Part 31

BEAR— claws of, worn as necklace 553 dead, invocations to 499-500 killing of 537-538

BEARD— extraction of 593

BEAVER, trapping of 411, 538

BELIEFS— concerning animals, 487 concerning astronomy, 414-418 concerning crime, 479-483 concerning future life, 418 concerning Great Spirit, 397 concerning territorial rights, 476-478 concerning the earth, 406

BETTING, on races, 566

BIRDS— list of, eaten by Indians, 583

BLACK ROOT, medicinal use of 425-426

BLACKFEET, migration of 405-406

BLEEDING, practice of 426

BLUE THUNDER, Assiniboin warrior, 402

BODY PAINTING, for the dance 559, 562

BONES— of prehistoric animals 411-412 of the dead, reinterred 574-575

BOW AND ABROW, use of 542, 555

BOWL GAME, description of 567-569

BOYS, ASSINOBOIN, characteristics of 444

BRAVERY, exhibition of 550

BRAVES' DANCE, described 558-560

BUFFALO— as food 581-582 discussion of destruction of 460-462 hunting of 530-536 importance of 410-411 parts of, eaten raw 581 _See also_ GAME; HUNTING

BULLS' DANCE, described 532

BULL'S DRY BONES, doctor and soothsayer 422

BURIAL CUSTOMS 570-576

BURIAL MOUNDS, absence of 573

BURIALS— in lodge 573 in sitting position 573, 574 on hilltop 572 orientation in 572, 573 scaffold or tree 493, 571, 572, 574 _See also_ GRAVES

CALUMET, ceremonial use of 446-447

CAMP— Indian life in 508-510 organization of 440-446

CANNIBALISM, in time of famine 523, 534

CANOE INDIANS, an Assiniboin band 430

CANOES— use of 579

CAPACITY, INTELLECTUAL, of the Indian 593-602

CAPTIVES, treatment of 551, 552, 553

CATAMENIAL CUSTOMS 524

CHARACTER, of the Indian 693-602

CHARMS— animal symbols used as 412 belief in 495

CHASTITY— attitude toward violation of 482 of captives, violation of 553 _See also_ ADULTERY; VIRGINITY

CHIEFS— authority of 622 duties of 431-432, 441 _See also_ HEAD CHIEF; WAR CHIEF

CHIEFTAINSHIP— settlement of 432-433, 435 succession in 449

CHILD BEARING, age of 513

CHILDBIRTH, customs connected with 429, 516-517

CHILDREN— behavior of 520 care of 444 correction of 620 customs concerning 519 grief over loss of 573 male, most desirable 521 mortality among 513 orphan, care of 576 torture of, as captives 551, 552

CLAN TOTEMS, absence of 435

CLANS, of the Upper Missouri Indians, 434-435

CLIMATE of the Upper Missouri 410

CLOTHING decorated with hair 560 made of skins 504, 506 of men 585-586 of the Assiniboin 464-465, 584-590 of women 587-588 renewal of 588 worn while sleeping 590 _See also_ COSTUMES

COLUMBIA FUR COMPANY, traders of 621

COMMERCE, effect of, on Indian, 464, 485, 621-623 _See also_ TRADE; TRADERS

CONJURORS, _See_ DOCTORS

COOKING, methods of 582

COSTUME of warriors 548, 552-554 worn at Bulls' dance 562 worn at Fox dance 561 worn at Soldiers' dance 563

COUNCIL, description of 436-440, 446-448

COUNCIL LODGE, diagram of 437

COUNCILS, discussion of 451

COUNTING, system of 418-420

COUP, counting of 560

COURTSHIP, customs of 510-511

CRADLE BOARDS, use of 519-520

CRAZY BEAR, Chief account of 401 made head chief 431 speech of 597-599

CREATOR, conception of 486

CREDIT, among the Indians, 459

CRIME beliefs concerning 479-483 Indian conception of 483 punishment of 448, 452, 455 _See also_ RETALIATION

CROW DANCE, described, 584

CROW INDIANS amputation practiced by 427 crime among 454 dress of 587, 588 treatment by, of captives 551, 552

DANCES description of 556-565

love making at 558 purpose served by 556, 557, 563, 564-565

DEATHS, causes of 478 See also BURIAL CUSTOMS; MOURNING CUSTOMS

DEBTS, payment of 459

DECORATION— _See also_ ORNAMENTS.

