Chapter 20

EARTHQUAKES

If your area is one of the places in the United States where earthquakes occur, keep these points in mind:

--When an earthquake happens, _keep calm_. Don't run or panic. If you take the proper precautions, the chances are you will not be hurt.

--REMAIN WHERE YOU ARE. If you are outdoors, stay outdoors; if indoors, stay indoors. In earthquakes, most injuries occur as people are entering or leaving buildings (from falling walls, electric wires, etc.).

--If you are indoors, sit or stand against an inside wall (preferably in the basement), or in an inside doorway; or else take cover under a desk, table or bench (in case the wall or ceiling should fall). Stay away from windows and outside doors.

--If you are outdoors, stay away from overhead electric wires, poles or anything else that might shake loose and fall (such as the cornices of tall buildings).

--If you are _driving an automobile_, pull off the road and stop (as soon as possible, and with caution). Remain in the car until the disturbance subsides. When you drive on, watch for hazards created by the earthquake, such as fallen or falling objects, downed electric wires, and broken or undermined roadways.

AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE

For your own safety and that of others, you should follow carefully the advice given in the section, "After a Natural Disaster" (page 73).

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INDEX

Air raid _see_ NUCLEAR ATTACK

Air raid shelters _see_ FALLOUT SHELTERS

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION 58-60

Atomic bomb attack _see_ NUCLEAR ATTACK

Attack, nuclear _see_ NUCLEAR ATTACK

ATTACK WARNING: 17-22 Actions to take 19-20, 21-22 Attack warning signal 19 Attack warning time 18, 21 Taking cover 21-22

ATTENTION OR ALERT SIGNAL (for natural disasters) 19-20, 71-72

Basements (for use as fallout shelters) _see_ FALLOUT SHELTERS

Blast from nuclear explosions _see_ NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, Effects of

BLEEDING, How to stop 61

Blizzards _see_ STORMS, Winter

BOATS (use as improvised fallout shelters) 33, 38

Bomb shelters _see_ FALLOUT SHELTERS

BREATHING, How to restore 58-60

BROADCASTING, Radio and television: In time of natural disaster 72, 75, 77, 81, 83 In time of nuclear attack 17-18, 32, 34

BROKEN BONES, How to treat 63-65

BURNS, How to treat 65-66

CHECKLIST OF EMERGENCY ACTIONS 6-7

CHILDREN, Special precautions for: Avoiding contaminated water and milk 6, 9, 16 Effects of radiation on children 13, 16 Finding fallout shelter at all times 24 Giving artificial respiration to children 59, 60 Infant supplies to be stored for shelter use 43

Construction of home fallout shelters _see_ PLANS FOR HOME FALLOUT SHELTERS

Cover _see_ TAKING COVER

CRAWL SPACE (use as improvised fallout shelter) 33, 36

DRIVING IN A TIME OF NATURAL DISASTER: Car may be needed for evacuation 72 Driving after a natural disaster has occurred 74 Driving at the time of a flood or hurricane 75, 76, 77, 78 Driving at the time of an earthquake 86 Driving during a winter storm 82-84 If you see a tornado while driving 80

EARTHQUAKES 85-86 _see also_ 71-74 (General Guidance)

Effects of nuclear explosions _see_ NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, Effects of

ELECTRIC SERVICE 75,82

ELECTRIC WIRES, Downed 73, 77, 78, 86

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES 73, 76

ELECTRICITY (as related to fires) 52, 54

EMERGENCY ACTIONS CHECKLIST 6-7

EMERGENCY SKILLS: Need for 2, 5, 55, 56 Training courses in 2, 55

EVACUATION IN A TIME OF NATURAL DISASTER: 75-78 Securing your home before leaving 75-76

EXERTION, Physical: Avoiding overexertion during a storm 84

FALLOUT, Radioactive 5, 6, 10-13, 15, 16

FALLOUT SHELTERS: _General information_ 13-14, 23-25 Home shelters 24-25, how to prepare 26-32 Improvised shelters 33-38 Public shelters 23-24, how to identify 24 Some protection provided against blast and heat 14 Supplies for fallout shelters 39-44 Taking cover before going to fallout shelter 21-22 When to leave shelter 13, 24, 32

FIRE: Firefighting at home 52-54 Firefighting supplies needed at home 43, 53 Fire from nuclear explosions _see_ NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, Effects of Fire in connection with natural disasters 73 Fire prevention at home 51-54 Special fire precautions in time of attack 52-53

Fireball, nuclear _see_ NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, Effects of

FIRST AID: 55-67 _General rules_ 57 Bleeding, how to stop it 61-62 Breathing, how to restore it 58-60 Broken bones 63-65 Burns 65-66 Radiation sickness 66-67 Shock, how to prevent and treat it 62-63 Supplies 42 Training courses 2, 55-56

Flash from nuclear explosions _see_ NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, Effects of

FLOODS: 75-78 _see also_ 71-74 (General Guidance) Special advice on flash floods 78 Using sandbags to protect home not recommended 76

FOOD: Available and usable after an attack 14-16 Care and use of food supplies in shelter 42, 46, 48 Food supplies in time of natural disaster 72, 82 Food to take to shelter 40, 42 Use of food after a natural disaster 73 _see also_ SUPPLIES FOR FALLOUT SHELTERS

Gamma radiation _see_ FALLOUT, Radioactive

GAS SERVICE, Turnoff by householders 75

GAS PIPES, Leaking 73

Heat from nuclear explosions _see_ NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, Effects of

