iii. Kilkenny Castle was never sacked, and John Dunton describes its

grandeur in 1699.

[278] Clarendon's letters to Rochester, May 4, 1686, and from September 9 to October following, and a letter to Ormonde of September 28, in _Ormonde Papers_, vol. vii. John Dunton saw the Curragh races in September 1698. He found the plain partly covered with heath, sheltering grouse and hares. _Life and Errors_, ii. 606. In 1673 Temple gave Essex elaborate advice as to the encouragement of horse-racing, _Works_, iii. 23.

[279] James Bonnell to John Ellis, August 7, 1688, _Ellis Correspondence_, ii. 112. Dr. Dun to Dr. King, April 8 and 26, 1684, in King's _A Great Archbishop of Dublin_. Dun was fond of claret and of good living generally, see his prescription in Gilbert's _Hist. of Dublin_, i. 177.

[280] Petty's _Political Anatomy_ of Ireland, published in 1691 after his death, but written much earlier; his _Political Arithmetic_, and his _Treatise of Ireland_, written for James II. in 1687. Clarendon's letters of May 4 and September 28, 1686. Stevens's _Journal_ in 1689, p. 49. Dineley's _Tour_ in 1681, pp. 18, 21. Sir W. Temple's observations on the United Provinces in his _Works_, ed. 1814, i. 165, and his Advancement of Trade in Ireland, _ib._ iii. 3. In the quarto edition of Arthur Young's _Tour_, 1780, there is a good picture of an Irish cabin without chimney or window and with smoke rolling out of the doorway. There were many such cabins a generation ago, and there may still be a few in out-of-the-way places. The mode of constructing them and the state of their inhabitants are described by John Dunton, who saw many in 1699, _Life and Errors_, ed. 1818, ii. 605.

[281] Dineley's _Tour_, p. 162. Sir W. Temple on trade in Ireland, _Works_, iii. 17. See above, vol. i. p. 124.

[282] Petty's _Political Anatomy_, chap. ii., _Dublin Bills_, appx. (Graunt), further _Observations_ on these Bills (1681), postscript, _Political Arithmetic_ (1686). Sir Charles Wogan to Swift, February 27, 1732-3, in Swift's _Works_, ed. Scott, xvii. 457. Walter Harris's _Hist. of Dublin_, 1766, chap. v. Gilbert's _Hist. of Dublin_, ii. 11, iii. chap. ii. _Clarendon and Rochester Correspondence_, ii. 101. See the first two essays in C. L. Falkiner's _Illustrations of Irish Hist._ Not many years ago there was but one set of dining tables between the Castle and the Lodge in Phoenix Park, and they had to be carried to and fro. For the Dublin ale-houses, see my _Ireland under the Tudors_, iii. 448. In _Additional MSS._ 14422, an 'exact account' makes the population of Dublin 40,508 in January 1695, including Trinity College and Kilmainham. Lord Meath's great house had formed part of St. Thomas's Abbey.

[283] John Stevens found the Bantry people so poor that half a crown could hardly be changed, 'and guineas were carried about the whole day and returned whole.'