CHAPTER X.

HOISTING, CONVEYING, AND STORING.

Drudgery of Ancient Times Relieved by Modern Inventions.-- The Labour of Men and Beasts now Done by Steam Giants.-- Labour-Saving Appliances for Transportation.--Tall Buildings and Elevators.--Evolution Slow until 19th Century.--Carrying of Weights.--The Pyramids.--Modern Methods.--Ship-Loading.-- The Six Ordinary Powers Alone Used until the Time of Watt.-- Elevator Mills of Oliver Evans.--The Hydraulic Press of Bramah.--The Lifting of Tubular Bridge by Robt. Stephenson.-- Compressed Air Elevator of Slade.--Counterbalance Lifts of Van Elvean.--Modern Elevator of Otis, 1859.--Steam-Water.-- Compressed Air.--Electricity: Elevators, how Controlled.-- Store Service Conveyors.--Pneumatic Transmission: Dodge’s Air Blast Conveyor.--Mode of Switching Conveyors.--“Lazy Tongs” Conveyors.--Buffers.--Endless Cables.--Clutches, Safety.--Labour-Saving Devices and Derangement of Labour.-- In One Sense, Inventions Labour-Increasing Devices. 152