, 80; called sovereign of Ireland, 356; may depose kings, 400; sends Tyrone a vassal crown, 438; to separate Ireland from England, 462, 472: _see_ Pius V., Gregory XIII., and Clement VIII.

Popham, Sir John, 231

Portarlington, 357

Portland Race, 71

Portland, in Tipperary, 430

Portugal, 3, 7, 8, 119, 163

Portuguese, 2, 10, 193

Portumna, 104

Powell, Humphrey, 472, 473

Power, Lord, 45, 328

-- Sir Henry, 354, 359, 360, 409

-- Captain, 423

-- David, 171

Powers, foster-brethren of Lady Margaret Fitzgerald, 364

Powerscourt, 223

Poyning's Law, 142, 143

Preston, Sir Richard, created Earl of Desmond, 384

-- Lady Elizabeth, first Duchess of Ormonde, 384

Price, Captain, 150, 381, 382

Puckering, Sir John, 231

Puritans, 471

Queen's County, 57, 141, 166, 323, 355, 371, 443

Queenstown, 86, 353

Radclyffe, Sir Alexander, 337

-- Egremont, 2

-- Lady Frances, 224

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 72; at Smerwick, 75; his gallantry, 85; his policy, 86; disliked by Grey, 101, 102; his Munster settlement, 199; with Lord Burgh, 281; unwilling to be Deputy, 294; his property destroyed, 304, 314, 320; advises the Queen, 351, 381; his advice to the Queen, 430, 455, 457, 469

Randolph, Colonel Edward, 361, 362

Raphoe, see of, 459

Rathcoole, 81

Rathdrum, 275, 329

Rathkeale, 41, 72

Rathlin, 138

Rathmullen, 221, 253

Reagh, Walter and Gerald: _see_Fitzgerald

-- Dermot MacPhelim, 247

Reay, Lord, 122

Recalde, Spanish Admiral, 74, 173, 174, 177

Red Bay, 138, 290

Redshanks, 153, 155

Ree, Lough, 154

Rheims, 116, 461

Ribera, Francis de, a Spanish Franciscan, papal Bishop of Leighlin, 1587-1604, 459

Rice, Piers, 78

-- family, 48

Rich, Lord, 390

-- Lady, Lady Penelope Devereux, 351, 367, 368, 389, 390

Rincurren, 401

Ringabella, 119

Robins, a surveyor, 169

Roche, David, Lord, 45, 47, 85, 112, 198, 199

-- Maurice, Lord, son of the foregoing, 45, 85, 305, 306, 312, 400

-- Lady, 312

-- David, 307

-- William, 11

-- Theobald, 96

-- Captain, 331

-- Catherine, 303

-- Monsieur de la, 3, 4, 11, 12

Rochelle, 69

Romans, 71

Rome, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 14, 18, 77, 116, 117, 163, 349, 426, 466

Romney, Captain, 299

Rosclogher, 185

Roscommon, 154, 155, 244, 269, 301

-- County, 43, 140, 233, 403, 427, 429, 431

Roscrea, 403

Ross or New Ross, in Wexford, 6, 83, 230, 330

-- or Rosscarbery, in Cork, 4, 419, 422, 463, 464

-- Castle, in Kerry, 384

Rothe, David, titular Bishop of Ossory 1618-1650, 472

Roughan: _see_ O'Roughan

Route, the, 130, 321

Russell, Sir William, Lord Deputy 1594-1597, 194, 197, 236, 242; his viceroyalty chap. xlv. _passim_, 280, 282, 284, 460

-- the Desmond historian, 22-24

Ryan: _see_ O'Ryan

Rycot, 124

Ryde, 71

St. Albans, 281

St. Andrews, 471

St. David's, 463

St. Laurence, Sir Christopher, 324, 326, 404, 433

St. Leger, Sir Warham, 33, 54, 55 56, 84, 85, 89, 97, 105; his intrigues against Ormonde, 109-112, 141, 199, 201, 304, 328, 341; slain, 354, 359, 360, 472

