CHAPTER II--THE OUTBREAK OF WAR

I. _Commencement of War_

93. Commencement of War in General 121 94. Declaration of War 123 95. Ultimatum 125 96. Initiative hostile Acts of War 126

II. _Effects of the Outbreak of War_

97. General Effects of the Outbreak of War 128 98. Rupture of Diplomatic Intercourse and Consular Activity 129 99. Cancellation of Treaties 129 100. Precarious position of Belligerents' subjects on Enemy Territory 131 100_a_. _Persona standi in judicio_ on Enemy Territory 133 101. Intercourse, especially Trading, between Subjects of Belligerents 135 102. Position of Belligerents' Property in the Enemy State 139 102_a_. Effect of the Outbreak of War on Merchantmen 140