Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.

Part 47

Chapter 473,246 wordsPublic domain

Imagines Mortis, a series of prints supposed to have been known to Shakspeare, 252

Infamis digitus, 302

Israel Von Mecheln, account of a curious print engraven by him representing a morris dance, 585

Jachimo, remarks on this name, 375

Jack of the clock-house, 337

Janus, his double head difficult to explain, 154

Jesus, corruption of his name into Gis, 475

----, name of, inscribed on swords, 455

Jews, their usury, 155

Joculator, ancient meaning of this word, 502

Jourdain, Margery, some account of her, 316

Judas, an allusion to him,. 215

K.

Kaukie, a sort of fairies, 239

Killigrew, not a regular jester, 503

King Henry the Sixth, account of prayers composed by him, 337

---- ---- ---- ----, reasons why the whole of the plays on his reign were not written by Shakspeare, 332

King Lear, an unpublished story of him and his daughters, 420

Kirke, Colonel, his conduct misrepresented by Mr. Hume, 95

Kirtle, some observations on it, 282, 294

Kissing, part of the ancient ceremony of betrothing, 248

Knight, remarks on this title, 378

Knights topers, ceremony of dubbing them, 293

L.

Labyrinthus, the author of this Latin comedy indebted to Shakspeare, 427

Lady of the May, 589

Lancaster, Duke of, an error relating to him corrected, 277

Lark, parallel passages relating to his singing extracted from old poets, 375

Lavolta, an ancient dance described, 300

Law of the twelve tables, permitting a creditor to mangle the debtor's body, 178

Lawyers compared to frogs by an old monkish writer, 528

Leland probably translated the Gesta Romanorum, 571, 573

Lenox, Mrs., the injustice of some of her criticisms on Shakspeare, 97, 110

Lion, generosity of this animal, 189

Liver, the seat of love, 38

Liveries of servants, 206

Lord of the May, 590

Love, blindness of, noticed by Chaucer, 138

Love's labour's lost, this play supposed to have been taken from a French novel, 152

Lowth, Bishop, mistaken in his opinion concerning wastel bread, 444

Lucifer the morning star, Aurora's harbinger, 120

Lullaby songs, remarks on them, 383

---- ----, specimens of, 385

Lydgate, his poem against horned head-dresses, 125

Lydgate, monk of Bury, supposed to have been concerned in an English translation of the Gesta Romanorum, 572

Lying at Ladies' feet, an ancient custom, 466

M.

Machiavellus, an unpublished Latin play, 163

Maiden, an instrument for beheading criminals, some account of it, 188

Maid Marian, her character in the morris dance described, 588

Maillard, Father, his sermons resemble those of the Methodists, 88

Majesty, when first used as a title by sovereigns, 319

Making the fig, explained, 302

Man, how expressed in the Chinese language, 415

Man in the moon, remarks on him, 9

Manuscript, account of a beautiful one, 471

Manus lasciva, 303

Maret, fool of Louis XIII., story of him, 505

Marian, derivation of this name, 588

Marie de France, a fable written by her, 525

Marigold, 219

Markham, Jervis, author of "a health to the gentlemanly profession of serving men", 207

Marshall, John, some account of him, 551

Mary, when this name first used, 589

Masks, 28

Masques, representations of ancient, 425

Matachins, dance of, 578

May-dew on fairy rings, superstition relating to it, 112

May games, 581, 584

---- ---- censured by the Puritans, 595

May lady, 589

Measure for measure, remarks on the story of it, 94

---- ---- ----, a story resembling its plot, 484

Medlars, some remarks on them, 186

Merchant of Venice, remarks on the story of it, 167

Merchant, particular application of this word in the time of Shakspeare, 429

Mill-sixpences, 33

Milton imitates Shakspeare, 113, 117, 130

Minstrels, some remarks on them, 216

Misletoe, ancient prejudice against the berries of it, 386

Moidor, its etymology, 309

Monarch of the North, a Devil invoked by witches, 315

Monkies, the ancient manner of retaining them, 335

Montfaucon, a mistake by him pointed out, 455

Moon, eclipse of, ideas of various nations concerning it, 18

Moon, how represented by the Chinese, 10, 243

---- ---- ---- by the Egyptians, 243

----, its moisture, 116

----, use of it among witches, 16

Mooncalf, 9

Morality, singular incident in one, 515

Moralizations, the practice of adding them to various works in former times, 522

Morris dance, characters of which it was composed, 586

---- ----, different sorts of it described, 581

---- ----, etymology of, 572

---- ----, French, 579

---- ----, music to a French one, 580

---- ----, origin of, 577

---- ----, representations of it described, 584

---- ----, when first introduced into England, 580

Morris dancers described, 601

Morton, Earl of, the manner of his execution, 188

Mother Bombie, 64

Mother Cole, some resemblance between her character and that of Falstaff, 276

Muffler, description of this article of female dress, 47

Muckle John, fool of Charles I., 502

Music, defence of it, against Lord Chesterfield and Mr. Steevens, 165

N.