-- Sir Anthony, Master of the Rolls from 1593, 237

-- Captain, 259, 265

Santa Cruz, Marquis of, 76, 119, 164, 165, 177

Santander, 77

Savage, Sir Arthur, 371

Saxey, Chief Justice of Munster, 308

Saxons, 308

Scattery Island, Scharnhorst, 451

Scilly, 25

Scotland, 4, 13, 20, 22, 100, 112, 128, 129, 140, 178, 179, 186, 187, 189, 191, 192, 194, 195, 367, 394, 435, 451

Scots in Ireland, 10, 22, 43, 60, 64, 79, 92, 93, 126, 128; invade Ulster, 137-140, 146, 147; slaughtered by Bingham, 152-156, 164, 197, 242-244, 257, 263, 270, 292; an element in Dublin University, 471: and _see_ MacDonnell

Scurlock family, 48

Seagrave, Stephen, 159

Sebastian, King of Portugal, 7, 8

Seville, 162, 472

Shakespeare, 249, 318, 320

Shamrock, Sir John: _see_ Burke

Shamrocks, 99, 435

Shandon, 414

Shanet, 41, 305

Shannon River, 11, 42, 65, 66, 69, 79, 112, 175, 263, 306, 427, 430

-- Harbour, 403

Shee: _see_ O'Shea

Sheehys: _see_ MacSheehys

Sherlock, George, 309

Shetlands, 173, 174

Shillelagh, 247, 443

Shrewsbury, Gilbert, Earl of, 248

Shrule, 92

Sicily, 177

Sidee, Captain James, 66, 67

Sidney, Sir Henry, 1, 8, 30, 51, 97, 100, 131, 140, 165, 216, 319, 453, 473

-- Lady, Sir Henry's wife, Leicester's sister, 130

-- Sir Philip, son of the two foregoing, 236, 254

-- Sir Robert, Sir Philip's brother, 294

-- Dorcas, 272

Sienna, 3

Sillees River, 245

Simancas, 425

Simier, Monsieur, 25

Skeffington, Lord Deputy, 287, 334

Skibbereen, 419

Slane, Lord, (Fleming), 67, 117, 143

Slaney River, 330

Slea Head, 173, 188, 308

Sleyny family, 48

Slieve Bloom, 371, 442

-- Gallion, 434

-- Gamp, 154

-- Logher, 35, 50, 115

-- Margy, 443

-- Mish, 68

-- Phelim, 404

Sligo, 137, 154, 180, 181, 189, 191, 208, 209, 214, 215, 253, 256, 260, 263, 270, 336, 427

-- County, 140, 141, 196, 285, 427

Smerwick, 13, 20, 30-32, 65, 69-71, 78, 83, 89, 93, 95, 97, 193

Smith, Rev. Sidney, 22

-- Captain, 102

Smythe, Jesse, Chief Justice of Munster, 198

Somersetshire, 25, 106

Sorley Boy (Carolus Flavus): _see_ MacDonnell

Soto, Don Pedro de, 414

Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, Earl of, 281, 323, 331-333, 341, 351, 352, 362, 363, 367-370, 389

Spa, 161, 167

Spain, English and Irish in, 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 11, 66-68, 149, 163-165; Irish Regiment, 234, 412-414, 424-426, 435, 465

Spaniards in Ireland, 12 _sqq._, 20, 32, 36-43; chap. xxxviii. _passim_, 95, 119, 128, 153; chap. xlii. _passim_, 203, 206, 216, 249, 254, 267, 268, 285, 376, 390, 391, 393, 394; chap. li. _passim_, 417, 421-423, 430, 459

Spanish wine, 448

-- Point, 175

Spenser, Edmund, the poet, Clerk of the Council in Munster, Lord Grey's secretary in Ireland, 75, 85, 97, 104; settles in Munster, 198, 199, 292; rests his hopes on Essex, 295; an unpublished treatise by him (?), 302; burnt out by the rebels, 304; as a courtier, 318, 439, 444, 447, 453, 454; his friends and work, 456-458; his account of the Church, 460, 461: and _see_ Boyle, Elizabeth

