Part 1

Produced by Louise Hope, Carlo Traverso and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr)

[Transcriber's Note: Punctuation in catalog entries has been silently regularized. Other errors are noted at the end of the text. Letters that could not be displayed in 7-bit ASCII have been "unpacked" and shown between brackets: [-a] [-E] [-e] [-I] [-o] [-u] vowel with macron [)e] [)i] [)o] vowel with breve [ae] a with umlaut ' accented syllable Simplified names: Zuni, Canon (tilde omitted) Santa Fe (accent on "e" omitted) Figures with captions in CAPITALS were printed in color.]

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION--BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTIONS OBTAINED FROM THE INDIANS OF NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA IN 1879.

BY

JAMES STEVENSON.

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NOTE.

The following catalogue of the collections made during 1879 was prepared for the First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, but owing to want of space was not included in that volume. Before the necessity of this action was made apparent the matter had been stereotyped and it was impossible to change the figure numbers, etc. This will explain the seeming irregularity in the numbering of the figures--the first one of this paper following the last one of the above-mentioned report. The second catalogue, that of the collection of 1880, also included in this volume, has been made to correspond with the first, the figure numbers following in regular order.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

WASHINGTON, _January 3, 1881_.

SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith an illustrated catalogue exhibiting in part the results of the ethnologic and archaeologic explorations made under your direction in New Mexico and Arizona during the summer of 1879.

As you are already familiar with the mode of travel and the labor necessary in making such investigations and explorations, as well as the incidents common to such undertakings, and as I do not consider them of any special interest or value to the catalogue, I have omitted such details.

I beg, however, in this connection, to refer to the services of Messrs. F. H. Cushing, ethnologist of the Smithsonian Institution, and J. K. Hillers, photographic artist of the Bureau of Ethnology, both of whom accompanied me on the expedition.

Mr. Cushing's duties were performed with intelligence and zeal throughout. After the field-work of the season was completed he remained with the Indians for the purpose of studying the habits, customs, manners, political and religious organizations, and language of the people; also to explore the ancient caves of that region. His inquiries will prove of the utmost interest and importance to science. Mr. Hillers labored with equal zeal and energy. His work is of the greatest value in illustrating some of the most interesting features of our investigations. He made a large series of negatives depicting nearly every feature of the Pueblo villages and their inhabitants. The beauty and perfection of the photographs themselves fully attest the value and importance of his work.

I would extend most cordial thanks to General Sherman for the special interest he manifested in our work, and for directions given by him to the officers of the Army serving in the West to assist us in carrying out the objects of the expedition; and to the officers who so cordially rendered such aid.

To General Edward Hatch, commanding the district of New Mexico, we are indebted for valuable information and material assistance, which were liberally granted, and to which in great part our success was due. The party also received valuable aid from Gen. George P. Buell, U.S.A., who was in command at Fort Wingate during our work at Zuni, for which I am pleased to extend thanks. The large number and variety of objects collected by the members of the expedition, and the many difficulties incident to such undertakings, as well as the limited time devoted to the preparation of the catalogue, will account for any imperfections it may contain.

Hoping, however, that, notwithstanding these, it may serve useful ends in the continuation of such work,

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

JAMES STEVENSON.

Prof. J. W. POWELL,

_Director Bureau of Ethnology_.

