CHAPTER III--IMPORTANT GROUPS OF TREATIES

I. _Important Law-making Treaties_

555. Important Law-making Treaties a product of the Nineteenth Century 587 556. Final Act of the Vienna Congress 588 557. Protocol of the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle 588 558. Treaty of London of 1831 588 559. Declaration of Paris 588 560. Geneva Convention 589 561. Treaty of London of 1867 589 562. Declaration of St. Petersburg 590 563. Treaty of Berlin of 1878 590 564. General Act of the Congo Conference 590 565. Treaty of Constantinople of 1888 591 566. General Act of the Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 591 567. Two Declarations of the First Hague Peace Conference 591 568. Treaty of Washington of 1901 592 568_a_. Conventions and Declaration of the Second Hague Peace Conference 592 568_b_. The Declaration of London 595

II. _Alliances_

569. Conception of Alliances 595 570. Parties to Alliances 597 571. Different kinds of Alliances 597 572. Conditions of Alliances 598 573. _Casus Foederis_ 599

III. _Treaties of Guarantee and of Protection_

574. Conception and Objects of Guarantee Treaties 599 575. Effect of Treaties of Guarantee 600 576. Effect of Collective Guarantee 601 576_a_. Pseudo-Guarantees 602 577. Treaties of Protection 604

IV. _Commercial Treaties_

578. Commercial Treaties in General 605 579. Meaning of Coasting-trade in Commercial Treaties 606 580. Meaning of Most-favoured-nation Clause 610

V. _Unions Concerning Common Non-Political Interests_

581. Object of the Unions 612 582. Post and Telegraphs 613 583. Transport and Communication 614 584. Copyright 615 585. Commerce and Industry 616 586. Agriculture 617 587. Welfare of Working Classes 618 588. Weights, Measures, Coinage 619 589. Official Publications 620 590. Sanitation 620 591. Pharmacopoeia 622 592. Humanity 622 593. Preservation of Animal World 623 594. Private International Law 623 595. American Republics 624 596. Science 625

INDEX 627

INTRODUCTION

FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW OF NATIONS