Chapter 10

The following baskets are made from the broad leaves of the yucca, woven or plaited crosswise in a very simple manner, and wrapped at the rims with leaves of the same plant. The texture of the weaving is quite coarse, not sufficiently close to hold any material smaller than corn or fruit:

1988-2006. 1988, (42176); 1989, (42177); 1990, (42178); 1991, (42179); 1992, (42180); 1993, (42181); 1994, (42182); 1995, (42183); 1996, (42184); 1997, (42185); 1998, (42186); 1999, (42187); 2000, (42188); 2001, (42189); 2002, (42190); 2003, (42191); 2004, (42192); 2005, (42193); 2006, (42194), are all specimens of this class well shown in Fig. 543.

_DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTS, TOYS, ETC._

2007. (41706). A Shinumo blanket loom, with a blanket partly completed, with all the fixtures and implements employed in the art of blanket weaving. This art, however, attains its highest degree amongst the Navajos.

2008-2009. 2008, (41707), and 2009, (41708), are looms exhibiting different modes of weaving.

2010. (41709). A loom with a partly finished garment.

2011. (41683). Fig. 546. Blanket-stick for tightening strands of blankets during the process of weaving. After the thread is passed through from one side to the other this stick is placed over the thread and then firmly beaten down. The following numbers are implements of the same kind. They are called _soo-qua_.

2012-2020. 2012, (41684); 2013, (41685); 2014, (41686); 2015, (41687); 2016, (41688); 2017, (41689); 2018, (41690); 2019, (41691); 2020, (41692).

2021. (41888). Blanket stretcher, _tu-he-que-hey_.

2022. (41166). Reed frames, used in weaving belts and garters, called _quey-hu-wuk-ta_.

The following are objects of the same kind:

2023-2027. 2023, (41667); 2024, (41668a); 2025, (41668b); 2026, (41669); 2027, (41670). Implement to show the process of making belts.

2028. (42372). Small notched stick used in weaving belts.

2029-2030. 2029, (41998), and 2030, (41999). Short pointed sticks for stretching and drying skins.

2031. (41676). Spindle whorl, _pa-tu-he-kah_. This is a common object of use amongst all the Pueblos. Fig. 547 is an illustration of one of these implements, showing the shaft with spun yarn below the disk. As previously mentioned, this spindle whorl is almost identical with the drill used for perforating stone and shell charms and ornaments. The addition of a cross stick and strings, with the flint tip, are only necessary to convert it into a drill. In both the drills and whorls the disks are made of horn, stone, bone, and wood. For the drill see Fig. 494.

2032-2037. 2032, (41677); 2033, (41678); 2034, (41679); 2035, (41680); 2036, (41681); 2037, (41682). All spindle whorls.

2038. (41658). Bow and three arrow-shafts.

2039. (41659). Bow.

2040. (41660). Bundle of four arrow-shafts.

2041-2044. 2041, (41661); 2042, (41662); 2043, (41663); 2044, (41664), are bundles of thirty-five arrow-shafts.

2045. (41651). Bow and six iron-pointed arrows.

2046. (41652), (41653). Bows.

2047. (41654). Bow and quiver.

2048. (41655). Quiver and twenty-six iron-pointed arrows.

2049. (41656). Child's bow and two arrows.

2050. (41720). Boy's bow with two arrows.

2051. (41976), Fig. 548. Stick used for hunting rabbits; it is in the form of a boomerang.

2052-2055. 2052, (41977); 2053, (41978); 2054, (41979), Fig. 549; 2055, (41980). Same objects as the last. In the Zuni tongue this stick is called _kle-[-a]n-ne_, and in Shinumo _pu-wich-he-cu-he_.

2056. (41924). Saddle-tree.

2057. (41925). Stirrups, _pu-tut-hum-pee_.

2058. (41119). Sinch hooks, _cu-rah-bat-tow_.

2059. (42000). Wooden hoe, made in imitation of European hoe.

2060. (41693). Wooden forceps, _wat-cha_.

2061. (41909). Pronged stick for rake, called _ta-wish-wy-lah_. See Fig. 550.

2062-2063. 2062, (41916), and 2063, (41917). Small yoke-shaped implements for drying the skins of small animals by stretching the skin over them.

2064. (41863). Wooden treasure-box, of which the following numbers refer to specimens, and which are well shown in Figs. 552 and 554:

2065-2069. 2065, (41864); 2066, (41865); 2067, (41866); 2068, (41867); 2069, (41868).