HEATING, in time of winter storms 82

HOME FALLOUT SHELTERS: How to prepare a home shelter: 26-32 Outside type 32 Permanent type 26-29 Preplanned type 30-32 Importance of 24-25 Improvised home shelters 33-38 Managing water, food, and sanitation in 45-49 Supplies and equipment for 41-44 When to leave shelter 13, 24, 32

HURRICANES: 75-78 _see also_ 71-74 (General Guidance) "Eye" of a hurricane 78

Ice storm _see_ STORMS, Winter

Improvised fallout shelters _see_ FALLOUT SHELTERS

Infants _see_ CHILDREN, Special precautions for

Injuries, treatment of _see_ FIRST AID

MEDICAL CARE IN EMERGENCIES 55-67 _see also_ FIRST AID

MEDICAL SELF-HELP COURSE 2, 55, 56

MEDICINES AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES: Importance of having available 55, 56 What to keep on hand for natural disasters 72 What to store for home shelter use 42 What to take to a public fallout shelter 40

MILK CONTAMINATION FROM FALLOUT 9, 16

Missiles, nuclear _see_ NUCLEAR ATTACK _and_ NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, Effects of

MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION 58-60

NATURAL DISASTERS: 69-86 _General guidance_ 71-74 Earthquakes 85, 86 Emergency feeding and shelter stations 75 Floods and hurricanes 75-78 Supplies for 72, 82, 83 Tornadoes 79, 80 Value of preparations 70, 71 Warning 71-72, 75, 79, 81 Winter Storms 81-84

NATURAL DISASTER WARNING 17, 18, 19, 71-72

NUCLEAR ATTACK: 3-67 Areas of damage 10-11 Assistance available in time of attack 5 Checklist of emergency actions 6-7 Deaths and injuries 5, 10-11 Hazards of an attack 9-16 Importance of following local instructions 1, 2, 6, 7 Survivors 10-11 Taking cover if there should be a nuclear flash 21-22 Warning 6, 17-22

NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, Effects of 9-13

Outside fallout shelters _see_ HOME FALLOUT SHELTERS

PLANS FOR HOME FALLOUT SHELTERS: 26-32 Improvised home shelters, description of 33-38

Preparations for natural disasters _see_ NATURAL DISASTERS

Preparations for nuclear attack _see_ NUCLEAR ATTACK

Protective materials against fallout _see_ SHIELDING MATERIALS

PUBLIC FALLOUT SHELTERS: How to identify 7, 24 Supplies to take to public shelter 40 Water, food and sanitation in public shelter 45-46 When to leave shelter 13, 24, 32

Radiation _see_ FALLOUT, Radioactive

RADIATION SICKNESS: 11-13, 32 How to recognize and treat it 66-67

Radio _see_ BROADCASTING, Radio and television

Radioactive fallout _see_ FALLOUT, Radioactive

SANITATION 41-42, 45-49

Shelters _see_ FALLOUT SHELTERS

SHIELDING MATERIALS 14, 25, 34 Comparison of various materials 25

SHOCK, How to recognize and treat 62-63

Sick and injured, care of the _see_ FIRST AID

Sign, public fallout shelter _see_ PUBLIC FALLOUT SHELTERS

SIGNALS, Warning: 18-20 _see also_ ATTACK WARNING _and_ NATURAL DISASTER WARNING

Sirens, warning _see_ SIGNALS, Warning

Snow storms _see_ STORMS, Winter

STORM CELLARS: For protection from tornadoes 80 Use as fallout shelters 36

STORMS, Winter 81-84 _see also_ 71-74 (General Guidance)

STORM TIDES OR SURGES 75-78

SUPPLIES FOR FALLOUT SHELTERS: 39-44 Home shelters 39, 41-44, care and use of supplies 45-49 Public shelters 40, 46

SUPPLIES NEEDED FOR NATURAL DISASTERS 72, 82-83

TAKING COVER: For protection from tornadoes 79-80 In time of nuclear attack 21-22

TELEPHONE, Restricted use in a time of emergency 6, 20, 72, 74, 79

Television _see_ BROADCASTING, Radio and television

TOILETS, Emergency 42, 45-46, 48-49

TORNADOES 79-80 _see also_ 71-74 (General Guidance)

TOURNIQUETS, Special advice on 61-62

Training courses _see_ EMERGENCY SKILLS

WARNING: 17-22 _see also_ ATTACK WARNING _and_ NATURAL DISASTER WARNING

WATER: Available and usable after an attack 14-16 Care and use of water supplies in shelter 46-48 Possible danger of contaminated water to children 6, 9, 16 Precautions on use of water after a natural disaster 73 To store for home shelter use 41 To store for use in a natural disaster 72, 82 To take to public fallout shelter 40 Water service, turnoff by householders 75 _see also_ SUPPLIES FOR FALLOUT SHELTERS

Winter storms _see_ STORMS, Winter

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KEEP THIS HANDBOOK WITH OTHER EMERGENCY INSTRUCTIONS YOU RECEIVE

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1968--O-297-579

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FOOTNOTES:

Footnote 1: In a time of nuclear attack or major natural disaster, don't use the telephone to get information or advice. Depend on radio or television.

Footnote 2: These smaller particles would drift to earth more slowly, losing much of their radioactivity before they reached the ground, and would be spread by the upper winds over vast areas of the world.

Footnote 3: This table, and other suggestions concerning emergency supplies of food and water, is contained in "Family Food Stockpile for Survival," Home and Garden Bulletin No. 77, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402, price 10 cents.

End of Project Gutenberg's In Time Of Emergency, by Department of Defense