Spittle Hill, Kinsale, 401

Springfield, 27

Stack, Maurice, 378

Stanley, Sir William, Master of the Ordnance, 28, 29, 36, 39, 42 at Glenmalure, 60-62, 135, 139, 140, 146; his treason, 161-163, 172, 194

Stanley, Sir Rowland, Sir William's father, 163

-- Lieutenant, 113

Stephenson, Oliver, 305

Stony Stratford, 281

Strabane, castle and barony, 197 220, 227, 233, 236

Stradbally, in Queen's Co., 272, 302, 324, 371

Strade, 93

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, 444, 447

Strancally, 39

Strange, Lady, 454

Streedagh, 182

Strozzi, Philip, 118, 119

Stuart: _see_ Mary

Stukeley, Thomas, 1, 2, 5-7, 117

Suir River, 96, 198, 303, 308, 325, 326, 447

Surrey, 169

-- Thomas Howard, Earl of, 334

Sussex, Thomas Radclyffe, Earl of, 29, 75, 87, 140, 224, 318

Swift, Jonathan, 133, 134, 145, 232, 395

Swilly, Lough, 22

Swords, 141, 224

Tagus River, 11, 417

Tallow, 304

Tanner, Edmund, papal Bishop of Cork and Cloyne 1574-1579, 4, 50

Tara, 53, 124

Tarbet, 305

Tassagard, 133

Tavistock, 25

Taylor, Thomas, 423, 424

Teelin, 376

Templemore, 403

Terceira, 76

Termonfeckin, 466

Theatins, 193

Thomond: _see_ Clare

-- Connor O'Brien, 3rd Earl of, 45

-- Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of, called the 'great Earl,' 127, 147, 215, 257, 284; in England, 294, 295, 301; with Ormonde, 310; asserts his power in Clare, 311, 347, 354; with Carew, 355; wounded, 356, 363, 365, 378; brings troops from England to Kinsale, 402, 414; at Dunboy, 419-421; hangs men in pairs, 423

Thompson, Treasurer of St. Patrick's, 133

Thornton, Sir George, 108, 291, 305, 382, 391

Timahoe, 371

Timoleague, 419, 420

Tipperary, 326

-- County, 23, 27, 35, 57, 96, 106, 107, 111, 126, 141, 166, 194, 301, 309, 390, 403, 431, 454

-- Cross, 141

Tireragh, 154

Togher, the, 370, 443

Tone, Theobald Wolfe, 5

Toneboyreagh: _see_ MacThomas

Tory Island, 253

Toulouse, 472

Tournai, 472

Tracton, 304

Tralee, 13, 21, 32, 41, 42, 68, 70, 113, 174, 190, 194, 305, 378

Trant family, 48

Travers, Dr., second provost of Trinity College, 471

Trenchard, Sir William, 305

Trent, Council of, 187, 459, 465, 467, 468

Trevor, Captain, 435

-- Charles, 230

Trim, 141, 370, 388, 437

Trinity College, Dublin, 466, 472, 473

Trollope, Andrew, 450, 459, 460

Trough, Mackenna's country in Monaghan, 203, 227

Trumree, 175, 189

Tuam, 42, 473

Tullaghogue, 429

Tullow, 247, 387

Tulsk, 233, 301

Tunis, 2

Turks, 2, 16

Turner, Captain Richard, 283

Turvey, 224

Tyburn, 217

Tyrawley or Tirawley, 92, 189, 190, 215

Tyrconnell, or Donegal, 10, 128, 150, 171, 197, 221, 228, 237, 284, 321, 374, 375