Naked man with shears, this emblem of the versatility of fashion not peculiar to the English, 106

Nashe, a story from his Lenten stuffe, 368

Needle-work, ancient, some account of it, 59

Neptune, converted into a mischievous fairy, 240

Nicholas, Saint, why the patron of scholars, 26

Nicholas's clerks, a name for highwaymen, 27

Nicneven, 237

Night-mare, charm against it, 126

Night spells, 127

Nine men's morris, an account of this game and of the origin of the term, 114

Norman drinking song, 447

North, monarch of the, a Devil so called, 315

Northbrooke, John, a puritanical writer in the manner of Stubbes, 135

O.

Oberon, king of the fairies, 113

Occleve, indebted to the Gesta Romanorum for two of his stories, 552, 570

Occleve, supposed to have translated the Gesta Romanorum into English, 572

Odo de Ceriton, his tales and fables, 524

---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----, specimens of them, 525

Orleans, duke of, account of his poems, 471

Ovid, his Metamorphoses moralized, 522

P.

Pageant of the nine worthies, 149

---- of the sea, 154

Painters, their errors in costume, 490

Pandarus, an allusion to him, 311

Paradin's heroical devises, a book probably used by the author of Pericles, 392

Parke's Curtaine drawer of the world, a book of great merit, 116

----, William, quotations from his Curtaine drawer of the world, 360, 418

Partizan, a different weapon from the pike, 370

Passameasure, music to an old dance so called, 281

Patch, not the real name of a fool as commonly supposed, 158

Patenson, the fool of Sir Thomas More, 513

Paul's, St., cathedral, bills formerly stuck up there as now at the Royal Exchange, 101

Pavan, an ancient dance, 72

Peacock pie, 448

Pengelden, Rees, a Welsh fool, story of him, 503

Penmanship in the time of Elizabeth remarkably beautiful, 87

Pentapolis, account of, 388

Pericles, the story of this play examined, 398

Perseus and Andromeda, errors of artists in representing the story of it, 348

Perseus's horse, a critique on it, 347

Perspective glasses, 73

Pheasant pie, 448

Phrases, particular ones in the mouths of theatrical characters, 37

Physicians formerly attended by servants to carry their swords, _ib._

Picture of old Adam new apparelled, 226

Pillory, remarks on this mode of punishment, 90

----, several specimens of it represented, 91

Platting of horses' manes, a superstitious notion explained, 425

Players censured for their stage interpolations, 498

Poking-sticks, 220

Poor Tom, hints for dressing this character on the stage, 415

Preachers, account of ancient, 523

----, their custom of introducing stories into their sermons, 521

Proverbs, old ones explained, 506, 525

Provincial roses, account of, 467

Provost, the story of one, 87

Punch, Dr. Johnson mistaken in his opinion concerning the origin of this theatrical character, 469

Purgatory, allusions to it in Measure for measure, 82

Puritans burlesqued the music of the Papists, 218

Putscet, a deity of the Samogitæ, 239

Q.

Quail-fighting, remarks on, 367

Queen of Sheba, an ancient sign, explained, 61

R.

Raoul le Fevre, account of his history of Troy, 354

Rapier, account of this weapon, 39

----, engraving of an old one, 279

Receipt to make men seem like horses, 484

Red, an emblem of courage, 156

Reels danced by witches, 370

Retainers, a sort of servants, 206

Reynard the fox, when this romance was composed, 526

Richard III., his deformity, 335

Riddles, their occasional introduction into ancient romances, 389

Riding the wild mare, a childish sport, 282

Rings interchanged on betrothing, 68

Ritson, Mr., a mistake by him corrected, 605

Rivets in armour, when closed up, 308

Robin Rush, the idiot fool of Lord Bussy Mansel, 504

Robinson, Richard, account of a work by him, 285

---- ----, prices of his dedications, 574

---- ----, some curious works by him specified, 573

Rome, pronunciation of this word in Shakspeare's time, 364

Romeo and Juliet, the original story of this play borrowed in part from a Greek romance, 436

Rosemary, a token of remembrance, 218

----, its use at funerals, 434

Roses of Provins, 467

Rowe, his edition of Shakspeare curious for the prints, 489

Ruffs, satirized in old prints, 220

Rushes, custom of strewing them in halls, &c., 294

Rush ring marriages, explained, 194

S.

Sack, remarks on it, 256

Sackvile's Complaynt of the duke of Bvckingham, a poem ridiculed by Shakspeare, 281

Saint Helen's fire, a meteor, 3

Satyr's dance, 222

Scoloker, Antony, his Daiphantu, 465, 478

Seldom comes the better, explanation of this phrase, 333

Seven wise masters, the Gesta Romanorum indebted to it, 544, 547

Setebos, 7

Senile odium, of Stubbes, quoted, 129

Sexten, a fool belonging to Wolsey, 158

Shakspeare, his grammatical errors, 181

----, his correct knowledge of the ceremonies belonging to the Romish Church, 325

----, his metaphors often careless and confused, 338

----, ridiculed by Fletcher, 451, 452

----, the quarto editions of his plays full of typographical errors, 463

Sheriff's fool, 198

Shields in heraldry, conjectures on their origin, 477

Ship of fools, by Brandt, cited, 510

---- ---- ----, English prose translation of it by Watson, 462

Shove-groat, an ancient game, 279

Shovel-board, an ancient game, _ib._

Shylock, what his stage dress should be, 155

Sidney, Sir Philip, reprobated the custom of introducing fools on the stage, 498

Sights, remarkable love for strange ones among the English, 9

Sir Isumbras, an incident in one of the stories in the Gesta Romanorum, borrowed from that romance, 543

Sleep, death's counterfeit, 232

Slide-groat, an ancient game, 279

Solomon's judgment, stories in imitation of it, 550

Somers, Will, portraits of him described, 336, 512

Somner, Mr., his erroneous opinion on wastel bread, 446

Songs, ancient, 385, 414, 433, 447, 474

Southern wind, destructive, 6

Spirits belonging to magicians, 5

Staff tipped with horn, explained, 109

Stag, his secretion of tears, 183

Stalking-horses, bulls, &c., 106

Stanihurst's Virgil, passages from it, 249

Stars on ancient medals, expressive of immortality, 397

Stone, a celebrated fool, 505

Stones, superstitions relating to them, 426, 453

Stothard, Mr., his painting of Chaucer's pilgrims, 490

Stowe, an error in his Annals pointed out, 290

----, engraving of an initial letter in his Survey of London, 81

Straparola, his novels quoted, 212

Strappado, a military torture explained, 263

Stumble at the threshold, explanation of this phrase, 331

Suicides how buried formerly, 476

Swan, the death-song of this bird mentioned in various authors, 161

Swan's Speculum mundi, cited for some lines in Shakspeare with variations, 428

Sword and buckler, remarks on their use, 259

Sword, used as a bridge by heroes of ancient chivalry, _ib._

----, swearing by it, 455

Swords, mottoes on them, 279

Symposii ænigmata, some account of the work so called, 399

T.

Table books, description of those used in Shakspeare's time, 454

Tabor, an instrument used by fools, 61

Tabourot, the earliest writer on dancing, 579

Taming of the shrew, stories resembling that of the induction to this play, 211

---- ---- ---- ----, outline of the play itself in a Spanish work, 212

Tempest, whence the construction of this play was suggested, 4

Theobald defended against Warburton, 218

Thor's hammers, stones so called that were supposed to control the manes of the dead, 453

Thunderbolt, superstitions relating to it, 369

Time's fool, 273

Timon of Athens, his epitaph, 358

Toad, remarks on the supposed stone or jewel in its head, 181

Tollett, Mr., remarks on his curious painting on glass of a morris dance, 584

Tom Piper, a character in the morris dance, 595

Torch bearers at masques, account of, 424

Touchstone, his real character, 181

Trencher-scraping, 11

Tristan de Leonnois, a riddle from that romance, 389

Trinculo, how he should be dressed on the stage, 12, 18

Troilus and Cressida, the origin of their story examined, 352

Troth-plighting, 24

Troy, the names of its gates borrowed by Shakspeare from Caxton's Recuyles or destruction of Troy, and not from Lydgate, 346

----, the siege of it a frequent subject on old tapestry, 346

Trump, an ancient game at cards explained, 374

Tyrants in the old mysteries, great swearers, 85

Tyrian tapestry, explained, 204

U.

Ucalegon, Dr. Bentley mistaken in his conception of that character, 277

Unities, neglected by the ancient theatrical writers, 296

Urchins' dance, 7

Urinals, the portraits of physicians anciently represented with them, 45

Usurers, some of their practices described, 459

Valentine, a palace so called at Turin, 472

Valentine and Orson, some editions of this romance specified, 462

Valentines, custom of choosing examined, 470

Vice of the old moralities, etymologically considered, 287

----, an ancient theatrical character, 500, 510

Virgil's gnat, some account of it, 548

Vow of the peacock, 290

W.

