CHAPTER IV--WARFARE ON SEA

I. _On Sea Warfare in General_

173. Aims and Means of Sea Warfare 216 174. Lawful and Unlawful Practices of Sea Warfare 217 175. Objects of the Means of Sea Warfare 218 176. Development of International Law regarding Private Property on Sea 218 177. Declaration of Paris 220 178. The Principle of Appropriation of Private Enemy Vessels and Enemy Goods thereon 221 179. Impending Codification of Law of Sea Warfare 224

II. _Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels_

180. Importance of Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels 225 181. Attack, when legitimate 225 182. Attack, how effected 226 182_a_. Submarine Contact Mines 227 183. Duty of giving Quarter 231 184. Seizure 231 185. Effect of Seizure 231 186. Immunity of Vessels charged with Religious, Scientific, or Philanthropic Mission 232 187. Immunity of Fishing-boats and small boats employed in local Trade 234 188. Immunity of Merchantmen at the Outbreak of War on their Voyage to and from a Belligerent's Port 235 189. Vessels in Distress 236 190. Immunity of Hospital and Cartel Ships 236 191. Immunity of Mail-boats and Mail-bags 236

III. _Appropriation, and Destruction of Enemy Merchantmen_

192. Prize Courts 238 193. Conduct of Prize to Port of Prize Court 241 194. Destruction of Prize 242 195. Ransom of Prize 245 196. Loss of Prize, especially Recapture 246 197. Fate of Prize 247 198. Vessels belonging to Subjects of Neutral States, but sailing under Enemy Flag 248 199. Effect of Sale of Enemy Vessels during War 248 200. Goods sold by and to Enemy Subjects during War 249

IV. _Violence against Enemy Persons_

201. Violence against Combatants 249 202. Violence against Non-combatant Members of Naval Forces 250 203. Violence against Enemy Individuals not belonging to the Naval Forces 251

V. _Treatment of Wounded and Shipwrecked_

204. Adaptation of Geneva Convention to Sea Warfare 252 205. The Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked 253 205_a_. Treatment of the Dead 254 206. Hospital Ships 254 206_a_. Hospital Ships in Neutral Ports 256 206_b_. Sick-Bays 257 207. Distinctive Colour and Emblem of Hospital Ships 258 208. Neutral Vessels assisting the Wounded, Sick, or Shipwrecked 259 209. The Religious, Medical, and Hospital Staff 260 209_a_. Application of Convention X., and Prevention of Abuses 260 209_b_. General Provisions of Convention X. 261

VI. _Espionage, Treason, Ruses_

210. Espionage and Treason 262 211. Ruses 262

VII. _Requisitions, Contributions, Bombardment_

212. Requisitions and Contributions upon Coast Towns 264 213. Bombardment of the Enemy Coast 266

VIII. _Interference with Submarine Telegraph Cables_

214. Uncertainty of Rules concerning Interference with Submarine Telegraph Cables 271