CHAPTER XV.

METAL WORKING PROCESSES AND MACHINES.--TUBE MAKING.--WELDING.--ANNEALING AND TEMPERING.--COATING AND METAL FOUNDING.--METAL WARE.--WIRE WORKING.

Metal Working Tools One of the Glories of 19th Century.--Wood Working and Metal Working.--Ancient and Modern Lathe.--Turning Metal Lathe.--A Lost Art in Use in Egypt and in Solomon’s Time.--Revived in Sixteenth Century.--Forgotten and Revived again in Eighteenth.--Sir Samuel Bentham and Joseph Bramah Laid Foundation of Nineteenth Century Tools.--The Slide Rest and Henry Maudsley.--Nasmyth’s Description.--Vast Rolls, and Most Delicate Watch Mechanisms, cut by the Lathe and its Tools.--Metal Planing.--Eminent Inventors, 1811-1840.-- Many Inventions and Modifications Resulting in a Wonderful Evolution.--Metal-Boring Machines.--Modern Vulcan’s Titanic Work-Shop.--Screw Making.--Demand Impossible to Supply under Old Method.--Great Display at London Exhibition, 1851, and Centennial, Philadelphia, 1876.--J. Whitworth & Co., of England, Sellers & Co., of America, and Others.--The Great Revelation.-- Hoopes and Townsend and the Flow of Cold, Solid Metal.--Cold Punching, etc.--Machine-Made Horse-Shoes.--The Blacksmith and Modern Inventions.--Making of Great Tubes.--Welding by Electricity, and Tempering and Annealing.--How Armour Plate is Hardened.--Metals Coated.--Electro-Plating and Casting.-- Great Domes Gilded.--Moulds for Metal Founding.--Machines and Methods.--Steel Ingots.--Sheet Metal and Personal Ware.-- Great Variety of Machines for Making.--Wire Made Articles.-- Description of Great Modern Work-Shop. 240