CHAPTER XI.

ON BUD-VARIATION, AND ON CERTAIN ANOMALOUS MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND VARIATION.

BUD-VARIATIONS IN THE PEACH, PLUM, CHERRY, VINE, GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT, AND BANANA, AS SHOWN BY THE MODIFIED FRUIT—IN FLOWERS: CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, ROSES, ETC.—ON THE RUNNING OF THE COLOUR IN CARNATIONS—BUD-VARIATIONS IN LEAVES—VARIATIONS BY SUCKERS, TUBERS, AND BULBS—ON THE BREAKING OF TULIPS—BUD-VARIATIONS GRADUATE INTO CHANGES CONSEQUENT ON CHANGED CONDITIONS OF LIFE—CYTISUS ADAMI, ITS ORIGIN AND TRANSFORMATION—ON THE UNION OF TWO DIFFERENT EMBRYOS IN ONE SEED—THE TRIFACIAL ORANGE—ON REVERSION BY BUDS IN HYBRIDS AND MONGRELS—ON THE PRODUCTION OF MODIFIED BUDS BY THE GRAFTING OF ONE VARIETY OR SPECIES ON ANOTHER—ON THE DIRECT OR IMMEDIATE ACTION OF FOREIGN POLLEN ON THE MOTHER-PLANT—ON THE EFFECTS IN FEMALE ANIMALS OF A FIRST IMPREGNATION ON THE SUBSEQUENT OFFSPRING—CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY ... Page 373 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Dun Devonshire Pony, with shoulder, spinal, and leg stripes ... PAGE 56 2. Head of Japan or Masked Pig ... 69 3. Head of Wild Boar, and of "Golden Days," a pig of the Yorkshire large breed ... 72 4. Old Irish Pig, with jaw-appendages ... 75 5. Half-lop Rabbit ... 108 6. Skull of Wild Rabbit ... 117 7. Skull of large Lop-eared Rabbit ... 117 8. Part of Zygomatic Arch, showing the projecting end of the malar-bone, and the auditory meatus, of Rabbits ... 118 9. Posterior end of Skull, showing the inter-parietal bone, of Rabbits ... 118 10. Occipital Foramen of Rabbits ... 118 11. Skull of Half-lop Rabbit ... 119 12. Atlas Vertebræ of Rabbits ... 121 13. Third Cervical Vertebræ of Rabbits ... 121 14. Dorsal Vertebræ, from sixth to tenth inclusive, of Rabbits ... 122 15. Terminal Bone of Sternum of Rabbits ... 123 16. Acromion of Scapula of Rabbits ... 123 17. The Rock-Pigeon, or Columbia Livia ... 135 18. English Pouter ... 137 19. English Carrier ... 140 20. English Barb ... 145 21. English Fantail ... 147 22. African Owl ... 149 23. Short-faced English Tumbler ... 152 24. Skulls of Pigeons, viewed laterally ... 163 25. Lower Jaws of Pigeons, seen from above ... 164 26. Skull of Runt, seen from above ... 165 27. Lateral view of Jaws of Pigeons ... 165 28. Scapulæ of Pigeons ... 167 29. Furculæ of Pigeons ... 167 30. Spanish Fowl ... 226 31. Hamburgh Fowl ... 228 32. Polish Fowl ... 229 33. Occipital Foramen of the Skulls of Fowls ... 261 34. Skulls of Fowls, viewed from above, a little obliquely ... 262 35. Longitudinal sections of Skulls of Fowls, viewed laterally ... 263 36. Skull of Horned Fowl, viewed from above, a little obliquely ... 265 37. Sixth Cervical Vertebræ of Fowls, viewed laterally ... 267 38. Extremity of the Furcula of Fowls, viewed laterally ... 268 39. Skulls of Ducks, viewed laterally, reduced to two-thirds of the natural size ... 282 40. Cervical Vertebræ of Ducks, of natural size ... 283 41. Pods of the Common Pea ... 328 42. Peach and Almond Stones, of natural size, viewed edgeways ... 337 43. Plum Stones, of natural size, viewed laterally ... 345

THE VARIATION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS UNDER DOMESTICATION. By Charles Darwin IN TWO VOLUMES.-Vol. II. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. INDEX CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.