Wandering knight, the name of a spiritual romance, 255

Warton, Mr., character of his History of English poetry, 519

Warburton, his hyper-criticisms, 217, 294

Wassel, the origin and meaning of this word, 441

Wastel bread, explained, 444

Watson, translated Valentine and Orson, and The ship of fools, 462

Watts, Mr., his erroneous account of wastel bread, 445

Wax tablets, some account of, 455

We three, picture of, 54

Whale to virginity, meaning of this phrase, 199

Whitney's emblems, probably used by the author of Pericles, 393

Wicliffe's bible, an invaluable monument of the English language, 251

Will the taborer, a Welsh fool, 504

Williames, a fool belonging to Wolsey, 158

Willow-garlands, the custom of wearing them explained, 104, 164

Wind, an image relating to it, 482

Wine, formerly made in England, 449

Winter's tale, character of it, 224

Wise woman, 60, 63

Wits, fittes and fancies, account of a book so called, 210

---- ---- ---- ----, a story from that work, 468

Wolsey, Cardinal, account of his fools, 158

---- ----, articles against him, 341

---- ----, improperly censured for placing a cardinal's hat on his coins, 343

---- ----, Shakspeare's allusion to a strumpet kept by him, 341

X.

Xenophon of Ephesus, a romance written by him supposed to have been used by the author of the story of Romeo and Juliet, 436

----, Two of the incidents in his Ephesiacs occur in Cymbeline, 437

Y.

Yellow, an epithet applied to jealousy, 105

Yew, bows made of it, 245

----, connected with witchcraft, 244

----, why planted in church-yards, _ib._

Younger brothers, their servile degradation in former times, 208

Z.

Zimimar, monarch of the North, a Devil invoked by witches, 315

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

A. PAGE

Abstract, 372

Addrest, 121

Ajaxes, 151

Anon, 263

Apron, 316

Aqua-vitæ, 42

Argosies, 152

Aroint, 228

Aspect, 225

Assinego, 349

Aunt, 113

B.

Barnacles, 14

Bases, 391

Basilisk, 261

Bate, 269

Beadsman, 20

Beaver, 269

Become, 28

Bewray, 329

Blue-bottle, 293

Boggy-bo, 202

Boil, 411

Bombast, 151

Bo-peep, 404

Boots, 21

Bout, 143

Brake, 118

Brands, 377

Bras, 310

Breech'd, 232

Brown-paper commodities, 87

Bugs, 202

Bully-rook, 36

Burn'd, 412

Buss, 248

But, 205

Buz, 456

C.

Canary, 45

Candle-holder, 424

Canon, 439

Cantle, 266

Careires, 34

Carouse, 441

Carry coals, 423

Cast, 187

Cat-a-mountain, 41

Caviare, 460

Chace, 298

Charming, 383

Chopine, 457

Cheer, 119

Child of fancy, 130

Christom, 299

City-ward, 44

Clamour, 221

Cleft, 31

Cock and Pye, 290

Cockney, 407

Codpiece, 412

Complete, 450

Concent, 313

Conclusion, 389

Consented, 313

Constant, 162

Corinthian, 262

Corporal, 141

Corrosive, 324

Coted, 141

Countercheck, 248

Counterfeit, 162

Crack'd within the ring, 459

Cruzado, 481

Cry'd game, 105

Culverin, 261

Curry, 291

Curst and brief, 62

Curtail, 38

Curtal, 197

Cypress, 56

D.

Dark-room, 64, 67

Damn'd, 466

Daughters of the game, 351

Day-woman, 133

Dictynna, 140

Diet, 357

Discreet, 282

Dissembling, 333

Dog-apes, 184

Domineer, 205

Draw Dun from the mire, 425

Drawn fox, 267

Driveling, 429

Ducdamé, 184

Duff, 232

Dusty, 246

E.

Eager, 454

E'er, 1, 250

Eleven and twenty, 209

Elves, 15

Embowel'd, 274

Endenes, 217

Enemy, 62, 80

Erinnys, 254

Estridge, 373

Estridges, 268

Extravagant, 439

Eyas-musket, 46

F.

Fall, 77

Fast, 452

Fear, 202

Figo, 302

Filed, 143

Fine's a crown, 202

Flap-dragons, 281

Flaw, 411

Flourish, 86

Forfeits, 93

Forked, 415

Free, 56

Fret, 468

Fulsome, 155

G.

