Part 4

23. L. PERSPICUA, _Linn._--_Helix_, _Bulla haliotoidea_, _Sigareta_ and _Coriocella neritoideus_.--Brit. co. generally, but R.; 1 to 15 fath., Mr. Thin, glassy, more ventricose than _L. tentaculata_.

24. L. TENTACULATA, _Mont._--_Sig._ and _Cor._--Falmouth, Swansea, Arran, etc. Laminarian, Mr. Upper whorls less full than _L. perspicua_.

OTINA.

25. O. OTIS, _Turt._ (_Helix._)--_Velutina_, _Galericulum ovatum_.--Wales, Devon, Channel Isls., Clare, etc., Mc. Littoral.

TRICHOTROPIS.

26. T. BOREALIS, _Broderip and Sowb._--_T._ and _Murex carinatus_, _umbilicatus_, _acuminatus_, etc.--N. Scotland, W. Ireland, 15 to 80 fath., R.

PLATE XVII.

ODOSTOMIA.

Fig.

1. O. UNIDENTATA, _Mont._ (_Turbo._)--_Voluta u._, _O. plicata_.--Brit. co. generally, Mc. Rather conical. Tooth strong; no epidermis.

2. O. TURRITA, _Hanley_, _Brit. Mar. Conch._--_O. unidentata_, var. B. M.--R. More lengthened than No. 1.

3, 4. O. ACUTA, _Jeffreys._--Torbay, Loch Fyne, Galway, etc., Mc. Strong, conical. Suture deep.

5. O. PLICATA, _Mont._ (_Turbo._)--_Voluta p._, _V. plicatula_, _O. Annæ_, _Jaminia p._, etc., Mc.--Salcombe, Swansea, Dublin, Aberdeen, Mc. Turreted. Narrow, thin.

6. O. INSCULPTA, _Mont._ (_Turbo._)--_Voluta_, _Jaminia_, and _O. ins._--S. Devon, Oban, Hebrides, etc., R. Conical, spirally striated.

7. O. PALLIDA, _Mont._ (_Turbo._)--_Vol._, _Cingula_, _Phasianella p._, _O. ambigua_.--S. Devon, Rr. Broad. Thin, pillar straight.

8. O. CONOIDEA, _Brock._--_Turbo_, _Odost._, etc.--N. Scotland, Mc. S. Devon, Mr. N. and S. Eu. White. Whorls straight; throat striated.

9. O. CONSPICUA, _Alder._--Isl. Man, Whitburn, Herm. Coloured. Whorls rounded; throat striated.

10. O. TRUNCATULA, _Jeffreys._--Plymouth. Elongated.

11. O. CYLINDRICA, _Alder._--_Turbo nivosus_?--S. Devon, Ilfracombe, Guernsey, Cork, R. Cylindrical, few whorls.

12, 13. O. EULIMOIDES, _Hanley._--_O. crassa_, _O. pallida_ (var. f. 13), _O. notata._--Brit. co. generally. Coralline zone, Mr. Ample body-whorl.

14. O. DUBIA, _Jeffr._--S. Devon, Lerwick, Guernsey, Mr. Rather large body-whorl.

15, 16. O. ALBA, _Jeffreys_, (and var.)--Swansea, Skye, Zetland, Guernsey, Mr. Thin, whorls rounded.

17. O. NITIDA, _Alder._--S. Devon. Littoral, Mc. Aperture differently formed from No. 17.

18. O. LUKISII, _Jeffreys_, _Ann. Nat. Hist. 1859._--Guernsey. Sublittoral and coralline, Mc. Whorls tumid; a slight umbilicus.

19. O. GLABRATA, _Muhlfeldt_, (_Helix._)--_Rissoa punctulum_, etc.--Zetland, R. Pillar-lip thin, arched.

20. O. RISSOIDES, _Hanley._--_O. scalaris._--Channel Isls., Devon, Cornwall, Tenby, etc., Mc. Thin, conical, no umbilicus.

21. O. ALBELLA, _Lovén._--_O. rissoides_, var., B. M.--Guernsey, S. Devon, etc. Turreted, upper whorls more cylindrical than No. 20.

22. O. OBLIQUA, _Alder._--Tynemouth, Guernsey, 7 fath. to deep water, Rr. Thin, oblique.

23. O. DIAPHANA, _Jeffr._ _Ann. Nat. Hist. New Ser. vol._ ii. _p._ 341.--R. Manifestly distinct from No. 22.

24. O. STRIALATA, _Alder._--Northumberland, Rr. Conical, striated.

25. O. MINIMA, _Jeffreys_, _Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1, 1858._

26. O. INTERSTINCTA, _Mont._ (_Turbo._)--_T._, _O._, _Voluta_, and _Jaminia canaliculata_, _oblonga_, and _obtusa_.--Brit. co. generally. Shallow water, C. With longitudinal ribs.

27. O. DOLIOLIFORMIS, _Jeffr._--Scarborough, Exmouth, Swansea, Tenby, Rr., Scotland. Oval, body-whorl very tumid.

28. O. WARRENII, _Thompson_, (_Rissoa_.)--_Turbonilla_ and _O. obliqua_, _O. decorata_.--Dublin, S. Devon, W. Scotland, R. Turreted. Mouth oblique; an umbilicus; no fold or columella.

29. O. SPIRIALIS, _Mont._ (_Turbo._)--_Voluta_ and _Rissoa s._, _pellucida_, and _plicatula_.--Brit. co. generally, not deep, Mc. Whorls ribbed longitudinally above, spirally beneath.

30. O. DECUSSATA, _Mont._ (_Turbo._)--_T. Helix_, _Rissoa_ and _O. arenaria_, _pellucida_?, and _d._--Exmouth, Lerwick, etc., R. Ribbed and spirally striated.

31. O. EXCAVATA, _Phil._ (_Rissoa_.)--_R._, _O._, and _Cingula Harveyi_ and _Deshayesiana_.--Dublin, Arran, Guernsey, R. Largely sculptured.

PLATE XVIII.

TRITON.

Fig.

1. T. CUTACEUS, _Linn._--Channel Isls., Rr. as Brit. Mr. Lukis's specimen taken living off Guernsey.

2. T. NODIFERUS, _Lamk._--Guernsey; three living specimens, one incrusted with _Lepralia coccinea_ (truly British). Mr. Jeffrey's specimen reduced.

MUREX.

3. M. ERINACEUS, _Linn._--_Purpura scalata_, var. _M. Tarentinus_.--Brit. co. generally; 5 to 30 fath., C. N. and S. Eu.

4. M. CORALLINUS, _Scacchi._--_Fusus_ and _M. lavatus_, _inconspicuus_, _gyrinus_, and _badius_?--Channel Isls. and S. Eu., C.

M. RUDIS. See _Trophon_.

PURPURA.

5. P. LAPILLUS, _Linn._ (_Buccinum._)--_B._ and _P. filosum_, _imbricatum_, and _bizonalis_.--In crevices on shores, Brit. co. generally, N. and S. Eu., C.

LACHESIS.

6. L. MINIMA, _Mont._ (_Buccinum_.)--_B. brunneum_, _B. rubrum_, _Nesæa granulata_, _mamillata_, _Fusus minimus_, etc.--Channel Isls. and S. Brit., on shores. S. Eu.

BUCCINUM.

7. B. HOLBOLLII.--_Mangelia H._--Cornwall, Rr.

8. B. UNDATUM, _Linn._--_B. striatum_, _anglicanum_, _pyramidale_, _imperiale_, etc.--Brit. co. generally, shores, Cc. N. Eu. and Am.

9. B. ACUMINATUM, _Brod._--_B. undatum_ var., B. M.--Rr.

10. B. CILIATUM, _Fabr._ (_Tritonium._)--Shetland, deep water, R. More thin than No. 9; with striæ finer, and hairs of epidermis tufted minutely.

11. B. FUSIFORME, _Brod._--Cork, Wexford, Rr. Turreted, fusiform, white, ribbed, striated.

12. B. DALEI, _Sowerby._--_B. ovum_, _Halia Flemingiana_.--Torbay, Northumberland, Aberdeen, etc., R. Ventricose.

13. B. HUMPHREYSIANUM, _Bennett._--_Tritonium H._--Cork, Skye, Bantry Bay, R. Light, smooth.

FUSUS.