2070. (41985). Baby cradle, with hoops over the head for net work; made of slats, _mu-hu-tah_.

2071. (41986). Baby cradle made of willow work.

2072. (41987). Cradle without top.

2073. (41988). Toy cradle, of basket work.

2074. (41989). Toy cradle of boards.

2075. (41710). Toy whirligig, made of a disk with two holes through which strings are passed.

2076. (41711). Specimen of Indian corn.

2077-2078. 2077, (41715), and 2078, (41716).

2079. (41694). Paint toy, of wood, _tat-chi_.

2080. (41695). Bird snares, made of small sticks like the ramrod of a gun, arranged with horse hairs, _wa-wa-shi_.

2081. (42371). Bunch of very small reed-like grass, called _nen-a-wash-pi_ or rain broom.

2082-2083. 2082, (41889), and 2083, (41890). Whirling sticks.

2084-2886. 2084, (41177); 2085, (41178); 2086, (41179). Specimens of a peculiar drum-stick in general use by the Shinumo, Zuni, and other Pueblo Indians. It is made from a stick, one end of which is shaved off sufficiently to admit of bending the end thus shaved round in the form of a hoop, and then tightly securing it. The hoop portion is used in beating the drum. Fig. 551 is an illustration of one of these drum-sticks.

2087. (41180). Calabash, or gourd, for holding food or water.

2088-2090. 2088, (41181); 2089, (41182); 2090, (41183). Ordinary forms of the same vessel.

2091. (41191). Gourd, perforated, with a staff through the center, painted in many colors; held on a pole in dances. See Fig. 553.

_ORNAMENTAL OBJECTS._

2092. (41926). Is a flat piece of wood about twenty inches long and five in width, with a notched handle at the lower end. Two bunches of feathers are attached to each edge of it, and a bunch at the top. The form of the ornamentations is shown in Fig. 556; the colors employed in these ornamentations are brilliant red, yellow, blue, and black. The entire design is intended to represent the body of a human being. These objects are carried in the hand in their dances.

2093-2097. 2093, (41927); 2094, (41928); 2095, (41929); 2096, (41930); 2097, (41931). These are other examples which are well represented in Fig. 555.

2098-2100. 2098, (41932), Fig. 557; 2099, (41933); and 2100, (41934), are sticks, carried in the main dance. They represent lightning.

2101-2102. 2101, (41935), and 2102, (41936). Small notched sticks, ornamented with blades of grass and wild-turkey feathers; carried in the dance.

2103-2106. 2103, (41937); 2104, (41938); 2105, (41939); 2006, (41940). Wooden objects highly colored with various devices depicted on them. These are worn on the head in dances. Mowers are represented on some; on others, the human face, &c. Fig. 558, an illustration made from one of them.

2107-2108. 2107, (41941), and 2108, (41942). Small frames, over which canvas is stretched, to the edges of which are attached various small ornaments; used in dances.

2109. (41943). Small hoop with canvas stretched over it, on which are painted five small objects like stars, used in dances.

2110. (41944). Leather dance-mask, painted.

2111. (41945). Dance-mask.

2112. (41946). Pair of split horns worn in dances.

2113. (41947). Head-dress made in the form of scallops.

2114. (41948). Head-dress of painted sheep-horns.

2115. (41949). Head-dress crown made of basket-ware, to which are attached three projections intended for horns, Fig. 559.

2116. (41950). Corn-husk ornament for the dance.

2117-2118. 2117, (41671), and 2118, (41972). Wooden objects made in imitation of a sun-flower, with zigzag or snake-like sticks attached to them, which are used as ornaments in the corn dance, called _pah-wah_.

2119-2120. 2119, (41673), and 2120, (41674). Shuttle-cocks, made by inserting the ends of two hawk-feathers in a small block. They are carried in dances.

2121. (42042). Dance-rattle made from a small gourd, embellished in colors of black, red, and white. The gourd is perforated at each side, through which a stick is passed for a handle, cross S's on each side. See Fig. 562.

2122. (41982). Notched stick, with shoulder blade of sheep or deer, for musical instrument. See Fig. 561.

2123-2124. 2123, (41983), and 2124, (41984). Notched sticks without the bone.

2125. (41701). Dance ornaments, called _tau-ah-qu-la_, made by attaching semi-circular sticks or hoops to a small pole; ornamented with colors.

2126-2129. 2126, (41702); 2127, (41703); 2128, (41704); 2129, (41705), are ornaments of the same character as the preceding.

2130. (41857). Painted gourd-rattle for dances, of which the following numbers are specimens variously ornamented:

2131-2135. 2131, (41858); 2132, (41859); 2133, (41860); 2134, (41861); 2135, (41862), of which the illustration of the latter is an example. See Fig. 560.

2136. (41883). Flat wooden block, painted, for head ornament.

2137. (41884). Cylindrical blocks, with a cup-shaped cavity in one end, used as gaming blocks.

2138-2139. 2138, (41885), and 2139, (41886), are specimens of this block called _sosh-he-wey_.

2140. (41887). Spherical grooved block, painted to represent a melon, used in the melon dance.

2141. (41918). Wooden top, _ree-am-pee_.

2142. (41920). Wooden balls, probably to represent eyes.

2143. (41921). Ball attached to the end of a painted stick, the use of which is not known; probably used in connection with dancing ceremonies.

2144. (41900). Small implement of wood used as a dance ornament.

2145. (41752). Wooden ornament for the head, worn in dancing ceremonies. Two little leather balls are attached to the dotted end; shown in Fig. 563.

2146. (41754). Two small wooden balls with black ends and a white band around the middle; a dance ornament.

2147. (41756). Ornaments for the wrist; made of wooden rings.

2148. (41753). A similar object, painted in various bright colors.

2149-2150. 2149, (41881), and 2150, (41882), are slatted wooden cylinders with conical blocks attached to them. Ornaments for dancing ceremonies.

2151. (41876). Wooden ball attached to slatted gourd-neck, used as an ornament in the dance.

2152. (41877). See Fig. 564.

2153-2154. 2153, (41878), and 2154, (41879). Specimens varying from the preceding only in colors.

2155. (41922). Necklace of acorn hulls, _tuck-we-tah-qua-we_. Fig. 565.

2156. (41923). The same kind of an ornament.

_STATUETTES._

These objects vary in form, size, and decoration, the largest being about thirty inches high, the smallest not more than five. They are objects of worship in one form or another. The illustrations in the woodcuts and colored plates will convey a better idea of them than could be given in a description. They are entirely composed of wood, with feathers and other small ornaments attached to them occasionally.

2157. (41951). This is the largest one of these images in the collection, very highly ornamented with bright variegated colors. See Fig. 571.

2158. (41952). One of these objects, differing only in size and manner of decoration.

2159. (41953). This is a specimen of one of these images exhibited in Fig. 567. The form is common to many of them, showing the pyramidal projections attached to the head, with feathered tips.

2160-2161. 2160, (41954), and 2161, (41955). Similar objects.

2162. (41956). Fig. 569. This exhibits a female figure with variegated colors, and in addition to the pyramidal projections from the head has two round sticks with a ball and crown.

2163-2164. 2163, (41957), and 2164, (41958). Similar to Fig. 569.

2165. (41959). Fig. 566. The general characteristics of this specimen are the same as those already referred to, but it differs in the arrangement of the head attachments; two rows of pyramids are shown; the lower one is inverted; the two rows are separated by three arches; the upper pyramids are ornamented at the tips with feathers. A necklace of acorn hulls is around the neck, with a shell ornament attached to it. Garters are represented at the knees. In this specimen, as in many others, the feet are only represented by stubs. The body is decorated to represent fancifully colored clothing.

2166-2168. 2166, (41960); 2167, (41961); 2168, (41962). Similar to the preceding.

2169. (41963). This is well shown in Fig. 570.

2270-2172. 2170, (41964); 2171, (41965); 2172, (41966). Objects of the same character.

2173. (41967). This specimen (Fig. 568) differs considerably in form from those previously mentioned. As will be observed by reference to the figure, it has a conical projection from the top of the head, representing a hat with a feather at the top, with two short, round blocks at the base of the hat, and two round balls to represent ears. The skirt is of cloth. The specimen is brilliantly decorated with paint.

2174. (41968). Shows the form and details of carving, highly colored.

2175. (41969). A brilliantly colored image, which is well shown in colors in Fig. 572.

2176-2180. 2176, (21970); 2177, (41971); 2178, (21972); 2179, (21973); 2180, (41974), are similar objects.

ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.

_HORN AND BONE._

2181. (40113). Large ladle from horn of mountain sheep, called _al-ly-ku_. See Fig. 573.

2182-2188. 2182, (41891); 2183, (41892); 2184, (41893); 2185 (41894); 2186 (41895); 2187 (41897); and 2188 (41898). No. 2182 is a bone awl or perforator, of which the others are examples, as shown in Fig. 575.