CONTENTS.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 311 INTRODUCTION 319 Articles of stone 320 Articles of clay 322 Vegetal substances 334 Collection from Zuni 337 Articles of stone 337 Axes, hammers, and mauls 337 Metates, or grain-grinders, and pestles 340 Mortars, pestles, etc 340 Miscellaneous objects 342 Articles of clay 343 Water vases 343 Water jugs and jars 347 Jugs of fanciful forms 349 Pitchers 349 Cups or cup-shaped vessels 350 Eating bowls 350 Cooking vessels 358 Ladles 360 Baskets 360 Paint cups 362 Condiment cups 363 Effigies 364 Statuettes 366 Clays and pigments 367 Vegetal substances 368 Basketry 368 Pads 369 Domestic implements, toys, etc 370 Foods 372 Medicines and dyes 372 Animal substances 373 Horn and bone 373 Skin 373 Woven fabrics 373 Collection from Wolpi 375 Articles of stone 375 Axes, hammers, etc 375 Metates, or grain-grinders, and pestles 376 Mortars, pestles, etc 377 Miscellaneous objects 377 Articles of clay 378 Water vases 378 Water jugs and jars 379 Toy-like water vessels 381 Cups 382 Eating bowls 382 Cooking vessels 385 Toy-like vessels 385 Ladles 385 Miscellaneous 387 Statuettes 387 Vegetal substances 389 Basketry 389 Domestic implements, toys, etc 391 Ornamental objects 393 Statuettes 395 Animal substances 396 Horn and bone 396 Skin 397 Woven fabrics 398 Collection from Laguna 399 Articles of clay 399 Water vases 399 Water jugs and jars 401 Pitchers 401 Effigies 402 Eating bowls 403 Collection from Acoma 404 Articles of clay 404 Water vases 404 Pitchers 405 Eating bowls 405 Collection from Cochiti 405 Articles of clay 405 Water vessels 405 Eating bowls 408 Ornaments, effigies, and toys 408 Collection from Santo Domingo 409 Articles of Clay 409 Water vessels 409 Collection from Tesuke 410 Articles of stone 410 Metates, mortars, etc 410 Articles of clay 410 Water vases 410 Water jugs and jars 413 Pitchers 413 Eating bowls 413 Cooking vessels 414 Toys 414 Vegetal substances 414 Medicines 414 Collection from Santa Clara 415 Articles of clay 415 Water vases 415 Eating bowls 415 Cooking vessels 416 Effigies 416 Collection from San Juan 416 Articles of clay 416 Eating bowls 416 Collection from Jemez 417 Articles of clay 417 Collection from the Jicarilla Apaches 417 Articles of clay 417 Collection from Old Pecos 418 Articles of stone 418 Articles of clay 418 Articles of wood 419 Collection from the Canon de Chelly 419 Articles of clay 419 Water vessels 419 Bowls 420 Cooking vessels 420 Collection from Pictograph Rocks 420 Articles of clay 420 Collection from other localities 421 Articles of clay 421 Miscellaneous 421 Statuettes 421

