CHAPTER IX

SCHEME OF VITAL FACULTY.

IX. A. The following scheme[231] is not put forth as expressing deliberate convictions, supported by adequate evidence. Its speculative character has, in fact, excluded it from my text, yet I hope that it may not be without its use. For many men the difficulty of belief is not so much in defect of trustworthy evidence as in the unintelligibility, the _incoherence_ of the phenomena described, which prevents them from being retained in the mind or assimilated with previous knowledge.

I have felt myself the full force of this objection, and I believe that some effort to meet it has become absolutely needful. Undoubtedly a record of facts without theories is the first essential. But the facts individually are like "stones that fall down from Jupiter,"--isolated marvels, each of which seems incredible until we have made shift to colligate them all.

Let us begin, then, by taking the most generalised view possible of all these phenomena. They appear, at any rate, to depend upon the presence of living human beings; and they are therefore in some sense phenomena of _life_. If, then, they are phenomena of life, they must be in some way derived from, or must bear some analogy to, the vital phenomena, the faculties and functions with which we are familiar in the experience of every day. Yet to say this brings us little nearer to our aim. Spirits may have ruled Mr. Moses' mind and body just as truly as our own conscious will rules our mind and body.[232] But the results which they produced were so different from any results which we can produce that it is hard to know where to begin the comparison. Is there not some middle term, some intermediate series, with which both these extreme series may have points of resemblance?

It is here that we ought to feel the advantage of previous discussions on man's own supernormal faculties,--on the powers of the Self below the threshold of ordinary consciousness. We have traced these powers in detail; we have noted the extension of the normal spectrum of consciousness beyond both red and violet ends, in response to subliminal control. Perhaps the profounder conception of the Self thus gained may help us to bridge over that gulf between the performances of the ordinary man and those of the so-called medium which heretofore has involved so difficult a leap. We may find that the spirit's power over the organism which it controls or "possesses,"--while possibly going much further than any subliminal power in the organism itself, as known to us,--may yet advance along similar lines, and receive explanation from hypnotic or telepathic phenomena. I will endeavour, then, to set side by side, in tabular form, the main heads of vital process or faculty as exercised (1) under normal or supraliminal control; (2) under subliminal and telepathic control; (3) under what is claimed as disembodied or spiritual control.

In arranging this scheme my first object is to bring all such phenomena as we actually have before us into intelligible connection; introducing by the way a few of the explanations given to Mr. Moses by his guides. Those explanations, however, are for the most part slight and vague, and our experimental knowledge of the phenomena is, of course, merely nascent and fragmentary. My scheme, therefore, cannot aim at complete logical arrangement. It must involve both repetitions and lacunæ; nor can it be such as the physiologist would care to sanction. But it will, at least, be a first attempt at a connected schedule or rational index of phenomena apparently so disparate that the very possibility of their interdependence b even now constantly denied.

SYNOPSIS OF VITAL FACULTY

I.

FIRST SERIES:--PHENOMENA SUPRALIMINALLY CONTROLLED, OR OCCURRING IN ORDINARY LIFE.

1. Supraliminal or empirical consciousness; aware only of the material world through sensory impressions.

2. Physical nutrition, including respiration.

(_a_) Physiological and pathological processes and products.

3. Physical expenditure; action on material and etherial environment.

(_a_) Mechanical work done at the expense of food assimilated.

(_b_) Production of heat, odour, sound, chemical changes, as the result of protoplasmic metabolism.

(_c_) Production of etherial disturbances; as emission of light and generation of electrical energy.

4. