Chapter 6

509. (39998). Inner surface with reversed elks; outer with oblique lines, with each side serrate.

510. (40007). Inner surface with serrate band and birds; outer with serrate band.

511. (40213). Elk and scrolls internally; an outer scalloped band.

512. (40215). Resembles No. 501.

513. (40219). The decorations on this bowl are unusual; those of the inner surface consist of a slender crenate marginal band, and below this a woman holding a child and apparently closely wrapped in a robe of some kind and placed transversely; the outer margin is marked with a broad band of crosses regularly spaced by perpendicular lines.

The following numbers belong to the type represented in Figs. 356, 411, and 412:

514-520. 514, (39979); 515, (40220); 516, (40221); 517, (40243); 518, (40274); 519, (40493); 520, (40523), inner marginal band consists of scrolls and triangles.

521. (40227). Inner marginal band broad and divided into diamond spaces; outer surface ornamented with figures similar to those on vase represented by Fig. 372.

522. (40230). Although classed with the bowls this is shaped somewhat like the paint pots; outer and inner bands.

523. (40247). Resembles No. 504.

524. (40254). Two broad undulate lines on the external surface; inner surface with blocks and scrolls.

525. (40256). Inside with crenate marginal lines, and circular space and triangles as in Fig. 359. External surface with a simple scalloped band.

526. (40264). External surface as in the preceding; internal scrolls and triangles.

527-533. 527, (40267); 528, (40269); 529, (40487); 530, (40495); 531, (40509); 532, (40529); 533, (40531). The decorations on these specimens belong to the same general type as those of No. 526.

534. (40271). Mug-shaped with flat bottom; outer surface marked with five scalloped bands; inner with scrolls.

535. (40279). Outer surface with triangular figures; inner with a scalloped marginal band and a similar band below.

536. (40482). Similar in form to No. 534. Outer and inner decorations consist almost entirely of triangles.

537. (40483). Without bands; interior, scrolls; exterior, geometrical figures.

538. (40488). This belongs to the type represented by Fig. 411; rosette on the inner surface.

539. (40491). Similar in form and decorations to No. 534.

540. (40496). Form like the preceding; inner face decorated with stars; outer with the usual triangular figures.

541. (40497). Flat, finger-bowl shaped, single scalloped band externally; scrolls and circular figures internally.

542. (40502). Double band of triangles externally; internally zigzag lines precisely like those in Fig. 371.

543. (40538). Inner serrate marginal band and radiating scrolls; no external decorations.

544. (40540). Central flower internally; a single serrate band externally.

545. (40980). Pan-shaped; inner surface marked with geometrical figures; outer without decorations.

546, 547. 546, (40988); 547, (40993). Without external ornamentation, marked with zigzag inner marginal line, central scroll, and triangular devices.

548. (40991). Oblique serrate lines externally; zigzag inner marginal line.

549. (40992). No external decorations; inner marginal line crenate; central flower.

Brown, red, or yellow ware. Usually without ornamentation.

550. (39907). Small rosettes or flowers on inner surface.

The following numbers are without ornamentation of any kind:

551-572. 551, (39968); 552, (40003); 553, (40207); 554, (40214); 555, (40226); 556, (40235); 557, (40244); 558, (40257); 559, (40276); 560, (40277); 561, (40278); 562, (40280); 563, (40281); 564, (40494); 565, (40526); 566, (40528); 567, (40534); 568, (40543); 569, (40544); 570, (40982); 571, (40984); 572, (40989).

The following have slight decorations; wherever the band is mentioned it is to be understood as marginal unless otherwise specified:

573. (39974). Narrow external band.

574. (39981). Floral figure on inner surface.

575. (39995). Triangles externally; narrow sub-marginal band internally.

576. (40206). Outline leaf-like figures on inner face.

577. (40222). Inner crenate band and cross lines.

578. (40229). Slender bands and scrolls.

579. (40288). Inner band of geometrical figures.

580. (40550). With slender outer band.

581. (40980). Inner zigzag band and triangular figures.

582. (40983). Inner central white flower.

583. (40990). Inner band of scrolls.

The larger forms, following, are called _[-I]'-t[)o]n-[ae]-ka-sah-le_.