-- Rory, first Earl of: _see_ O'Donnell

Tyrone, 130, 146, 218-221, 242, 243, 266, 321, 376

-- Hugh O'Neill, Baron of Dungannon and Earl of, seeks to be chief, 9, 124; with Perrott, 129; sits in Parliament as an Earl, 140; receives half Tyrone by deed, 146, 170; his ambition, 171; his attitude to the Armada, 190-192, 196, 197, 202, 222; his marriage with Mabel Bagenal, 223-225, 226-228; becomes 'the O'Neill,' 233; begins to give trouble, 234-240; in Dublin, 242; allowed to go free, 243; generally suspected, 244-246; a covert rebel, 247; in arms, 252; proclaimed traitor, 254; Ormonde casts him off, 255; a price to be set on his head, 256, 257; invested as O'Neill, 258; fighting, negotiating and intriguing with Spain, 258-260; demands liberty of conscience, 261, 262-266; a promise to him broken, 267, 268; regarded as leader of a crusade, 272, 273-278; fights with Lord Burgh, 286-288, 290-292; totally defeats Bagenal, 296-300; general rising under him, 301-312, 321, 322, 324, 332; his boasts to foreigners, 336; his relations with Essex, 338-350; his struggle with Mountjoy, chapters xlix.-lii. _passim_, 442, 446, 451, 452, 462

Tyrone, Lady, (O'Donnell), 171

-- Lady, 394

Tyrone's sister, 239

-- daughters, 239

-- daughter married to Hugh O'Donnell, 222

Tyrrell, Captain Richard, a leader of mercenaries, 335, 354, 370, 382, 388, 406, 408, 409, 420, 421-423, 430, 433, 444

Ughtred, Sir Henry, 302, 305

Upper Ossory: _see_ Fitzpatrick

Ussher, Henry, Archbishop of Armagh, 133, 134, 466, 468, 471

-- James, Archbishop of Armagh, 471, 472

Valentia, 49, 71

-- Lord, 56

Valladolid, 425

Vaughan, Sir Francis, 283, 284

Venice, 191, 426

Ventry, 49, 68

Vere, Sir Francis, 287

Vernon, Elizabeth, 333

Vidonia, 10

Villafranca, Count of, 181

Virgil, 131

Wales, 14, 25, 123

Walker, Captain, 45

-- Thomas, 393-395

-- Rev. George, 392

Wall, Ulick, 305

Wallop, Sir Henry, Vice-Treasurer from 1582, 35, 41, 79-85; Lord Justice, 97, 104, 106, 111, 116, 117, 120-122; commissioner for Munster escheats, 126, 127, 146, 147, 149, 153, 157, 160, 167, 237, 243; in the North, 260, 323, 395

Walsh, Nicholas, Bishop of Ossory, 473

Walshe, Sir Nicholas, Chief Justice of Munster and Speaker of the House of Commons, 142, 150, 332, 363, 473

Walsingham, Sir Francis, Secretary of State, 1, 25, 29, 38, 50, 52, 82, 83, 87, 88, 111, 117, 118, 130, 137, 157, 158, 168, 169, 203-205, 209, 210, 219, 444, 454

-- Frances, Countess of Essex and Clanricarde, daughter of the foregoing, 454

Walter Reagh: _see_ Fitzgerald

Wardman, Captain, 329

Warren, Sir William, 224, 259, 265, 340, 344, 347, 355

-- Captain, 267, 268

Waterford, 1, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 32, 36, 40, 51; Mayor of, 52, 96, 142, 149, 164, 165, 174, 260, 287, 305, 328, 330, 398, 416, 448, 450, 452, 462, 463

-- County, 46, 96, 104, 106, 107, 198, 199, 328, 360, 377, 381

-- and Lismore Diocese, 469

Waterhouse, Sir Edward, 13, 26, 31, 32, 82, 85, 117, 135

Wayman, Mr, 305

Welsh blood in Connaught, 152

Wenman, Thomas, 368

Westmeath, 323, 335, 352, 354, 388, 403

Westmoreland, Lord, 77

Wexford, 11, 176

Wexford County, 20, 88, 141, 323

-- Spanish Earldom of, 6, 45-47, 49, 50

White, Sir Nicholas, Master of the Rolls, 45-47, 49, 50, 78, 121, 157, 204, 229, 446

