Part 30

The physical aspects of Brazil present great encouragement to those desiring to engage in agricultural operations.

The great variety and superior quality of the products present advantages not to be realized in the United States, and the facility of cultivation, with the prospect of improvement under the more thorough treatment of the soil to which our people are accustomed, renders this branch of business particularly attractive.

The manufacturing resources afforded by the water-power which is in almost every section of the country, afford the opportunity for working up much of the material grown upon the soil, and enterprise may speedily put to work spindles and looms even at points remote from the great lines of transportation. To our Southern people the empire of Brazil embodies the character and sentiment among the better class of citizens, very much in keeping with our standard of taste and politeness. It has grown out of the consciousness that worth makes the man, and doubtless connected with the same relative status of races that was formerly a line of distinction between the black and white population with us. Though slavery may be destined to cease in Brazil at some future day, by gradual emancipation, yet the elements of society which have resulted from the mastery of the white man will never be erased entirely from the people. There is a dignity and a hospitality among these people that correspond in many respects to the lofty and generous bearing which characterized the Southern gentleman in former times. We find people in Brazil capable of appreciating the Southern character, and ready to extend a cordial greeting to all who come.

I HAVE SOUGHT AND FOUND THEM A HOME.

CONTENTS.

TITLE 1 INTRODUCTION 3 Hunting a Home in Brazil 5 Temperature approaching Rio 6 Harbor Defences 7 Examination of Passports 8 Entrance into the City 9 The Streets of Rio 10 Mules and Equipages 11 Omnibuses—Negroes—Ferry Boats 12 Post-Office Regulations 13 American Acquaintances 14 City Improvement Company 15 Gas-Lights of City 16 Custom-House Business 17 Negro Carriers 18 Dinner at a Restaurant 19 Brazilian and other Ladies 20 Amusements 21 Inducements for Immigration 22 Representations as to Southern People 23 Information from American Residents 24 Bay of Paranagua 25 Visit to Museum 26 Curiosities 27 Visit to Museum 28 Curiosities 29 Trip to the Suburbs 30 English Church Service 31 Disregard of the Sabbath 32 Audience with Minister of State 33 Call upon Mr. Crenshaw 34 Stroll in Fashionable Street 35 Dress—Umbrellas 36 The Ferry 37 Signal Telegraph 38 Public Buildings 39 Statue of Dom Pedro I 40 Interview with Minister of Agriculture 41 Facilities for Prospecting 42 Necessary Arrangements 43 Large Slaughter-House 44 Departure for Santos 45 Custom at Meals 46 Instruction in Portuguese 47 Use of Cigarettes 48 Fort and City of Santos 49 Visit to Mr. Wright’s Family 50 A Country Ride 51 Coffee Plantation 52 Advantages of Santos 53 Ride in Diligence 54 An Enchanting View 55 Railroad Wanted 56 Ant-Hills 57 Ancient Carriage 58 Letter to Mr. Sampson 59 Brazilian Newspaper Article 60 An Offer of Land 61 President of Province 62 Friendly Assistance 63 Rev. Mr. Blackford 64 Our Interpreter 65 Hospitality of Friends 66 Family Worship 67 Elegant Bath-house 68 Visit to Law School 69 Outfit for our Trip 70 Preparations Completed 71 Catholic and Protestant Cemeteries 72 Brick-Yards 73 Presbyterian Service in Portuguese 74 Religious Toleration Anticipated 75 Set out with Interpreter 76 Tunnel at Cachoeira 77 Railroad to Jundiahi 78 Surroundings of Jundiahi 79 Lint of Pina Tree 80 Coffee Culture near Campinas 81 Simple Mode of Cleaning Coffee 82 The “Monjolo” 83 Visit to an Elegant Establishment 84 Dining-Room 85 Ride to Fazenda—Remarks 86 Management of Coffee and Corn 87 Varieties of Timber 88 Machinery of “Settequéda” 89 Despolpidor for Coffee 90 Fanning Machinery 91 Process Similar to Rice Cleaning 92 Meeting with a Brazilian Physician 93 No Introduction between Strangers 94 The “Chigre” 95 Specimens of Carving 96 Female Apparel 97 Outfit