CHAPTER III--WARFARE ON LAND

I. _On Land Warfare in General_

103. Aims and Means of Land Warfare 144 104. Lawful and Unlawful Practices of Land Warfare 144 105. Objects of the Means of Warfare 145 106. Land Warfare in contradistinction to Sea Warfare 145

II. _Violence against Enemy Persons_

107. On Violence in general against Enemy Persons 146 108. Killing and Wounding of Combatants 146 109. Refusal of Quarter 147 110. Lawful and Unlawful Means of killing and wounding Combatants 148 111. Explosive Bullets 149 112. Expanding (Dum-Dum) Bullets 149 113. Projectiles diffusing Asphyxiating or Deleterious Gases 150 114. Violence directed from Air-Vessels 150 115. Violence against non-combatant Members of Armed Forces 151 116. Violence against Private Enemy Persons 151 117. Violence against the Head of the Enemy State and against Officials in Important Positions 153

III. _Treatment of Wounded, and Dead Bodies_

118. Origin of Geneva Convention 154 119. The Wounded and the Sick 157 120. Medical Units and Establishments, and Material 158 121. Personnel 159 122. Convoys of Evacuation 160 123. Distinctive Emblem 161 124. Treatment of the Dead 162 124_a_. Application of the Geneva Convention, and Prevention of Abuses 163 124_b_. General provisions of the Geneva Convention 164

IV. _Captivity_

125. Development of International Law regarding Captivity 165 126. Treatment of Prisoners of War 167 127. Who may claim to be Prisoners of War 169 128. Discipline 169 129. Release on Parole 170 130. Bureau of Information 171 131. Relief Societies 171 132. End of Captivity 172

V. _Appropriation and Utilisation of Public Enemy Property_

133. Appropriation of all the Enemy Property no longer admissible 174 134. Immoveable Public Property 174 135. Immoveable Property of Municipalities, and of Religious, Charitable, and the like Institutions 175 136. Utilisation of Public Buildings 175 137. Moveable Public Property 176 138. Moveable Property of Municipalities, and of Religious, Charitable, and the like Institutions 177 139. Booty on the Battlefield 177

VI. _Appropriation and Utilisation of Private Enemy Property_

140. Immoveable Private Property 179 141. Private War Material and Means of Transport 180 142. Works of Art and Science, Historical Monuments 180 143. Other Private Personal Property 180 144. Booty on the Battlefield 181 145. Private Enemy Property brought into a Belligerent's Territory 182

VII. _Requisitions and Contributions_

146. War must support War 183 147. Requisitions in Kind, and Quartering 185 148. Contributions 186

VIII. _Destruction of Enemy Property_

149. Wanton destruction prohibited 187 150. Destruction for the purpose of Offence and Defence 188 151. Destruction in marching, reconnoitring, and conducting Transport 188 152. Destruction of Arms, Ammunition, and Provisions 189 153. Destruction of Historical Monuments, Works of Art, and the like 189 154. General Devastation 190

IX. _Assault, Siege, and Bombardment_

155. Assault, Siege, and Bombardment, when lawful 191 156. Assault, how carried out 193 157. Siege, how carried out 193 158. Bombardment, how carried out 194

X. _Espionage and Treason_

159. Twofold Character of Espionage and Treason 196 160. Espionage in contradistinction to Scouting and Despatch-bearing 197 161. Punishment of Espionage 198 162. Treason 199

XI. _Ruses_

163. Character of Ruses of War 200 164. Different kinds of Stratagems 201 165. Stratagems in contradistinction to Perfidy 202

XII. _Occupation of Enemy Territory_

166. Occupation as an Aim of Warfare 204 167. Occupation, when effected 206 168. Occupation, when ended 210 169. Rights and Duties in General of the Occupant 210 170. Rights of the Occupant regarding the Inhabitants 211 171. Position of Government Officials and Municipal Functionaries during Occupation 213 172. Position of Courts of Justice during Occupation 214