584. (40041). Represented in Fig. 413. The broad checkered band on the inner margin forms the distinguishing characteristic. The following are similarly decorated:

585, 586. 585, (40010); 586, (40167).

587. (40033). As closely resembling the preceding, I introduce here a variety with a latticed marginal band shown in Fig. 414.

The following specimens belong to the same variety, the chief differences, being the inner central figures:

588. (40164). Fig. 415.

589. (40177). Do.

590. (40181). This specimen has no ornamentation except the band.

591. (40296). Fig. 416. This varies in having the figures of birds with wings spread and of elks on the inner surface below the marginal line. These are but partially shown in the figure.

592, 593. 592, (40965) and 593 (40955) belong to the same variety, but their inner decorations resemble more closely those represented in Fig. 415.

594. (40493). Fig. 417. The decorations on this piece belong to the very common variety shown in Figs. 356, 411, and 412.

595-600. To this type belong the following numbers: 595, (40008); 596, (40009); 597, (40012); 598, (40013); 599, (40020); 600, (40021), this varies in having no ornamentation on the outer surface.

601-608. 601, (40176), shown in Fig. 418; 602, (40031); 603, (40038); 604, (40043); 605, (40046); 606, (40047); 607, (40050); 608, (40052)

609-628. 609, (40151); 610, (40152); 611, (40163); 612, (40168); 613, (40170); 614, (40171); 615, (40175); 616, (40185); 617, (40186); 618, (40188); 619, (40189), Fig. 419; 620, (40191); 621, (40193); 622, (40194); 623, (40195); 624, (40196); 625, (40197); 626, (40199); 627, (40200); 628, (40293), this piece is properly a bread bowl, _M[-o]'-tsin-i-k[-a]-s[ae]-le_.

629-638. 629, (40295); 630, (40297); 631, (40298); 632, (40310); 633, (40305); 634, (40306); 635, (40308); 636, (40309); 637, (40930); 638, (40931), shown in Fig. 420. I would call attention here to the strong similarity of the inner decorations of this bowl with those on the body of the vase represented in Fig. 359. This is properly a bread bowl.

639-646. 639, (40938); 640, (40957); 641, (40958); 642, (40967); 643, (40971); 644, (40974); 645, (40975); 646, (41171), Fig. 421.

The following specimens have the same external decorations as those represented in Figs. 413-421, but differ in regard to the figures on the inner surface.

647. (40014). Fig. 422. The cut fails to show the figures of the elk placed among the scroll ornaments.

648, 649. 648, (40023); 649, (40026).

650-658. 650, (40028), shown in Fig. 423; 651, (40035); 652, (40042); 653, (40045); 654, (40049); 655, (40051), these two are bread bowls; 656, (40153); 657, (40156); 658, (40178).

659-663. 659, (40183); 660, (40198); 661, (40202); 662, (40927), Fig. 424; and 663, (40932), Fig. 425.

664-669. 664, (40951); 665, (40952); 666, (40960); 667, (40976); 668, (40977); and 669, (40016), may be grouped together, as strongly resembling each other in regard to their inner decorations.

670. (40027). Inner marginal band with diamond spaces and colored triangles, scrolls, and small rosettes or flowers below.

671. (40030). No inner band; geometrical figures.

672. (40035). Narrow simple marginal band; elk and scrolls.

673. (40179), Fig. 426. Each of the following specimens has a similar marginal band, but the inner central figures differ.

674-682. 674, (40037); 675, (40044); 676, (40187); 677, (40300); 678, (40937); 679, (40966); 680, (40969); 681, (40973); 682, (40040). Patch-work figures, resembling pieces of broken pottery.

683. (40157). Somewhat like Fig. 424, the perpendicular lines of the band being doubly scalloped.

684. (40169). Marginal band a vine with leaves and flowers; central figures similar to those on vase shown in Fig. 371.

685. (40182). No inner band; scroll figures.

686. (40190). No inner band; elks and geometrical figures.

687. (40201). Marginal band with triple lines similar to those in Fig. 424.

688. (40290). Shown in Fig. 427.

689. (40292). Marginal band similar to that on Fig. 427; scroll figures in central portion.

690. (40294). Fig. 430. In this the outer decoration varies in having the elongate triangle or lance point double, and the inner in having the figure of a mule or donkey.

691. (40304). No marginal band; scroll figures.

692. (40302). Fig. 429.

693. (40486). A broad bowl; inner marginal band, the upper portion of which has a line of diamond spaces. The under side of the oblique line on the outer surface is bordered with scrolls as in Fig. 375. This is a very large specimen, being eighteen inches in diameter. See Fig. 401.

694. (40928). Inner surface marked with geometrical figures.

695. (40970). No figures on the inner surface.

696. (40972). Inner decorations as in Fig. 419.

697. (40017). No outer decorations; inner surface with marginal band and large white cross; remainder brown.

698. (40015). Outer and inner faces marked with triangles and slender leaves.

699. (40024). Outer scalloped band, scroll figures internally.

700. (40022). Outer surface with scalloped band and large oblique diamonds; inner with double scalloped band and scrolls.

701, 702. 701, (40158); 702, (40159). Outer face without decorations; inner with large vermiform figures.

703. (40166). Both faces with oblique lines of scrolls.

704. (40192). Stems and leaves externally and internally.

705. (40195), Interior decorations profuse; scrolls, and diamond-shaped figures.

706. (40934). Four scalloped bands on outer face; scroll figures on inner surface.

707. (40935). No outer decorations; inside marked with a marginal band of dots and lines; central scrolls.

708. (40939). Both surfaces with geometrical figures.

709. (40950). Marked externally with double lance points; internally with scrolls.

710. (39954). Shown in Fig. 428. Here we see the head of the grotesque bird reduced to a simple scroll.

Brown or yellow ware. Decorations in black or red, without external ornamentation unless otherwise stated.

711-713. 711, (40011); 712. (40936); 713, (40962). Four large leaves forming a cross.

714. (40018). Broad external band of horizontal and oblique dotted lines. No figures on the inner surface.

715. (40032). External scalloped band; reversed pyramids or pueblos internally.

716. (40039). Broad marginal band of half pyramids, alternately reversed.

717. (40048). White vermiform figures.

718, 719. 718, (40154); 719, (40184). These are similarly marked, the margin in both being also white.

The following specimens are without decorations of any kind:

720-733. 720, (40019); 721, (40036); 722, (40160); 723, (40162); 724, (40165); 725, (40180); 726, (40307); 727, (40929); 728, (40953); 729, (40954); 730, (40959); 731, (40962); 732, (40963); 733, (40968).

734. (40155). Patch-work.

735. (40172). Four serrate or scalloped bands on outer face. Similar inner marginal band in outline; and outline pyramidal figures.

736. (40174). Outline pyramidal figures.

737-739. 737, (40173); 738, (40289); 739, (40964). Marginal band of double outline scrolls.

740. (39618). Brown ware with decorations in black. Colored Fig. 380.

741. (39592). Brown ware with decorations in black. Colored Fig. 382.

_COOKING VESSELS._

These vessels are generally of medium size, though in some instances the dimensions vary exceedingly. Those used in cooking for feasts are quite large, sometimes with a capacity of about ten gallons; the smallest, designed only for family use, are less than four inches in diameter and not quite three inches high. They are of two general forms, one similar to the ordinary pots used on cooking stoves, the other bowl-shaped. Two specimens in the collection are provided with legs; to these the Zunians apply the name _s[ae]-m[-u] y[)e]n-s[ae]-qui-p[ae]_. See Fig. 432. As a general rule, the rims of these vessels are flared, and on some of them, close to the rim on the outside, are ear-like projections, which are probably intended as catches by which, with pokers or sticks, they can be removed from or arranged in position on the fire. They are never ornamented, and have no coloring other than that which is acquired in baking. These vessels are used in cooking such foods as contain liquids. Three names are applied to cooking pots, having reference to size, viz.: _p[ae]h-t[-e]h-le_ is the large cylindrical pot; the smaller pot of the same form is _p[ae]h-t[-e]hl-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_; and _w[-a]h-li-[ae]h-k[ae]-t[-e]hl-le_ is the common cooking pot. The Olla or bowl-shaped pot, Fig. 433, is called _s[ae]-m[-u]-y[-e]n_.

The following numbers belong to the _p[ae]h-t[-e]hl-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_ group and present no variations worthy of special notice.