White Knight, the, 101, 112, 326, 377, 390, 391

Wicklow, 329, 330, 344, 387

-- County, 57, 81, 88, 141, 323, 328, 329, 443

-- mountains, 246, 247

Wilbraham, Roger, Solicitor-General 1585, 169, 294

William III., King, 395, 414

Williams, Captain Thomas, 284, 292, 295, 296, 300, 392

-- Captain William, 334

-- Philip, 229

Willis, Captain, 227, 228

Willoughby, Lord, 166

Wilmot, Sir Charles, 379, 420, 430

Wilson, Dr., Secretary of State, 7

-- Thomas, 302

Wingfield, Jacques, Master of the Ordnance to 1587, 61, 72, 139, 172

-- Sir Richard or Sir Edward, 257, 399, 408

Winter, Admiral Sir William, 47, 48, 57, 58, 65-68, 71, 73

Wolfe, David, 7

Woodhouse, Captain, 155

Wood's halfpence, 395

Wotton, Sir Henry, private secretary to Essex in Ireland, 313, 316, 322, 332, 341, 342, 426

Yellow Ford, Battle of the, 310, 342

Yorke, Rowland, 162

Youghal, 31-35, 83, 107, 304, 305, 379, 381, 382, 424, 457

Zamora, 424

Zouch, Captain John, 39, 40, 43, 73, 83, 87, 88, 93-96

Zutphen, 161, 162, 281

THE END.

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INDEX OF AUTHORS AND EDITORS.

_Page_ Abbott (Evelyn) 3, 18 ---- (T. K.) 14, 15 ---- (E. A.) 14 Acland (A. H. D.) 3 Acton (Eliza) 28 Adeane (J. H.) 8 Æschylus 18 Ainger (A. C.) 12 Albemarle (Earl of) 10 Allen (Grant) 24 Amos (S.) 3 Angwin (M. C.) 28 Anstey (F.) 20 Aristophanes 18 Aristotle 14 Arnold (Sir Edwin) 9, 19 ---- (Dr. T.) 3 Ashbourne (Lord) 3 Ashby (H.) 28 Ashley (W. J.) 3, 17 Avebury (Lord) 17 Ayre (Rev. J.) 25

Bacon 7, 14 Baden-Powell (B. H.) 3 Bagehot (W.) 7, 17, 27, 30 Bagwell (R.) 3 Bailey (H. C.) 20 Bain (Alexander) 14 Baker (J. H.) 27, 30 ---- (Sir S. W.) 9, 10 Balfour (A. J.) 11, 32 ---- (Lady Betty) 5 Ball (John) 9 Banks (M. M.) 20 Baring-Gould (Rev. S.) 27, 30 Barnett (S. A. and H.) 17 Baynes (T. S.) 30 Beaconsfield (Earl of) 20 Beaufort (Duke of) 10, 11 Becker (W. A.) 18 Beesly (A. H.) 7 Bell (Mrs. Hugh) 19 Bent (J. Theodore) 9 Besant (Sir Walter) 3 Bickerdyke (J.) 11, 12, 13 Bird (G.) 19 Blackburne (J. H.) 13 Bland (Mrs. Hubert) 20 Boase (Rev. C. W.) 5 Boedder (Rev. B.) 15 Boyd (Rev. A. K. H.) 30, 32 Brassey (Lady) 9 ---- (Lord) 12 Bray (C.) 14 Bright (Rev. J. F.) 3 Broadfoot (Major W.) 10 Brown (A. F.) 25 Bruce (R. I.) 3 Buck (H. A.) 12 Buckland (Jas.) 25 Buckle (H. T.) 3 Bull (T.) 28 Burke (U. R.) 3 Burns (C. L) 29 Burrows (Montagu) 5 Butler (E. A.) 24 ---- (Samuel) 18, 20, 30

Cameron of Lochiel 12 Campbell (Rev. Lewis) 18, 32 Camperdown (Earl of) 7 Cawthorne (Geo. Jas.) 13 Chesney (Sir G.) 3 Childe-Pemberton (W. S.) 7 'Chola' 20 Cholmondeley-Pennell (H.) 11 Churchill (W. Spencer) 3, 20 Cicero 18 Clarke (Rev. R. F.) 16 Clodd (Edward) 17, 24 Clutterbuck (W. J.) 9 Colenso (R. J.) 29 Coleridge (S. T.) 19, 20 Comparetti (D.) 19 Conington (John) 18 Conway (Sir W. M) 11 Conybeare (Rev. W. J.) & Howson (Dean) 27 Coolidge (W. A. B.) 9 Corbin (M.) 25 Corbett (Julian S.) 4 Coutts (W.) 18 Coventry (A.) 11 Cox (Harding) 10 Crake (Rev. A. D.) 25 Crawford (J. H.) 20 ---- (R.) 9 Creed (S.) 20 Creighton (Bishop) 4, 5 Crozier (J. B.) 7, 14 Curzon of Kedleston (Lord) 4 Custance (Col. H.) 12 Cutts (Rev. E. L.) 5