of Camarada 98 Pleasant Weather 99 Plateau Land 100 A Magnificent Fazenda 101 European Colony 102 Coffee-Cleaning Establishment 103 Steam Saw-Mill 104 Extensive Coffee Plantation 105 Cotton Culture 106 Advantages of Brazil 107 Large Trees—Rich Soil 108 Cotton of a Fine Quality 109 Early Marriages 110 Reception at Rio Claro 111 Long Mill-Race 112 Senor Vergueiro’s Fazenda 113 Land of Inferior Quality 114 Seclusion of Women 115 Medium Coffee and Cotton 116 Barren Campo—Sterile Region 117 Numerous Coffee Trees 118 Early Ride to River Rock 119 Proposal of Sale of Lands 120 Elegant Hospitality 121 Saint-Poles—Negro Ceremonies 122 Use of Shackles for Slaves 123 Burning off Lands 124 Contracts with Negro Agents 125 The Contract System 126 How it Operates 127 Extensive Lands for Sale 128 Advantageous Site for a Village 129 Parting from Friends 130 Scarcity of Corn 131 Recently-Opened Fazenda 132 Varieties of Fruit 133 Clothing of Negroes 134 Fertile Lands—Water-Fall 135 Lands in Market 136 Villa of Araraquara 137 Reception at São Lorenço 138 Clarifying Sugar 139 Large Profits from Sugar 140 Medicine—Apothecary 141 Hunt on Sunday 142 A Friend in Need 143 Studying Portuguese 144 Richest Lands not Best for Cotton 145 Large Stock-Farm 146 Native Cows not Good for Milking 147 Lands on Rio Jacaré 148 Lightning-Bugs 149 Large Yield of Cotton 150 Join General Wood’s Party 151 Address of Welcome 152 Reply by Dr. Gaston 153 Extensive Fazendas for Sale 154 Lands of Serra of Good Quality 155 The Macucu—Droves of Cattle 156 Map of Lands near Araraquara 157 Sumptuous Entertainment 158 Oranges for Wine 159 Absence of Requisites for a City 160 Woodlands of Lageado 161 The Ant-Eater 162 Embarrassing Situation 163 Reception at Brotas 164 Hospitality of its Citizens 165 Singular Road-Guide 166 A Hungry Party 167 Latin Terms in Medicine 168 Anniversary of Marriage 169 Thoughts of Home 170 Apprehension for Welfare of Family 171 Assistance to Guest in Mounting 172 Dwelling and Kitchen Together 173 The Ligarto 174 Quality of Land on Rio Jahu 175 Neat Fencing 176 Navigation of River Tieté 177 Accommodations for Sleeping 178 Lands between Rio Jacaré and Tieté 179 Climbing a Tree under Difficulties 180 Valuation of Land in Different Sections 181 Brood Mares and Colts 182 Healthfulness of Country 183 Preparation for Feast of Holy Ghost 184 Correspondence with a Warm Friend 185 Personal Appreciation of Col. Lorenço 186 Parting with our Best Friend 187 Unpleasant Travelling 188 Arrival at Rio Claro 189 A Day with Dr. Gattiker 190 Trouble from Loss of Mule-Shoe 191 Value of Horses and Mules 192 Value of Different Articles 193 Varieties of Useful Timber 194 Specimens of Native Grass 195 Large Dinner Party 196 Addresses—Toasts 197 Water of Streams for Drinking 198 Return to Campinas 199 Dinner Party at Campinas 200 Complimentary Addresses 201 Awkward Blunder 202 Music and Refreshments 203 German Colony 204 House of Entertainment 205 Arrival at Cachoeira 206 Difficulties of Railroad Construction 207 The Lost Trunk 208 Audience with President 209 Emigration Society Organized 210 Cross on the Roadside 211 Fazenda Bananal 212 Comfortable Dwelling 213 Romantically-Situated Lake 214 Rare Combination of Beauties 215 Courtesy by a Stranger 216 Arrival at Santos 217 Attend Theatre with Friends 218 Soldiers—Sea-Sickness 219 Return to Rio Janeiro 220 Dinner at Botafogo 221 Arrival of a New Southern Delegation 222 Handbook for Emigrants 223 Hospitality at Caju 224 Report to Minister of Agriculture 225 Introduction of Friends 226 Arrangement for Further Investigation 227 Antagonism to Slavery Increasing 228 Tannery in São Christovão 229 Butchering Establishment 230 No General Market in Rio 231 Botanical Garden 232 Collection of Rare Specimens 233 Government Agent to Accompany us 234 Shopping in Rio 235 Cheap Ferriage 236 Examination of Site on the Beach 237 Ascent of Monteserrate 238 Arrangements Complete for Conceicão 239 Oldest Settlement in Brazil 240 A Novel Turnout 241 An Original Idea for Progression 242 Pedestrian Performances 243 Dreary Abode at Conceicão 244 Visit to an