14. F. BERNICIENSIS, _King._--Northumberland, Rr. Carinated, with open pink mouth.

15. F. NORVEGICUS, _Chemn._ (_Strombus._)--_Tritonium n._--Scarborough, Durham, Rr. Oval, smooth, with large aperture.

16. F. ANTIQUUS, _Linn._ (_Murex._)--_M._, _B._, and _Tritonium despectus_, _contrarius_, _carinatus_, _babylonicus_, etc.--Various Brit. co., 5 to 30 fath., C.

17. F. ISLANDICUS, _Chemn._--_Murex corneus_, _Tritonium gracile_, etc.--Brit. co. generally; 5 to 80 fath.; N. Eu., C. (See _F. propinquus_.)

18. F. TURTONI, _Bean._--Yorkshire, Northumberland, 60 fath., Rr.

19. F. PROPINQUUS, _Alder._--_F. corneus_ and _islandicus_, var.--N. Scotland, Bantry Bay, Northumberland, deep water, Mr. Shorter than _F. islandicus_, with deep suture and symmetrical spire.

TROPHON.

20. T. RUDIS, _Phil._ (_Fusus._)--_Murex r._, Jeffreys.--Tenby; unique as British. Whorls and ribs rounded.

21. T. MURICATUS, _Mont._--_Fusus_ and _Murex m._--Brit. co. generally, Channel Isls., 15 to 50 fath., Mr. Whorls angular, ribs intersected.

22. T. SCALARIFORMIS, _Gould._--Belfast, in sand, Rr. Ribs smooth.

23. T. CLATHRATUS, _Linn._ (_Murex._)--_Tritonium_, _Fusus_, and _Pleurotoma Bamfius_.--Irish sea, Zetland, Mc. Ribs laminated.

24. T. BARVICENSIS, _Johnston._--_Fusus_ and _Tritonium b._--Hebrides, Cork, Northumberland, 60 fath., Mr. Ribs aculeated.

PLATE XIX.

NASSA.

Fig.

1. N. RETICULATA, _Linn._ (_Buccinum._)--_N. pullus_, _Tritonium r._--Brit. and Eu. co. generally. Littoral, Cc.

2. N. INCRASSATA, _Müller_, (_Buccinum._)--_N._ and _B. minutum_, _macula_, _asperulum_, etc.--Brit. shores generally, 0 to 50 fath., gravel, C.

3. N. PYGMÆA, _Lamk._ (_Ranella._)--_B. tuberculatum_, _Tritonia varicosa_, etc.--S. Brit. co., S. Eu., 4 fath. to deep water, C. Small, with white varices on the body.

MANGELIA.

4. M. TURRICULATA, _Mont._ (_Murex._)--_Bela_, _Fusus_, and _Pleurotoma angulatus_, etc.--Brit. co. generally, 3 to 100 fath., N. Eu., C. Whorls flat above.

5. M. TREVELLIANA, _Turt._--_Pleurotoma_, _Bela_, and _M. reticulata_, _decussata_, and _leucostoma_.--Northumberland, Aberdeen, Zetland, etc., 15 to 40 fath., R. Whorls with angular slope above.

6. M. RUFA, _Mont._ (_Murex._)--_F._, _M._, and _B. chordula_, _Ulideana_ (var.), etc.--Brit. co. generally, Mc.

7. M. TERES, _Forbes_, (_Pleurotoma._)--_P. boreale._--Various loc., 15 to 50 fath. S. Eu., Mr. Carinated, aperture deeply notched.

8. M. PURPUREA, _Mont._ (_Murex._)--_Fusus_ and _Pleu. p._, _Philberti versicolor_ and _variegatum_.--Brit. co. gen., 3 to 60 fath., C. S. Eu.

9. M. CANCELLATA, _Sowerby_ (_Fusus._)--_M. purpurea_ var., _F. asperrimus_,--Cornwall, Cork, R. Sharply sculptured.

10. M. RETICULATUM, _Brown_, (_Pleurotoma._)--_M. cancellata_ var.--Shetland, Guernsey, Rr. Sculpture between 8 and 9; inner lip not thickened.

11. M. LEUFROYI, _Michaud_, (_Pleurotoma._)--_P._, _F._, and _M. inflata_, _Boothii_.--Arran, Orkneys, Guernsey, etc.; S. Eu., 5 to 50 fath., Mc.