Dallinger (F. W.) 5 Davidson (W. L.) 15, 16, 32 Davies (J. F.) 18 Dent (C. T.) 11 De Salis (Mrs.) 29 De Tocqueville (A.) 4 Devas (C. S.) 17 Dickinson (G. L.) 4 ---- (W. H.) 30 Dougall (L.) 20 Dowden (E.) 31 Doyle (A. Conan) 21 Du Bois (W. E. B.) 5 Dufferin (Marquis of) 12 Dunbar (Mary F.) 20

Ebrington (Viscount) 12 Ellis (J. H.) 13 Evans (Sir John) 30

Farrar (Dean) 16, 21 Fitzmaurice (Lord E.) 4 Folkard (H. C.) 13 Ford (H.) 13 ---- (W. J.) 13 Fowler (Edith H.) 21 Francis (Francis) 13 Francis (M. E.) 21 Freeman (Edward A.) 5 Freshfield (D. W.) 11 Froude (James A.) 4, 7, 9, 21 Fuller (F. W.) 4 Furneaux (W.) 24

Gardiner (Samuel R.) 4 Gathorne-Hardy (Hon. A. E.) 12, 13 Gibbons (J. S.) 12 Gibson (C. H.) 14 Gleig (Rev. G. R.) 8 Goethe 19 Going (C. B.) 25 Gore-Booth (Sir H. W.) 11 Graham (P. A.) 13 ---- (G. F.) 16 Granby (Marquis of) 12 Grant (Sir A.) 14 Graves (R. P.) 8 Green (T. Hill) 15 Greene (E. B.) 5 Greville (C. C. F.) 4 Grose (T. H.) 15 Gross (C.) 4, 5 Grove (F. C.) 11 ---- (Mrs. Lilly) 11 Gurdon (Lady Camilla) 21 Gurnhill (J.) 15 Gwilt (J.) 25

Haggard (H. Rider) 21, 31 Hake (O.) 12 Halliwell-Phillipps (J.) 8 Hamilton (Col. H. B.) 4 Hamlin (A. D. F.) 29 Harding (S. B.) 5 Harte (Bret) 21 Harting (J. E.) 12 Hartwig (G.) 24 Hassall (A.) 7 Haweis (H. R.) 8, 30 Head (Mrs.) 29 Heath (D. D.) 14 Heathcote (J. M.) 12 ---- (C. G.) 12 ---- (N.) 9 Helmholtz (Hermann von) 24 Henderson (Lieut Col. G. F.) 7 Henry (W.) 12 Henty (G. A.) 26 Herbert (Col. Kenney) 12 Herod (Richard S.) 13 Hiley (R. W.) 8 Hillier (G. Lacy) 10 Hime (H. W. L.) 18 Hodgson (Shadworth) 15, 31 Hoenig (F.) 31 Hogan (J. F.) 7 Holmes (R. R.) 8 Holroyd (M. J.) 8 Homer 18 Hope (Anthony) 21 Horace 18 Houston (D. F.) 5 Howard (Lady Mabel) 21 Howitt (W.) 9 Hudson (W. H.) 24 Huish (M. B.) 29 Hullah (J.) 29 Hume (David) 15 Hunt (Rev. W.) 5 Hunter (Sir W.) 5 Hutchinson (Horace G.) 11, 13

Ingelow (Jean) 19 Ingram (T. D.) 5

James (W.) 15 Jameson (Mrs. Anna) 29 Jefferies (Richard) 31 Jekyll (Gertrude) 31 Jerome (Jerome K.) 22 Johnson (J. & J. H.) 31 Jones (H. Bence) 25 Jordan (W. L.) 17 Joyce (P. W.) 5, 22, 31 Justinian 15