2189-2192. 2189, (41990); 2190, (41991); 2191, (41992); 2192, (41193). Goats' horns perforated with small round holes, through which arrow shafts are passed to smooth and straighten them. Fig. 576 is an illustration of one of them, called _hoth-quen_.

2193-2196. 2193, (41994); 2194, (41995); 2195, (41996); 2196, (41997). Bundles of arrow shafts.

2197. (41855). Bunch of ox hoofs or toes used as a rattle in dances. These same objects are frequently attached to the edges of turtle shells for the same purpose. See Fig. 574 in Zuni collection.

2198-2199. 2198, (41763), and 2199, (41764). Small hoops with painted net-work stretched across them; dance ornaments.

2200-2201. 2200, (42346), and 2201, (42347). Shell ornaments, _ya-wag-sha-na._

2202. (41854). Medicine shells.

_SKIN._

2203. (41737). Cap made from the skin of a panther's head, with feathers attached to the top of it, called _pow-how-wi-ta-nah-chi_.

2204. (41738). Head-dress made of the skin of a panther's head, so as to preserve the natural appearance of the animal, with feather ornaments attached.

2205. (41740). Fur cap, ornamented with feathers.

2206. (41743). Boy's sling, _tow-wow-kin-pi_.

2207. (41842). Large rabbit-skin robe, made by twisting strands of rabbit-skins with the fur attached, and then sewing the strands together, _tah-ru-pe_.

2208. (41843). Small robe of the same character.

2209. (42354). Buckskin wrist-guards, faced with metal, Fig. 579. These guards are common with nearly all tribes of Indians, and are designed to protect the wrist from the string of bows used in war and in hunting.

2210. (41869). Women's buckskin leggings.

2211. (41870). Women's buckskin leggings.

2212. (41739). Anklet of buckskin, _pi-la-wak-chi_.

2213. (41741). Anklet of buckskin.

2214. (41828). A pair of men's moccasins, which the accompanying illustration shows well. They are made of buckskin, but differ from the usual manner of making moccasins, called _pow-chi_. See Fig. 578.

2215. (41721). Baby's moccasins, _tow-tow-chi-we-ha_.

2216. (41722). Pair child's moccasins, _tow-tow-chi-we-ha_.

2217. (41723). Woman's moccasins, _tow-chi_.

2218. (41829). Pair of child's moccasins, _pow-tow-chi-u-wez-ha_. The following are specimens of children's moccasins:

2219-2222. 2219, (41830); 2220, (41831); 2221, (41832); 2222, (41833).

2223. (41755). Small gaming ball covered with goat skin.

2224. (41745). Buckskin paint bag, beaded.

2225. (41746). Buckskin paint bag, beaded.

2226. (41747). Buckskin paint bag, ornamented with fringe.

2227. (41748). Buckskin paint bag, ornamented with fringe.

2228. (41827). Deer-skin pouch, _la-hab-ush-i-wa_.

2229. (41657). Small deer-skin quiver and one arrow.

2230. (41841). Buckskin embroidered with beads.

2231. (41871). Buckskin dyed black.

2232. (41872). Buckskin dyed black.

2233. (41873). Buckskin dyed black.

2234-2235. 2234, (41717), and 2235, (41719), are riding whips made of plaited leather or raw-hide, called _wi-wa-pi_. See Fig. 580.

2236. (41176). A flat drum, made by stretching goat-hide over a wide hoop, and tightened by lacing crosswise around the edge with a cord of the same hide. One side is plain, the other is decorated with a figure, which is not interpreted. This specimen is from Shinumo, but it does not differ from those used by many of the other Pueblo tribes. Fig. 581.

2237. (42351). Fig. 577. Leather wristlets, ornamented with wild turkey feathers.

2238-2239. 2238, (42352), and 2239, (42353), are objects of the same kind, differing somewhat in ornamentation.

2240. (42354). Ornamental wristlets with metal facing.

2241. (42355). Buckskin wrist-guard, to protect the wrist from the bowstring when shooting arrows.

2242-2243. 2242, (42356), and 2243, (42357), are similar objects, made of leather.

2244. (42358). Anklets of leather or rawhide strips.

2245. (42359). Anklets.

2246-2247. 2246, (41749), and 2247, (41750). Leather bags for fire stones.

2248. (41850). Leather attachments for moccasins.

2249. (41765). Leather gaming ball, _tat-chi_.

2250. (41758). Leather or rawhide lash rope with rings, called _pe-qui-sha_.

