Chapter 3

"AUXILIARY SCIENCES"

Documents are raw material, and need a preliminary elaboration 42

Obsolete views on the historian's apprenticeship--Mably, Daunou 43

Commonplace and exaggeration on this subject--Freeman--Various futilities 45

The scientific conception of the historian's apprenticeship--Palæography--Epigraphy--Philology--Diplomatic 48

History of Literature--Archæology 51

Criticism of phrase "auxiliary sciences"--The subjects not all _sciences_--None of them auxiliary to the _whole_ of History 52

This scientific conception is of recent growth--The École des Chartes--Modern manuals of Palæography, Epigraphy, &c.--List of the chief of them 55