Kant (I.) 15 Kaye (Sir J. W.) 5 Kelly (E.) 15 Kent (C. B. R.) 5 Kerr (Rev. J.) 12 Killick (Rev. A. H.) 15 Kingsley (Rose G.) 29 Kitchin (Dr. G. W.) 5 Knight (E. F.) 9, 12 Köstlin (J.) 8

Ladd (G. T.) 15 Lang (Andrew) 5, 10, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 31, 32 Lapsley (G. T.) 5 Lascelles (Hon. G.) 10, 12 Lawrence (F. W.) 17 Laurie (S. S.) 5 Lawley (Hon. F.) 11 Lear (H. L. Sidney) 29 Lecky (W. E. H.) 5, 15, 19 Lees (J. A.) 9 Leslie (T. E. Cliffe) 17 Levett-Yeats (S.) 22 Lillie (A.) 13 Lindley (J.) 25 Loch (C. S.) 30 Lodge (H. C.) 5 Loftie (Rev. W. J.) 5 Longman (C. J.) 10, 13, 30 ---- (F. W.) 13 ---- (G. H.) 11, 12 ---- (Mrs. C. J.) 29 Lowell (A. L.) 5 Lubbock (Sir John) 17 Lucan 18 Lutoslawski (W.) 15 Lyall (Edna) 22 Lynch (H. F. B.) 9 Lyttelton (Hon. R. H.) 10 ---- (Hon. A.) 12 Lytton (Earl of) 5, 19

Macaulay (Lord) 5, 6, 19 Macdonald (G.) 9 ---- (Dr. G.) 19, 32 Macfarren (Sir G. A.) 29 Mackail (J. W.) 8, 18 Mackinnon (J.) 6 Macleod (H. D.) 17 Macpherson (Rev. H. A.) 12 Madden (D. H.) 13 Magnusson (E.) 22 Maher (Rev. M.) 16 Malleson (Col. G. B.) 5 Mann (E. E.) 29 Marbot (Baron de) 8 Marchmont (A. W.) 22 Marshman (J. C.) 8 Martineau (Dr. James) 32 Maryon (M.) 31 Mason (A. E. W.) 22 Maskelyne (J. N.) 13 Matthews (B.) 31 Maunder (S.) 25 Max Müller (F.) 8, 15, 16, 17, 22, 31, 32 May (Sir T. Erskine) 6 Meade (L. T.) 26 Melville (G. J. Whyte) 22 Merivale (Dean) 6 Merriman (H. S.) 22 Mill (John Stuart) 15, 17 Millais (J. G.) 13 Milner (G.) 31 Moffat (D.) 13, 19 Monck (W. H. S.) 15 Montague (F. C.) 6 Moon (G. W.) 19 Moore (T.) 25 ---- (Rev. Edward) 14 Morgan (C. Lloyd) 17 Morris (Mowbray) 11 ---- (W.) 18, 19, 20, 22, 30, 31 Mulhall (M. G.) 17

Nansen (F.) 9 Nash (V.) 6 Nesbit (E.) 20 Nettleship (R. L.) 15 Newman (Cardinal) 22

Oldfield (Hon. Mrs.) 7 Onslow (Earl of) 11, 12 Osbourne (L.) 23

Park (W.) 14 Payne-Gallwey (Sir R.) 11, 14 Pearson (C. H.) 8 Peek (Hedley) 11 Pemberton (W. S. Childe-) 7 Pembroke (Earl of) 12 Pennant (C. D.) 12 Phillipps-Wolley (C.) 10, 22 Pitman (C. M.) 11 Pleydell-Bouverie (E. O.) 12 Pole (W.) 14 Pollock (W. H.) 11, 31 Poole (W. H. and Mrs.) 29 Pooler (C. K.) 20 Poore (G. V.) 31 Pope (W. H.) 12 Powell (E.) 6 Praeger (S. Rosamond) 26 Prevost (C.) 11 Pritchett (R. T.) 12 Proctor (R. A.) 14, 24, 28