2251. (41874). Specimen of undressed rawhide.

2252. (41875). Rawhide bag, painted, _cah-he-ne-si-vah_.

2253. (41844). Narrow strip of canvas, painted to represent some fanciful feature. The following are specimens of the same:

2254-2258. 2254, (41845); 2255, (41846); 2256, (41847); 2257, (41848); 2258, (41849).

_WOVEN FABRICS._

2259. (41834). Woven belts or sashes, of which the following are examples, and which are well shown in colors by Figs. 582 and 583:

2260-2269. 2260, (41713); 2261, (41803); 2262, (41255); 2263, (41823); 2264, (41835); 2265, (41836); 2266, (41837); 2267, (41838); 2268, (41839); 2269, (41840).

2270. (41718). Woven waist belt, ornamented with sheep and goats' toes, attached to the lower edge of the belt.

2271. (41751). Head ornament of braided hair.

2272. (42361). Flat circular pad, composed of hair, over which the Shinumo women wear their hair, which appears like two wheels over the ears.

2273. (41767). Head ornament for flower dance, called _tah-chi_.

2274. (41769). Ornament similar to the preceding.

2275. (41766). Maiden's hair strings for head-dress, called _chi-ca-ha-pi_.

2276. (41735). Rosette for head-dress in dance.

2277. (41736) Rosette with hair tufts attached; dance ornament for the head.

2278. (41744). Woolen tassel, ornament for dress.

2279. (41762). Neck ornament, with feathers attached, called _how-wah-he-qua-wi_.

2280. (41759). Feather charms.

2281. (41761). Woven band for the head, called _mong-at-a_.

2282. (42365). Fig. 584. Anklets, ornamented with porcupine quills; some are beaded.

The following are specimens of the anklets, variously ornamented:

2283-2286. 2283, (42362); 2284, (42363); 2285, (42364); 2286, (42366).

2287. (41742). Woman's knit leggings.

2288. (41826). Woven hair sinch or saddle-girt, _ah-chis-clah_.

2289. (41757). Braided lasso or lariat.

COLLECTIONS FROM LAGUNA.

ARTICLES OF CLAY.

_WATER VASES._

These are mostly of the usual form, though some should, probably on account of their shape, be designated as jars. A few have the margin undulate, and some are without any distinct neck.

They are generally well made and very symmetrical, of white ware, with decorations in black, brown, or red colors.

2290. (41295). Small, with opposite handles or ears, resembling rats peeping into the vessel; body decorated with broad oblique stripes and figures resembling corn blades. Shown in Fig. 585.

2291. (42382). Small, decorated with birds fighting, their feathers ruffled. Fig. 612.

2292. (42384). Small, with a single broad undulate band around the body, having a white stripe in the middle marked with a row of dots.

2293. (42385). Fig. 586. Scalloped and straight band around the neck; body with two interlaced undulate bands, with triangles alternately in the inclosed and upper spaces.

2294. (42380). Red base, upright black bands in the center, with brown band below neck, and oblique bars extending from rim downward. See Fig. 610.

2295. (42381a). Fig. 587. The leaves in the decorations of this piece are probably designed to represent corn blades. There is something about the figures here used which leads one to believe they are, in part, at least, symbolical.

2296. (42386). Fig. 588. Large. Large flower ornaments surrounding large birds with crests and ruffled feathers, one in each space. The large-billed bird may be intended for a raven; the other the California quail.

2297. (42387). Small margin, with images of three birds with spread wings on it; figures of two birds, with a few small flowers covering the body. See Fig. 611.

2298. (42388). Small. Zigzag band around the neck; figures on the body as in Fig. 585.

2299. (42389). Jar-shaped; zigzag band extending on neck and shoulder; a straight and scalloped band just below the shoulder.

2300. (42390). No neck, broadest near the top; birds, and flowers with stem. Small.

2301. (41391). Without neck; birds only, small.

2302. (42392). Without neck. Birds picking grass. Small flowers.

2303. (42393). Scalloped margin; birds only, small.

2304. (42394), Fig. 589. Scalloped margin. Deer, which seems to be biting the leaves of a plant.

2305. (42395). Fig. 590.

2306. (42396). Jug-shaped, scalloped margin, with four bands of crescents on the body.

2307. (42397). Jug-shaped, with square month; zigzag line around the neck. Scrolls and oblique diamond figures on the body; small.

2308. (42398). Fig. 591. Ears in the form of animals peeping into the vessel.

2309. (42399). Small, with crude images of animals on the margin; birds alone on the body.