DEER hunting of 536

DENIG, E.T.— ancestry of 383-384 brief account of life of 380-381 character of 382 Indian name of 386 tribes described by 379

DE SMET, REV. G.I.— acknowledgment by, to Denig 386 object of correspondence with 467

DESTRUCTION— rarity of 425

DIVINING DANCE, briefly described 564

DIVINING MAN application of the term 494 dress of 586 _See also_ DOCTORS; PRIESTS

DIVORCE, right of 512

DOCTORING, _See_ MEDICINE

DOCTORS— activities of 443 character of 492 fear of 485 office of 492-493 payment to 423, 424 _See also_ DIVINING MAN; PRIESTS

DOGS ceremonial eating of 489, 491 feast on, at soldiers' dance 563

DREAMS— beliefs concerning 494-495 symbols adopted after 412

DRESS, _See_ CLOTHING; COSTUMES

DRUMS, described 619

DUCK DANCE, described 562

DYESTUFFS, native 591

EAGLE FEATHERS— badge of distinction 449 value of 589

EARTH, beliefs concerning the 414

EARTH LODGES, construction of 579

ECLIPSE, beliefs concerning 415

EDUCATION, discussion of need of 466-470

ELK, hunting of 537

ELK HORNS, mound of 398

ELK TEETH, value of 589

ERMINE SKINS, value of 589

EXCHANGE, no medium of 420

EYESIGHT, acuteness of 527-528

FABLES, of the Assiniboin 609-617

FACIAL PAINTING for burial 570 for the dance 557, 563 for war 554

FAMILY LIFE, of the Assiniboin 503-508

FASTING in time of scarcity 509 object of 489-490

FATHER-IN-LAW TABOO 503-504

FEASTING, in time of plenty 509

FEATHERS, eagle a mark of rank 553 value of 589

FETISHES— belief in 495 _See also_ CHARMS

FEUDS, the result of murder 453 _See also_ RETALIATION; REVENGE

FIREARMS— importance of 466 valued highly 555 _See also_ GUNS

FIRST-WHO-FLIES, account of 401-402

FISHING, among Upper Missouri Indians 544, 582

FLUTE, use of 512

FOOD— animal, of the Upper Missouri Indian 581-582 of the Plains tribes 407-408 quantities of, consumed 509

FOOT RACES, popularity of 566

FORT BENTON, a trading point 407

FORT BERTHOLD, a trading point 407

FORT CLARKE, a trading point 407

FORT PIERRE, a trading point 407

FORT UNION— a trading point 407 described by Denig 381

FOX DANCE, described 561 trapping of 538-539

FUR TRADE, _See_ TRADE; COMMERCE

FUTURE LIFE, belief in 418

GAMBLING— among women 569-570 games used for 567-570 infatuation for 567 losses in 569 _See also_ BETTING

GAME— abundance of 460 discussion of diminution of 460-530 division of, after hunt 456, 531, 533-534, 539 laws regarding 455-456 of the upper Missouri 410-411

GAMES, of the Indians 565-566

GENS DES CANOTS, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DES FILLES, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DES ROCHES, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DU GAUCHE, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DU LAC, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DU NORD, an Assiniboin band 430

GHOSTS, beliefs concerning 493, 494

GIFTS— compensation expected for 600 for treatment of the sick 424 return of 475

GIRLS, ASSINIBOIN, characteristics of 444

GOVERNMENT, Assiniboin 435, 445-446 _See also_ CHIEFS; CHIEFTAINSHIP; TRIBAL ORGANIZATION

GRAVES— not marked 572, 576

GRAZING, on the plains 408

GREETINGS, of the Indians 524

GROS VENTRES— ceremonial scarification of 490 self-torture of 522 women and children spared by 551

GROS VENTRES OF THE PRAIRIE— migration of 405 once Arapaho 405

GUNS, manner of using 555

HABITAT, of the Assiniboin 406-410

HAIR— symbolism of, when decorating clothing 560

HAIRDRESSING 554

HANDGAME, description of 569

HAYDEN, F. V.— Denig manuscript used by 380 Denig's vocabulary mentioned by 382

HEAD CHIEF, duties of 441

HORSE RACES, trickery in 566

HORSES— a cause of warfare 470 disposal of, at owner's death 479 introduction of 412 sacrifice of 491 stolen by war party 547 value of 471 wealth estimated by 474

HOSPITALITY, INDIAN— affairs settled through 514 discussion of 513-515 self-interest in 515