Gadding, 434

Gaze, 165

Geck, 74

Gentle, 214

Gib-cat, 256

Gilded tombs, 160

Gird, 315

Gis, 475

Gleek, 118, 435

Good b'ye, 385

God-dig-you-den, 139

Gongarian, 36

Good-den, 247

Grace, 319

Green-sour, 16

Griping, 435

Guerdon, 137

H.

Hallidom, 28

Handy-dandy, 417

Ha no nonny, 414

Have at you, 340

Hebenon, 453

Henchman, 116

Hiren, 278

Hoodman, 198

Horned, 121

Horse's health, 415

Hunt's up, 432

I.

Jack, 336

Idle, 480

Imbrocato, 144

Imp, 131

Impertinency, 418

Impeticos, 55

Inhibit, 234

Inhoop'd, 367

Intergatory, 166

Insculp, 159

John Drum's entertainment, 198

K.

Keeps, 76

Kirtle, 282

L.

Lavatch, 200

Lavolta, 300

Lead apes in hell, 203

Leman, 49

Lender's books, 413

Libya, 223

Light o'love, 108

Likes, 27

Lion-gait, 299

Lover, 77

Lozel, 215

Lubber the world, 66

Lullaby, 383

Lush, 8, 117

Lustyhood, 108

Lusty young men, 424

M.

Macduff, 232

Majesty, 319

Master of fence, 35

Mate, 201

Meiny, 407

Merely, 1

Milch, 461

Mince, 50

Mind of love, 160

Model, 252

Mome, 225

Momentany, 111

Monarcho, 140

Month's mind, 24

Morisco, 321

Mumbudget, 50

Mysteries, 339

N.

Naples, 363

Nice, 372

Night-rule, 119

Nott-pated, 263

Novum, 149

O.

'Od's pitikins, 381

Ostent, 372

Ourselves, 234

P.

Paddock, 227

Pandar, 350

Parlous, 334

Passes, 49

Passy-measure, 72

Patch, 158

Pavin, 72

Paucas palabris, 201

Peacock, 467

Perspective, 73

Picked, 477

Pick-thanks, 266

Pillicock, 413

Pipe-wine, 45

Pittie-ward, 44

Point-device, 57

Pompæ, 392

Possess'd, 86

Prattlings, 462

Preserved, 79

Prince of the world, 200

Prone, 76

'Proof, 210

Prouder, 251

Provincial roses, 467

Pur, 200

Purveyor, 230

Pygmalion's images, 85

Q.

Quail, 183

Quaint, 5

Quarrel, 112, 227

Quarry, 227, 245

Quart d'ecu, 199

Quests, 86

Quillets, 142

Quinquenove, 149

R.

Ragozine, 89, 153

Ranged, 367

Recorder, 31, 467

Red-lattice, 42

Reels, 370

Resolved, 85

Rest, 250

Roister, 441

Ropery, 429

Rope-tricks, 430

Rouse, 441

Rowel-head, 277

Ruddock, 380

Rule, 119

Runaway's eyes, 431

S.

Sadness, 330

Sack and sugar, 256

Saint George to borrow, 337

Saint George to thrive, 338

Sallet, 328

Sans, 185, 486

Scape, 249

Sere, 456

Silver-sweet, 428

Sirrah, 258

Skains-mates, 430

Sop o' the moonshine, 405

Sorts, 297

Square, 112

Stale, 201

Statue, 30

Sticking-place, 231

Stoccado, 144

Straight, 475

Strain, 37

Stronds, 254

Sufficiency, 75

Swelling heavens, 266

T.

Take the head, 253

Tawny Spain, 130

Tester, 23

Though, 437

Three-hoop'd, 327

Three-men songs, 218

Three-pil'd, 147

Throstle, 154

Tib, 397

Tib and Tom, 196

Timely-parted, 321

Tirra-lirra, 217

To borrow, 338

To boot, 337

Tongue, 266

Triumviry, 141

Troll, 12

Twangling Jack, 204

Turlygood, 406

U.

Unhack'd, 65

Unpitied, 87

Urchins, 6, 9

Usance, 156

Usher, 371

Vailing, 147

Venew, 143

Very, 27

Vice, 469

Vile, 51

Visor, 270

W.

Waxen, 297

Whiffler, 311

Wimpled, 137

Winchester goose, 352

Winter-ground, 380

Wooden pricks, 405

Woe-begone, 277

Wrest, 350

Y.

Yorick, 477

THE END.

PRINTED BY RICHARD KINDER, GREEN ARBOUR COURT, OLD BAILEY.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Added anchor for footnote on p. 511.

Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors.

Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.

Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.

Enclosed distinctive font in ~tildes~.