742, 743. 742, (41113). Fig. 436; 743, (41114), Fig. 433. These illustrations represent a form and have the appearance of the so-called ancient ware; the latter specimen bears the impress of the grass which was produced in the baking process.

744. (40865). Fig. 435. Cooking pot.

The following numbers represent specimens of cooking pots of varying sizes, though generally small and of the form of No. 744, though some few present the appearance of bowls:

745-766. 745, (41115); 746, (41116); 747, (41117); 748, (41118); 749, (41119); 750, (41120); 751, (41121); 752, (41122); 753, (41123); 754, (41124); 755, (41125); 756, (41126); 757, (41127); 758, (41128); 759, (41129); 760, (41130); 761, (41131); 762, (41132); 763, (41137); 764, (41138); 765, (41140); 766, (41141).

The following belong to the _s[ae]-m[-u]-y[)e]n_ bowls:

767-804. 767, (41055); 768, (41056); 769, (41057); 770, (41058); 771, (41059); 772, (41060); 773, (41061); 774, (41062); 775, (41063); 776, (41064); 777, (41065); 778, (41066); 779, (41067); 780, (41068); 781, (41069); 782, (41070); 783, (41071); 784, (41072); 785, (41073); 786, (41074); 787, (41075); 788, (41076); 789, (41077); 790, (41078); 791, (41079); 792, (41080); 793, (41081); 794, (41082); 795, (41083); 796, (41084); 797, (41085); 798, (41086); 799, (41087); 800, (41088); 801, (41089); 802, (41090); 803, (41091); 804, (41092), shown in Fig. 434.

805-826. 805, (41093); 806, (41094); 807, (41095); 808, (41096); 809, (41097); 810, (41098); 811, (41099); 812, (41100); 813, (41101); 814, (41102); 815, (41103); 816, (41104); 817, (41106); 818, (41107); 819, (41108); 820, (41109); 821, (41110); 822, (41111); 823, (41112); 824, (41133); 825, (41139); 826, (41143). This is an unburnt specimen of unusual form, resembling in this respect a sugar bowl, its margin and sides undulated.

827, 828. 827, (40853), bowl-shaped with conical bottom; 828, (41053), Fig. 432, pot-shaped, but with four legs.

829, 830. 829, (41134); 830, (41135), are really pitchers, as will be seen by reference to Fig. 431, which represents the latter, but they appear to be made for cooking purposes, as they are designated by the name _s[ae]-m[-u]-y[)e]n_.

_LADLES._

Called by the Zunians _sa-sho-k[)o]n-ne_. These are of two forms, one resembling somewhat an oyster-shell, the other with a handle resembling a spoon. The forms and decorations are shown in the figures. They are of white ware usually with figures on the inner surface, and of red ware without ornamentation. They vary in size from eight inches in length and five inches across the bowl to four and a half and two and a half inches.

831-839. 831, (39884); 832, (39894), Fig. 438; 833, (40430); 834, (40431); 835, (40432), flower in the bowl; 836, (40433); 837, (40460); 838, (40461); 839, (41254). With handles.

840-841. 840, (39895); 841, (39896), figures of elks in the bowl. Without handles.

842. (39929).

843, 844. 843, (40408) scrolls; 844, (40417), Fig. 440.

845, 846. 845, (40418); 846, (40419), this has a pretty marginal band, and the figure of a slender bird in the bowl.

847-851. 847, (40420); 848, (40421); 849, (40422), Fig. 439; 450, (40423); 451, (40424), resembles Fig. 440.

852-868. 852, (40425); 853, (40427); 854, (40428); 855, (40429); 856, (40434); 857, (40435); 858, (40437); 859, (40438); 860, (40439); 861, (40441); 862, (40442); 863, (40459); 864, (40462); 865, (40463); 866, (40675); 867, (40677); 868, (40678), Fig. 441.

869, 870. 869, (40679); 870, (40875), Fig. 437.