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Figs. 347-352. Zuni grooved axes 338 Fig. 353. Zuni mortar and pestle 340 Fig. 354. Zuni crucible 340 Fig. 355. Zuni skinning-knife 340 Fig. 356. Zuni sandstone mold 340 Fig. 357. Zuni spear-head 340 Fig. 358. Zuni mortar and pestle 340 Figs. 359-360. Zuni water vases 342 Figs. 361-362. Zuni water vases 343 Figs. 363-364. Zuni water vases 344 Figs. 365-366. Zuni water vases 344 Figs. 367-368. Zuni water vases 344 Figs. 369-370. Zuni water vases 344 Figs. 371-372. Zuni water vases 345 Figs. 373-374. Zuni water vases 345 Figs. 375-378. Zuni water vases 346 Fig. 379. Zuni canteen 347 Fig. 380. Zuni eating bowl 347 Fig. 381. Zuni water vase 347 Fig. 382. Zuni eating bowl 347 Figs. 383-384. Zuni water vases 347 Figs. 385-387. Zuni canteens 348 Figs. 388-391. Zuni canteens 348 Figs. 392-394. Zuni canteens 349 Figs. 395-397. Zuni canteens 349 Fig. 398. Zuni canteen 350 Fig. 399. Zuni water vase 350 Fig. 400. Zuni canteen 350 Fig. 401. Zuni eating bowl 350 Fig. 402. Zuni canteen 350 Figs. 403-406. Zuni water pitchers 350 Fig. 407. Zuni water pitcher 350 Figs. 408-409. Zuni cups 350 Figs. 410-412. Zuni eating bowls 350 Figs. 413-415. Zuni eating bowls 352 Figs. 416-418. Zuni eating bowls 354 Figs. 419-421. Zuni eating bowls 356 Figs. 422-424. Zuni eating bowls 356 Figs. 425-427. Zuni eating bowls 357 Figs. 428-430. Zuni eating bowls 358 Figs. 431-436. Zuni cooking vessels 359 Figs. 437-441. Zuni ladles 360 Figs. 442-447. Zuni clay baskets 361 Figs. 448-453. Zuni clay baskets 361 Figs. 454-457. Zuni paint cups 364 Figs. 458-459. Zuni condiment cups 364 Figs. 460-461. Zuni effigies 365 Figs. 462-463. Zuni effigies 365 Figs. 464-467. Zuni effigies 365 Figs. 468-469. Zuni effigies 365 Figs. 470-471. Zuni effigies 365 Figs. 472-476. Zuni effigies 366 Figs. 477-480. Zuni effigies 366 Figs. 481-483. Zuni moccasins 367 Figs. 484-485. Zuni basketry 370 Fig. 486. Zuni pad 370 Fig. 487. Zuni toy cradle 370 Fig. 488. Zuni basketry 370 Fig. 489. Zuni toy cradle 370 Fig. 490. Zuni ladle 370 Fig. 491. Zuni war-club 372 Figs. 492-493. Zuni dance ornaments 372 Fig. 494. Zuni rotary drill 372 Fig. 495. Zuni wooden, spade 372 Fig. 496. Zuni wooden digger 372 Fig. 497. Zuni rattle 371 Fig. 498. Zuni rattle 373 Fig. 499. Zuni hopple 373 Figs. 500-502. Zuni woven sashes 373 Fig. 503. Zuni head dress 374 Figs. 504-507. Wolpi axes 375 Fig. 508. Wolpi metate 375 Fig. 509. Wolpi ancient pipe 378 Fig. 510. Wolpi stone effigy 378 Fig. 511. Wolpi neck ornament 378 Figs. 512-513. Wolpi effigies 378 Fig. 514. Wolpi water vase 379 Figs. 515-516. Wolpi pots 379 Figs. 517-519. Wolpi vessels 381 Figs. 520-522. Wolpi water jars 382 Fig. 523. Wolpi eating bowl 385 Fig. 524. Wolpi cooking vessel 385 Fig. 525. Wolpi ladle 385 Figs. 526-529. Wolpi ladles 386 Fig. 530. Wolpi basket 386 Fig. 531. Wolpi basin 388 Fig. 532. Wolpi vase and bowl attached 388 Figs. 533-534. Wolpi clay statuettes 388 Figs. 535-536. Wolpi baskets 389 Figs. 537-538. Wolpi baskets 390 Fig. 539. Wolpi basket 390 Fig. 540. Wolpi floor mat 390 Figs. 541-542. Wolpi baskets 390 Figs. 543-545. Wolpi baskets 391 Fig. 546. Wolpi weaving stick 392 Fig. 547. Wolpi spindle whorl 392 Fig. 548-549. Wolpi rabbit sticks 392 Fig. 550. Wolpi rake 393 Fig. 551. Wolpi drumstick 393 Fig. 552. Wolpi treasure-box 393 Fig. 553. Wolpi dance gourd 393 Fig. 554. Wolpi treasure-box 393 Figs. 555-558. Wolpi dance ornaments 393 Fig. 559. Wolpi head-dress 394 Fig. 560. Wolpi gourd rattle 394 Fig. 561. Wolpi musical instrument 394 Fig. 562. Wolpi gourd rattle 394 Figs. 563-565. Wolpi ornaments 394 Figs. 566-569. Wolpi effigies 395 Figs. 570-572. Wolpi effigies 396 Fig. 573. Wolpi horn ladle 397 Fig. 574. Wolpi horn rattle 397 Fig. 575. Wolpi perforator 397 Fig. 576. Wolpi arrow straightener 397 Fig. 577. Wolpi wristlet 398 Fig. 578. Wolpi moccasin 398 Fig. 579. Wolpi wristlet 398 Fig. 580. Wolpi riding whip 398 Fig. 581. Wolpi drum 399 Figs. 582-583. Wolpi blanket 399 Fig. 584. Wolpi anklets 399 Figs. 585-587. Laguna water vases 400 Figs. 588-591. Laguna water vases 400 Fig. 592. Laguna water pitcher 400 Figs. 593-596. Laguna water jars 401 Figs. 597-600. Laguna effigies 402 Figs. 601-604. Laguna effigies 402 Figs. 605-609. Laguna effigies 402 Figs. 610-612. Laguna water vases 403 Figs. 613-615. Laguna eating bowls 403 Figs. 616-617. Laguna eating bowls 403 Figs. 618-619. Acoma water vases 404 Figs. 620-622. Acoma water vases 404 Figs. 623-624. Cochiti water vessels 406 Figs. 625-626. Cochiti water vessels 406 Figs. 627-628. Cochiti water vessels 406 Figs. 629-630. Cochiti water vessels 407 Figs. 631-632. Cochiti water vessels 407 Figs. 633-634. Cochiti water vessels 407 Figs. 635-636. Cochiti water vessels 407 Figs. 637-638. Cochiti water vessels 408 Figs. 639-640. Cochiti water vessels 408 Figs. 641-642. Cochiti water vessels 408 Figs. 643-644. Cochiti water vessels 408 Figs. 645-647. Cochiti effigies 409 Figs. 648-649. Santo Domingo drinking vessels 410 Fig. 650. Tesuke mortar and pestle 410 Figs. 651-652. Tesuke water vases 412 Figs. 653-654. Tesuke water vases 412 Fig. 655. Tesuke water jar 414 Fig. 656. Tesuke effigy 414 Fig. 657. Tesuke cooking vessel 414 Fig. 658. Tesuke effigy 414 Fig. 659. Tesuke cooking vessel 414 Figs. 660-662. Santa Clara water vases 416 Figs. 663-664. Santa Clara eating bowls 416 Figs. 665-666. Santa Clara effigies 416 Fig. 667. Santa Clara eating bowl 416 Fig. 668. Santa Clara platter 416 Fig. 669. Santa Clara eating bowl 416 Figs. 670-672. Santa Clara water jars 416 Figs. 673-675. San Juan eating bowls 416 Fig. 676. Jemez water vessel 417 Figs. 677-680. Water vessels from Canon De Chelly 418 Figs. 681-683. Water vessels from Canon De Chelly 420 Figs. 684-686. Bowls from Canon De Chelly 420 Figs. 687-692. Pitchers from Canon De Chelly 420 Figs. 693-696. Cooking vessels from Canon De Chelly 420 Fig. 697. Corrugated vessel from Pictograph rocks 420 Map showing location of the pueblos of Arizona and New Mexico 319