Old Convent 245 Ascent of River in a Canoe 246 Vagabondism has Few Cares 247 A New Remedy for Debility 248 Sample of Lands and Products 249 Trade for Otter Skins 250 Cargoes for Approaching Festival 251 “Paying the Piper” 252 A Brazilian Gentleman 253 High-Pressure Postilions 254 Almost a Disaster 255 Reconnoissance of City Lots 256 Lime-Factory—Tannery 257 Tanning not Neat, but Profitable 258 Examination of a Coast Farm 259 Attractive Site on Beach 260 Collision Growing out of Slave-Trade 261 Brick and Tile Factory 262 Favorable Report of Cananea 263 Free Travel—Sporting Students 264 Ascent of Inclined Plane 265 Difficulties of Railroading 266 Religious Tolerance Conditional 267 Wet and Dry Seasons 268 Free Land to Emigrants 269 Missionary Operations 270 A Catholic Priest Converted 271 Ordination by Presbytery 272 Prospective Extension of Railroad 273 Pack-Mules Laden with Cotton 274 Arrival at Itu 275 Fine Collection of Fruits 276 Good Site for Machinery 277 Extensive Quarry 278 General Use of Tooth-Picks 279 Cheap Rents at Porto Feliz 280 An Intelligent Mulatto Priest 281 The Negro Taint 282 Iron-Works at Epanema 283 An Opening for Capitalists 284 Good Quarters at Sorocaba 285 Non-observance of Christmas 286 Pleasant Evening-Party 287 Whips and Riding Outfit 288 Campos and Cultivated Slopes 289 Goitre and Leprosy 290 Town of Itapetininga 291 Cotton-Gin by Leg-Power 292 Corn, Cotton, Potatoes 293 Manure Advantageous 294 Stock-Farm Enclosure 295 Report from Major Meriwether 296 Land on the Road to Lençoes 297 Festivities of New Year’s Eve 298 Sad Thoughts 299 Kindness of a Catholic Vicar 300 Procession of Our Lady of Conception 301 The Priest’s Family 302 Females Riding Astride 303 Leaving Paranapanema 304 Aspect of the Country 305 Bedbugs Rare—Fleas Plenty 306 Dodging the Recruiting Officer 307 Backwoodsman’s Dwelling 308 Table Arrangements 309 Sleeping Accommodations 310 Peculiar Custom after Eating 311 Leather Breeches Don’t Tear 312 Hunting Stray Mules 313 A Night in the Forest 314 A Sliding Scale of Travel 315 Most Excruciating Roads 316 Limestone, Lead and Iron Ore 317 Killing Cobras 318 Plan for Descent of River 319 Deficient Cotton Culture 320 Coffee Trees—Rice-Mill 321 Salubrity of Climate 322 Fish—Scenery 323 Regular Dug-Out Canoe 324 Speaking Portuguese 325 Rolling Scaffolds—Saw-Mill 326 Cost of Travel by Water 327 Cotton of Four Years Growth 328 Ponto-Grosso—Cotton and Corn 329 Successful Transplanting of Cotton 330 Change of Rice Seed 331 Mandioca of Two Kinds 332 Cotton Grown without Ploughing 333 Rice and Fish for Food 334 Nest of Mahogany-Backs 335 Fishing with Gill-Net 336 Special Examination of Lands 337 Healthfulness of Locality 338 Beautiful Country 339 Fine Water-Power 340 Coffee Trees Heavily Laden 341 Forest Lands—Mosquitoes 342 Mountainous Aspect of Country 343 Hedges—Timber Abundant 344 Braço de Gado River 345 Wood-Rats—Troublesome Fly 346 Original Forest—Secondary Growth 347 Absence of Rain for Five Days 348 Land for Depot Tendered 349 Favorable-Looking Crops 350 Terms of Sale for Private Lands 351 Noble Hospitality at Caiacauga 352 Large Production of Corn 353 Location for Growing Coffee 354 Artificial Channel near River 355 Interview with Mr. Dunn 356 Epidemic at Ignape 357 Southern Families at Cananea 358 One of the Oldest Settlements 359 Very Fatal Bloody Flux 360 Temperance of City of Santos 361 Government of Brazil 362 Mints, Banks, Schools 363 On Board a Steamship 364 Again in Rio Janeiro 365 Preparing Report of Observations 366 Boarding-House by Southern Family 367 Warehouse for Agricultural Implements 368 Generosity of Mr. C. Nathan 369 Measures to Promote Immigration 370 Divisions of Soil and Territory 371 Transportation—Communication 372 Agricultural and other Resources 373 Character of Brazilians 374 Contents 375

Footnote 1:

The adoption of a British flag by this ship-owner during the progress of the war enabled him to continue sailing upon the high seas, and his sentiments being known to the confederate cruisers, secured one of his vessels from destruction, that fell into their hands.