12. M. LINEARIS, _Mont._ (_Murex._)--_M._, _Pl._, _Fus. elegans_, _concinna_, etc.--Brit. co. generally, sand and shells, 1 to 80 fath., C.

13. M. SCABRA, _Jeffreys_, (_Pleur._)--_M. linearis_ var.--Guernsey, Plymouth, R.

14. M. NEBULA, _Mont._ (_Murex._)--_M._, _P._, and _F. Bertrandi_, _varians_, and _pyramidatus_.--Various places and depths, N. and S. Eu., C.

15. M. LÆVIGATA, _Phil._ (_Pleu._)--_M. nebula_ var.--South Brit., S. Eu. Small, fusiform, shiny, banded.

16. M. GUINNIANA, _Phil._ (_Pleu._)--_M. nebula_ var.--Tenby, etc., Mr. S. Eu. Whorls longer than No. 14.

17. M. BRACHYSTOMA, _Phil._ (_Pleu._)--_M. tiarula_ and _Clavatula b._--Brit. co. gen., Mr. Turreted; ribs crossed by raised lines.

18. M. NANA, _Lovén_, (_Tritonium._)--_Fusus albus._--Lerwick, Zetland, Orkneys, etc., 45 fath., and deep, R. Ventricose, cancellated.

19, 20. M. STRIOLATA, _Scacchi_, (_Pleu._)--_P._ and _Murex Smithii_, _Farranti_.--S. Devon, Clyde, Guernsey, Bantry, etc., Medit., R. as Brit. Ribs angularly curved above.

21, 22. M. COSTATA, _Pennant_, (_Murex._)--_Buccinum_, _Fusus_, _Pl. c._, etc.; var. f. 22, _M. Metcalfei_.--Brit co. generally, 5 to 50 fath., N. and S. Eu., C. Body-whorl larger than No. 24.

23. M. COARCTATA, _Forbes._--_Pl._, _M. costata_ var., B. M.--Distribution as 21 and 22; not so common.

24. M. SEPTANGULARIS, _Mont._ (_Murex._)--_M._, _F._, and _Pl. costatus_, _heptagona_, etc.--Torbay, Bristol Channel, Forth, Galway, 5 to 30 fath., Mc.

25. M. ATTENUATA, _Mont._ (_Murex._)--_M. aciculatus_, _Pl. gracilis_, _Villiersii_, etc.--S. Devon, Oban, Hebrides, Cork, etc., Mr. S. Eu.

26. M. GRACILIS, _Mont._ (_Murex_)--_M. emarginatus_, _suturalis_, _elegans_, etc., S. Brit., Galway, S. Eu., Mr.

M. HOLBOLLII. See _Buccinum_.

ERATO.

27. E. LÆVIS, _Donovan_, (_Voluta._)--_E._, _Marginella_, _Bulla_, _Volvaria_, and _Columbella fusiformis_, _Cypræola_, _Donovani_, _Muscaria_, etc.--Brit. co. generally, 1 to 50 fath., Mc.

CYPRÆA.

28. C. EUROPÆA, _Mont._--_Cypr._ and _Trivia_, _Pediculus arctica_, _bullata_, and _diaphana_.--Brit. co. generally, 0 to 50 fath., C.

PLATE XX.

TORNATELLA.

Fig.

1. T. FASCIATA, _Lamk._--_Voluta tornatilis_, Linn., _Bulimus T._, _T. pellucida_ and _pusilla_ (young).--Brit. co. generally. N. and S. Eu.

OVULA.

2. O. PATULA, _Penn._ (_Bulla_).--Exmouth, Arran, etc., 20 fath. S. Eu. Wide aperture, Mc.

3. O. ACUMINATA, _Brug._--_Bulla_ and _Volvula a._--Loch Fyne, Lamlash, Galway, etc., R. S. Eu. Narrow, pointed.

CYLICHNA.

4. C. CYLINDRACEA, _Penn._ (_Bulla._)--_Bullina_ and _Volvaria c._, _oliva_, and _umbilicata_.--Brit. co. generally, C. N. and S. Eu.

5. C. OBTUSA, _Montagu_ (_Bulla_).--_Utriculus_, _B._ and _C. Jerviscensis_ and _discors_.--Brit. co. generally, C.

6. C. MAMILLATA, _Philippi._--_Bulla_ and _Tornatina m._ and _truncatula_.--Exm., Skye, Galway, etc., Mc. S. Eu. Spire sunk, apex mamillated.