_BASKETS._

Called by the Zunians, _[-a]h-w[-e]hl-wi-[-a]h-p[ae]-s[-a]hl_. These vessels, which vary in size from four to eight inches in diameter and from two to five in depth, are in the form of bowls, sometimes with a handle over the top like a basket handle, sometimes without. The margin is either scalloped, as in Fig. 452, or terraced so as to resemble the section of a pyramid or pueblo, being cut in this form with a horse-hair while soft. They are always of white ware decorated with black. The margin is uniformly black, and there is often an inner and outer submarginal narrow band following the undulations or terraces. The figures most common, and in fact almost exclusively used, are those resembling tadpoles, but which, as I learned, are intended to represent a small crustacean or the larva of an insect common in the water-pools and streams of the Zuni country; and the somewhat grotesque figures of the horned toad (_Phrynosoma_). These figures are placed both on the outer and inner surfaces, though the figure of the reptile is generally found on the outer.

These singular vessels are used by the Indians only in their sacred and ceremonial dances. In them is placed a small quantity of meal; they are then borne in the hands of the women, who, during the dance, take a small quantity of the meal, just as much as they can hold between the tips of the fingers, and sprinkle it on the sacred objects and on the heads of the persons leading in the ceremonies.

As the forms and decorations are correctly shown in the figures, I shall only notice those which are unusual.

Without handles; margin scalloped:

871-873. 871, (40074); 872, (40075), Fig. 443; 873, (40400), Fig. 444.

Without handles; margin terraced:

874. (40337). Figures of insects on outer surface.

875-881. 875, (40344); 876, (40364); 877, (40367); 878, (40368); 879, (40369); 880, (40370); 881, (40371), Fig. 445.

882-899. 882, (40372), Fig. 447; 883, (40373); 884, (40374); 885, (40375); 886, (40376); 887, (40377), Fig. 446; 888, (40378); 889, (40380); 890, (40381); 891, (40382); 892, (40383); 893, (40384); 894, (40385); 895, (40392); 896, (40393); 897, (40394); 898, (40396); 899, (40803), this specimen, which is but slightly burnt, is more globular in form than usual, and has mounted on each pyramid a small image, one human, one of a dog or fox, one of a chicken, and the other probably intended for a bird. This is really not a meal basket, but is carried in the dance for rain, and bears the name _tkh[ae]-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-le_.

900-902. 900, (41014); 901, (41015), this has in the place of the reptile the figure of a bird; 902, (41018).

903. (39971). Fig. 442. A Zuni clay basket without handles; the form of the margin and inner decorations are unusual, and on this account and the fact that the little water animal does not appear on it, it is probably from some other tribe, though obtained at Zuni.

904. (40354). Fig. 452. With handles; margin scalloped. The decorations on this basket are unusual. The chief figure and the most interesting one on this entire group of pottery is that of a snake encircling the body of the basket; on the head of which is a feather crest.

905. (41019). Fig. 449. A Zuni dance basket, one of the most complete in form and decoration in the collection.

906-909. 906, (40356), Fig. 450; 907, (40390); 908, (40391); 909, (40806). This is more cup shaped than usual, and is ornamented with the geometrical figures common on bowls. It belongs to a distinct class of sacred vessels to which the name _tkh[ae]-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-le_ is applied.

910-913. 910, (40336); 911, (40353); 912, (40355), Fig. 451; 913, (40357), varies in having the head of a bird. With handles; margins terraced.

914-922. 914, (40358); 915, (40360); 916, (40361); 917, (40362); 918, (40365); 919, (40366); 920, (40359), Fig. 448; 921, (40379), Fig. 453; 922, (40386). This and the three following specimens are small baskets called by the Zunians _[-a]h'-w[-e]hl-wi-[-a]h-p[ae]-s[-a]hl-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_.

923-928. 923, (40387); 924, (40388); 925, (40389); 926, (40395). This and the two following bear the same figures as observed on Fig. 452. 927, (40397); 928, (40398).

929. (40399). This basket is ornamented with the conventional little water animal, inside and out; it also presents the head and tail of a snake, the body of which encircles the base of the basket. The head of the snake is decorated with a crest and a horn-like projection immediately before the eyes. The tongue and teeth are also represented in colors on the specimen. The rim is serrated and painted black with a small line conforming to the black band immediately under it.

930. (41016). Is without a handle, but noticeable for the representation of a bird, on each side of which are two of the little water animals.

931. (41017). Basket without handle and four pyramids with serrated edges, and representation of horned toad on sides.

932. (41019). Basket with handle, large toad on each side, and a dragonfly on each side of the toad.

_PAINT CUPS._