HUDSON BAY COMPANY custom of 594 ruse practiced 595

HUNTER— dress of 586 precarious life of 504

HUNTING— instruction in 542 laws connected with 455 season for 539

HUNTING CUSTOMS 444-445, 504, 530-543

HYDROPHOBIA, remedy for 426

IDOLS, use of 497

IMMORTALITY, belief In 418, 498-499

IMPLEMENTS, of the upper Missouri tribes 398, 414

INDIAN AGENTS, discussion of office of 473-474

INDIAN DANCES, _See_ DANCES

INDIAN SCHOOLS, urgent need of 466-470

INDIAN SONGS, _See_ SONGS

INFANTICIDE, a common custom 521

INFIDELITY, punishment for 504-505

INHERITANCE, among the Assiniboin 478-479

INTERMARRIAGE, with whites 625

IRON ARROW POINT, CHIEF, mention of 573

JUGGLERY, fear inspired by 528

KINSHIP, terms of 503

KURZ, FREDERICK, Denig discussed by 384-386

LABOR attitude toward 553 division of 463, 505

LAND, rights to 476-478

LANGUAGE, of the Assiniboin 402, 625

LANGUAGES preservation of 405

LARAMIE TREATY effect of 467 reference to 431

LE BAS ROUGE, a branch of the Canoe Indians 431

LE CHEF DU TONNEBBE, speech of 600-602

LE GROS FRANÇOIS, Assiniboin chief 395

LEGEND, Assiniboin 500-503

LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION, mention of 395

LIQUOR, bad effects of 530

LODGES burial in 573 construction of 577-578 manner of using 578 orderly life in 507-508 soldiers' 436 _See also_ EARTH LODGES; COUNCIL LODGE; SACRED LODGE

LONG HAIR, Crow chief, mention of 479

LONGEVITY, of the Indians 513

LYING, a common custom 482

MANDAN ceremonial scarification of 490 epidemic among 400 self-torture of 522

MARRIAGE CUSTOMS 504, 506, 507, 510-512, 522 _See also_ INTERMARRIAGE

MASTER OF THE PARK, duties of 443

MEAT— curing of 581 division of, after hunt 531

MEDICINE— practice of 422-426 use of the word 486

MEDICINE MEN, _See_ DOCTORS; PRIESTS

MEDICINE SACK, described 498

MEDICINES, of the whites, Indian use of 581

MICE COMRADES' DANCE, described 564

MIDWIFE, office of 516

MIGRATION— of the Assiniboin 395-396 of tribes 405-406

MINERAL SPRINGS, occurrence of 409

MISSIONARIES, discussion of teachings of 468

MONGOLOID— beliefs concerning 417, 484-485 time reckoned by 416

MORTALITY, among children 513

MORTUARY CUSTOMS, _See_ BURIALS; GRAVES; MOURNING CUSTOMS; WIDOWERS; WIDOWS.

MOTHER-IN-LAW TABOO 503-504

MOUND, of elk horns 398

MOUNDS— absence of 576

MOURNING CUSTOMS 556, 571, 572, 575

MURDER— Indian beliefs concerning 480 punishment for 452-454

MUSIC— described 617-618 on the flute 512

MUTILATION, as a sign of mourning 572

MYTHOLOGY, of the Upper Missouri Indians 500-503

MYTHS, relating of 607-608

NAMES— change of 516-517 of camp soldiers, list of 518 of chiefs, list of 518-519 of warriors, list of 518 of women, list of 619

NAMING OF CHILDREN 516-517

NUDITY, attitude toward 560

OATHS, use of 524

OLD PEOPLE, treatment of 422, 443-444, 576-577

OMENS, belief in 497

ORATORY, of the Indians 526, 596-602 _See also_ SPEECHES

ORIENTATION, in burial 572, 573

ORNAMENTS, use of 590-591

PAINTING, on clothing 421, 586 _See also_ BODY PAINTING; FACIAL PAINTING.

PAINTS AND DYES, use of 591

PARENTS, attitude toward 485

PARK, buffalo caught in 532-533

PEACE TREATIES, between tribes 404

PICTOGRAPHS, reading of 412-413 _See also_ PICTURE WRITING

PICTURE WRITING— explanation of 603, 606-607 use of 421, 603-605

PIPES, use of 413

POPULATION— affected by smallpox 465 causes of reduction in 625 effect on, of intoxicating drinks 465 increase of 405 of the Assiniboin 396-397

PORCUPINE QUILLS, use of 590, 591

POTTERY— of the Arikara 413

PRAIRIE FIRES, effect of 408-409

PRAYERS— object of 412 of a warrior 483-484 to ghosts 484

PRESENTS, _See_ GIFTS

PRIESTS— character of 492 name for 486 office of 492-493 power of, in council 450-451 _See also_ DOCTORS; DIVINING MAN

PRIMOGENITURE, among Assiniboin 478-479

PRISONERS, _See_ CAPTIVES

PROFANITY, lack of, among Indians 482

PROPERTY— loss of, as result of crime 480 of the deceased, disposal of 571 placed with the dead 571

PROPERTY RIGHTS, discussion of 474-476

PROVISION STEALERS' DANCE, described 564

PUBLIC CRIER, duties of 442

PUNISHMENT— for violations of law 445 of crime 479-483 _See also_ RETALIATION.

QUILLS, PORCUPINE, use of 590, 591