7. C. TRUNCATA, _Adams_, (_Bulla._)--_B. truncatula_, _retusa_, _semisulcata_.--Brit. co. generally, C. N. and S. Eu.

8. C. NITIDULA, _Lovén._--_C._ and _Bulla n._ and _umbilicata_.--Skye, Loch Fyne, etc., R. N. Eu. Elongated, oval.

9. C. CONULUS, _Desh._--Zetland, Rr. Conical.

10. C. STRIGILLA, _Lovén._--_C._, _Bulla_, and _Atys s._ and _ovulata_.--Scotland, Mr. Spirally striated.

11. C. UMBILICATA, _Mont._ (_Bulla_).--_Bullina_ and _Volvaria u._ and _subcylindrica_.--Brit. co. gen., Mc. With umbilicated apex.

12, 13. C. LAJONKAIREANA, _Basterot_, (_Bulla._)--Guernsey, R. Narrower, and with more raised spire than _C. obtusa_.

AMPHISPIRA.

14. A. HYALINA, _Turt._ (_Bulla._)--_A. diaphana_ and _Utriculus pellucidus_, _minutus_, and _candidus_.--Scarborough, Weymouth, Cork, etc. Littoral, Mc. N. Eu. Rather square.

15. A. GLOBOSA, _Jeffreys_, _Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1859._--Skye.

AKERA.

16. A. BULLATA, _Müller._--_Bulla Akera_, _B. norvegica_, _B. resiliens_, _fragilis_, _flexilis_, _Hanleyi_.--Southampton, Zetland, Galway, etc. Littoral, Mc. N. and S. Eu.

BULLA.

17. B. CRANCHII, _Leach._--_B. punctura_ and _striata_.--Brit. co. gen. Devon, Aberdeen, Cork, etc., 50 to 100 fath., Mr. Spirally puncto-striated.

18. B. CORNEA, _Lamk._--_B. hydatis_ (as of _Linn._), _B. navicula_, _B. ampulla_, _Haminea hydatis_.--South Brit. co., 0 to 50 fath., C. S. Eu. Broad, thin.

19. B. HYDATIS, _Linn._--_Haminea elegans._--Guernsey and Mediterranean. Narrower and more solid than _B. cornea_.

PHILINE.

20. P. APERTA, _Linn._--_P. Bulla_, _Bullæa_, and _Lobaria a._, _quadripartita_, _quadrilobata_, and _Planciana_.--Brit. co. gen., C. S. Eu. Large, smooth.

21. P. SCABRA, _Müller._--_Bulla_ and _Scaphander scabra_, _pectinata_, _dilatata_, and _catenulifera_.--Northumberland, Zetland, Ireland, etc., Mc., 5 to 50 fath. N. Eu. Oblong, serrated.

22. P. QUADRATA, _S. Wood._--_Bullæa_ and _P. scutulum_.--Zetland, etc., 10 to 100 fath., R. Striated.

23. P. CATENA, _Mont._--_Bulla_ and _Bullæa c._, _angustata_, and _punctata_,--Brit. co. generally, Mr., 0 to 40 fath. With chain-like sculpture.

24. P. PUNCTATA, _Clark._--_Bulla_ and _Bullæa_.--Devon, Swansea, Aberdeen, Clare. In sand, 60 fath., Mc. With punctured sculpture.

25. P. PRUINOSA, _Clark._--_Bulla_ and _Bullæa_.--Devon, Northumb., Hebrides, etc. Mud, 20 to 70 fath. N. Eu.

SCAPHANDER.

26. S. LIGNARIUS, _Linn._ (_Bulla._)--_B. oblonga_.--Brit. co. generally. 1 to 50 fath. N. and S. Eu., C.

27. S. ZONATUS, _Turt._ (_Bulla_)--Young specimen taken at Zetland by Mr. Jeffreys, resembling older Norwegian specimens. More oval than _S. lignarius_. Spire umbilicated.

APLYSIA.

28. A. HYBRIDA, _Sowerby._--_Laplysia depilans_, _A. depilans_ and _punctata_.--Brit. co. generally. Among seaweeds, 0 to 6 fath., C.