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ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTIONS OBTAINED FROM THE INDIANS OF NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA IN 1879.

By JAMES STEVENSON.

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INTRODUCTION

It is not my intention in the present paper--which is simply what it purports to be, a _catalogue_--to attempt any discussion of the habits, customs, or domestic life of the Indian tribes from whom the articles were obtained; nor to enter upon a general comparison of the pottery and other objects with articles of a like character of other, nations or tribes. Occasionally attention may be called to striking resemblances between certain articles and those of other countries, where such comparison will aid in illustrating form or character.

The collection contains two thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight specimens. Although it consists very largely of vessels and other articles of pottery, yet it embraces almost every object necessary to illustrate the domestic life and art of the tribes from whom the largest number of the specimens were obtained. It includes, in addition to pottery, implements of war and hunting, articles used in domestic manufactures, articles of clothing and personal adornment, basketry, trappings for horses, images, toys, stone implements, musical instruments, and those used in games and religious ceremonies, woven fabrics, foods prepared and unprepared, paints for decorating pottery and other objects, earths of which their pottery is manufactured, mineral pigments, medicines, vegetable dyestuffs, &c. But the chief value of the collection is undoubtedly the great variety of vessels and other articles of pottery which it contains. In this respect it is perhaps the most complete that has been made from the pueblos. Quite a number of articles of this group may perhaps be properly classed as "ancient," and were obtained more or less uninjured; but by far the larger portion are of modern manufacture.

ARTICLES OF STONE.

These consist of pestles and mortars for grinding pigments; circular mortars, in which certain articles of food are bruised or ground; _metates_, or stones used for grinding wheat and corn; axes, hatchets, celts, mauls, scrapers &c.