Raine (Rev. James) 5 Randolph (C. F.) 6 Rankin (R.) 20 Ransome (Cyril) 3, 6 Raymond (W.) 22 Reader (Emily E.) 23 Rhoades (J.) 18 Rice (S. P.) 10 Rich (A.) 18 Richardson (C.) 10, 12 Rickaby (Rev. John) 16 ---- (Rev. Joseph) 16 Ridley (Sir E.) 18 ---- (Alice) 23 Riley (J. W.) 20 Roget (Peter M.) 16, 25 Romanes (G. J.) 8, 15, 17, 20, 32 ---- (Mrs. G. J.) 8 Ronalds (A.) 14 Roosevelt (T.) 5 Ross (Martin) 23 Rossetti (Maria Francesca) 31 Rotheram (M. A.) 29 Rowe (R. P. P.) 11 Russell (Lady) 8

Saintsbury (G.) 12 Sandars (T. C.) 15 Savage-Armstrong (G. F.) 20 Seebohm (F.) 6, 8 Selous (F. C.) 10, 14 Senior (W.) 11, 12 Sewell (Elizabeth M.) 23 Shakespeare 20 Shand (A. I.) 12 Shaw (W. A.) 6 Shearman (M.) 10, 11 Sinclair (A.) 12 Smith (R. Bosworth) 6 ---- (T. C.) 5 ---- (W. P. Haskett) 10 Somerville (E.) 23 Sophocles 18 Soulsby (Lucy H.) 31 Southey (R.) 31 Spahr (C. B.) 17 Spedding (J.) 7, 14 Stanley (Bishop) 24 Stebbing (W.) 8, 23 Steel (A. G.) 10 Stephen (Leslie) 10 Stephens (H. Morse) 6 Sternberg (Count Adalbert) 7 Stevens (R. W.) 32 Stevenson (R. L.) 20, 23, 26 Stock (St. George) 15 Storr (F.) 14 Stuart-Wortley (A. J.) 11, 12 Stubbs (J. W.) 7 Suffolk & Berkshire (Earl of) 11 Sullivan (Sir E.) 12 Sully (James) 16 Sutherland (A. and G.) 7 ---- (Alex.) 16, 32 ---- (G.) 32 Suttner (B. von) 23 Swan (M.) 23 Swinburne (A. J.) 16 Symes (J. E.) 17

Taylor (Meadows) 7 ---- (Una) 23 Tebbutt (C. G.) 12 Terry (C. S.) 8 Thornhill (W. J.) 18 Thornton (T. H.) 8 Todd (A.) 7 Toynbee (A.) 17 Trevelyan (Sir G. O.) 6, 7, 8 ---- (G. M.) 6, 7 Trollope (Anthony) 23 Turner (H. G.) 32 Tyndall (J.) 7, 10 Tyrrell (R. Y.) 18

Upton (F. K. and Bertha) 26

Van Dyke (J. C.) 30 Virgil 18

Wagner (R.) 20 Wakeman (H. O.) 7 Walford (L. B.) 23 Wallas (Graham) 8 Walpole (Sir Spencer) 7 Walrond (Col. H.) 10 Walsingham (Lord) 11 Ward (Mrs. W.) 23 Warwick (Countess of) 32 Watson (A. E. T.) 10, 11, 12 Weathers (J.) 32 Webb (Mr. and Mrs. Sidney) 17 ---- (T. E.) 16, 19 Weber (A.) 16 Weir (Capt. R.) 11 Wellington (Duchess of) 30 West (B. B.) 23 Weyman (Stanley) 23 Whately (Archbishop) 14, 16 White (W. H.) 20 Whitelaw (R.) 18 Wilcocks (J. C.) 14 Wilkins (G.) 18 Willard (A. R.) 30 Willich (C. M.) 25 Witham (T. M.) 12 Wood (Rev. J. G.) 25 Wood Martin (W. G.) 7 Wordsworth (W.) 20 Wyatt (A. J.) 19 Wylie (J. H.) 7

Zeller (E.) 16

History, Politics, Polity, Political Memoirs, &c.

=Abbott.=--_A HISTORY OF GREECE._ By EVELYN ABBOTT, M.A., LL.D.