PLEUROBRANCHUS.

29. P. MEMBRANACEUS, _Mont._ (_Lamellaria._)--Devon, Arran, Cork, etc. Low-water, Mr. Broad, flexible.

30. P. PLUMULA, _Mont._ (_Bulla._)--Guernsey, Devon, Skye, etc. Littoral, R. Narrow, less flexible.

SPIRULA.

31. S. PERONII--Once taken near Swansea, imperfect.

PLATE XXI.

LIMNÆUS. In and near fresh-water.

Fig.

1, 2. L. PEREGER, _Müller_ (_Buccinum._)--_Helix_, _Turbo_, _Bulimus_, and _L. putris_, _inflata_, _teres_, _lutea_, _limosa_, _ovata_, _vulgaris_, _marginata_, _intermedia_, _lacustris_, etc.--Springs and ponds, Cc.

3. L. STAGNALIS, _Linn._ (_Helix._)--_Buccinum_, _Turbo_, etc., _stagnalis_, _fragilis_, and _major_, etc.--Ponds, etc., not so generally as No. 1, 2, C.

4. L. PALUSTRIS, _Müller_, (_Bucc._)--_Helix_ and _L. fragilis_, _fontinalis_, _stagnalis_, etc.--Ditches, ponds, etc., C. Whorls more numerous and less rapidly enlarged than No. 3.

5. L. AURICULARIUS, _Linn._ (_Helix._)--_L._, _Helix_, _Bucc._, _Turbo_, _Bulimus a._, _patulus_, etc.--Near London, Swansea, etc., Mc. Aperture very wide, and outer lip partially reflected.

6. L. ACUTUS, _Jeffreys._--_L. auricularius_, var. B. M.--Oban, Clumber Lake, Bloomfield, Kent, R. Apex sharp and tapering; aperture smaller than No. 5.

7. L. TRUNCATULUS, _Müller_, (_Bucc._)--_H._, _B._, and _L. truncatus_, _fossarius_, _minutus_, _limosus_, etc.--Partly amphibious, generally diffused, C. Small, spire equal to body.

8. L. GLABER, _Müller_, (_Buccinum._)--_H._, _B._, and _L. octanfracta_, _peregrina_, _elongata_, _octona_, _leucostoma_, etc.--Fresh and brackish marshes, Stafford, Somerset, York, etc., R. Spire longer than aperture.

9. L. INVOLUTUS, _Harvey._--_Amphipeplea i._--Lake near Killarney, Belfast, Rr. Spire almost covered.

10. L. GLUTINOSUS, _Müller_, (_Buccinum._)--_Helix_, _Amphipeplea_, and _L._--Windermere, etc., Mr. Oval.

11. L. BURNETTI, _Alder._--Lakes in Dumfries and Breconshire. Inflated; spire flat; colour opaque-amber.

PHYSA. In and near fresh-water.

12. P. HYPNORUM, _Linn._ (_Bulla._)--_Helix_, _Physa_, _Limnæa_, and _Aplexa turrita_ and _marmorata_. Pools and lakes, Brit. generally, C.

13. P. FONTINALIS, _Linn._ (_Bulla._)--_Turbo_, _Planorbis_, _Bulimus_, and _Ph. adversus_, _bulla_, _bulloides_, and _fluviatilis_.--Brit. pools, lakes, and ditches, C.

ANCYLUS. In fresh-water.

14, 15. A. FLUVIATILIS, _Müller._--_Patella lacustris._--Running streams, on stones and plants generally, C. Oval, apex turned to left.

16, 17. A. OBLONGUS, _Lightfoot_, (_Patella._)--_A._ and _P. lacustris_. More lacustrine than No. 14, Mc. Oblong, apex turned to right.

PLANORBIS. In fresh-water.

18. P. CORNEUS, _Linn._ (_Helix._)--_P._ and _H. cornu-arietis_, _purpureus_, and _similis_, _P. nana_ (young).--Ponds and ditches generally, C.

19. P. ALBUS, _Müller._--_Helix_ and _P. hispidus_, _hirsutus_.--Distribution general, C. Finely ciliated in lines.

20. P. GLABER, _Jeffreys._--_P. lævis_, Alder.--Penzance, Falmouth, Swansea, Belfast, etc., Mr.

21. P. NAUTILEUS, _Linn._ (_Helix._)--_P. imbricatus_, Müller; _P. cristatus_, _Turbo nautileus_, etc., Mc. With horny ridges.

22. P. CONTORTUS, _Linn._ (_Helix._)--_P._and _H. crassa_, _umbilicata_.--Distribution general, C. Numerous close whorls; aperture semi-lunar.

23. P. CARINATUS, _Müller._--_Helix Planorbis_, Linn.; _P. planata_ and _lutescens_.--Generally distr., C. Whorls more rapidly increased than No. 24; keel more distinct.

24. P. MARGINATUS, _Drap._--_H. Planorbis_, _H._, _P. limbata_, _complanata_, _Draparnaldi turgidus_, _rhombeus_, etc.--Distr. gen., C. Whorls more rhomboidal than 23.

25. P. VORTEX, _Linn._ (_Helix._)--_Pl. compressa_.--Distr. gen., C. Many whorls, very compressed.

26. P. SPIRORBIS, _Linn._ (_Helix._)--_P. vortex_, var.--Distr. general, C. Fewer whorls than No. 25; mouth not angular.

27. P. NITIDUS, _Müller._--_Helix_ and _P. fontanus_, _complanatus_, and _lenticularis_.--Most parts of Brit., Mc. Very compressed.

28. P. LACUSTRIS, _Lightfoot._--_P. nitidus_, var., _Segmentina lineata_, _P. nautileus_ and _clausulatus_.--Ponds and ditches near London, etc., Mc. With internal divisions; lower disc flat.

PLATE XXII.

SUCCINEA. Amphibious.

Fig.

1. S. PUTRIS, _Linn._ (_Helix._)--_H._, _S._, and _Limnæa Succinea_ and _amphibia_.--On plants by the side of rivers, ditches, etc., C. Rather oval in form.

2. S. GRACILIS, _Alder._--_S. putris_, var. _gracilis_, _S. amphibia_, var. _Pfeifferi_.--By sides of streams and in damp meadows, C. Elongated, with spire produced.

3. S. OBLONGA, _Drap._--_Helix elongata_, _Amphibulina o._ and _e._--Swansea, Glasgow, etc. Sometimes at a distance from water, R. Spire with more distinct whorls.

CONOVULUS. Partly marine, amphibious.

4. C. BIDENTATUS, _Mont._ (_Voluta._)--_C._, _N._, _Actæon_, and _Auricula alba_ (var.) and _erosa_.--Salt-water marshes, and on rocks near high-water mark all round our coasts, C. No tooth on outer lip.

5. C. MYSOTIS, _Drap._--_C. denticulatus_, var., etc.--Brackish marshes, Thames, etc., C. Outer lip with one tooth.

6. C. DENTICULATUS, _Mont._ (_Voluta._)--_C._, _V._, _Auricula_, and _Actæon ringens_, _reflexa_ (var. f. 7), _Mysotis_, and _personata_.--Numerous places, near the sea, C. Outer lip with many teeth.

7. C. REFLEXUS.--_Auricula reflexa_, _C. denticulatus_, var. _Jeffreys_.

CARYCHIUM.

8. C. MINIMUM, _Müller._--_Turbo Carychium_, _Auricula minima_.--Moist places, wet Mosses, etc. Generally distr., C.

LIMAX. Land Slug, with shell under shield.

9. L. CINEREUS _Müller._--_L. maximus_, _maculatus_, _Limacella parma_. Brit. gen., C.; Eu. Shell oval, large, thin.

10. L. AGRESTIS, _Müller._--_L. concava_ and _obliquus_.--Brit, gen., C. _Foss cr._ Shell small, oblique.

11. L. BRUNNEUS, _Drap._--_L. concava._--Under stones, etc. Shell minute, square.

12. L. FLAVUS, _Linn._--_Limacella unguiculata_ and _variegata_.--The large Cellar Slug. Shell thick, rather square.

TESTACELLA. Slug with shell on tail.

13. T. MAUGEI, _Férussac._--Clifton, Taunton, Plymouth, Swansea, etc., Mr. Large, and more square than 14.

14. T. HALIOTOIDEA, _Drap._--_T. europæa_, _T. scutulum_.--Near London. Channel Isls., etc., Mc.

VITRINA. Shell not including the whole Slug.

15. V. PELLUCIDA, _Müller_, (_Helix._)--_H. diaphana_, _Helicolimax_, _Limacina major_, etc.--Various parts of the country, under stones, etc., Mc. Eu. Very transparent.

16. V. DRAPARNALDI, _Jeffreys._--_V. oblonga_, _H. brevipes_?--Less globular than 15, R.

ZONITES. Transparent, thin-edged Snails.

17, 18. Z. CELLARIUS, _Müller_, (_Helix._)--_H._ and _Z. lucida_ and _nitens_.--Brit. gen., C.

19, 20. Z. NITIDUS, _Müller_, (_Helix._)--_H._ and _Z. nitens_, _lucida_, _tennis_, _Succinea_, etc.--Less depressed than 17, 18, with larger umbilicus.

21. Z. CRYSTALLINUS, _Müller_, (_Helix._)--_H._, _Z._, _Discus_, and _"Polita" c._, _eburnea_, _vitrea_.--In damp spots, among stones and Moss. Minute, white, transparent.

22. Z. NITIDULUS, _Drap._--Generally distributed, Mc. Mouth oblique. Umbilicus small.

23, 24. Z. ALLARIUS, _Miller_, (_Helix._)--_H._ and _Z. glabra_, _alliacea_, _nitens_, _tenera_, _lurida_, etc.--Distr. gen., C. Smaller and more convex than 17, 18.

25. Z. EXCAVATUS, _Bean_, (_Helix_)--_H._ and _G. nitida_, _lucida_, etc.--Durham, Northumberland, Galway, etc., Mc. Umbilicus very large.

26, 27. Z. RADIATULUS, _Alder_, (_Helix._)--Distr. gen., C. Striated, minute.

28, 29. Z. PURUS, _Alder_, (_Helix._)--_H._ and _Z. polita_, and _Helicella nitidosa_, _electrina_, etc.--Most common North Engl. Whorls less close and more oblique than 21.

PLATE XXIII.

HELIX. Snails with thickened lips.

Fig.

1. H. PISANA, _Müller._--_H. zonaria_, _cingenda_, _rhodostoma_, _strigata_, _albella_.--Cornwall, S. Wales, Dublin, C. S. and N. Eu.

2. H. ASPERSA, _Müller._--_H. grisea_, _hortensis_, _variegata_, _vulgaris_, etc.--Common in all our gardens and hedges.

3. H. VIRGATA, _Costa._--_H. variabilis_, _ericetorum_, _zonaria_, etc.--In sandy and chalky places, C. More compressed than No. 1.

4. H. CANTIANA, _Mont._--_H. pallida_, etc.--South and west Engl., C.

5. H. ERICETORUM, _Müller._--_H. itala_, _striata_, _albella_, _erica_, _nivea_, _cæspita_, etc.--Chalky and sandy places, C. Depressed, delicately banded; large umbilicus.

6. H. RUFESCENS, _Pennant._--_H. rufina_, _montana_, _cælata_, _clandestina_, etc.--Most common in southern, chalky and limestone districts. Depressed, striated; whorls slightly angular. Generally lighter than our figure, sometimes nearly white.

7. H. LAPICIDA, _Linn._--_H. acuta_, _affinis_, _Carocolla l._--Chalk and limestone districts, C. S. and N. Eu. Sharply angular.

8, 9. H. HISPIDA, _Linn._--_H. rufescens_, _sericea_, _concinna_ (var. without hairs), etc., _plebeia_.--All parts of Brit., C. More depressed than _H. sericea_, with larger umbilicus.

10. H. FUSCA, _Mont._--_H. subrufescens._--Brit. gen., Mc.

11. H. SERICEA, _Drap._--_H. hispida_, _globularis_, _granulata_, etc.--Granulated, hairy. Mouth wider than 8. Small umbilicus.

12. H. OBVOLUTA, _Müller._--_H. trigonophora_, etc.--Ditcham Wood, Hampshire. In Moss at roots of trees, Rr.

13. H. FULVA, _Müller._--_H. terrestris_, _trochiformis_, _nitidula_, etc.--Pretty general and common. Conical, minute, transparent.

14. H. POMATIA, _Linn._--Southern chalky districts, S. Eu., C.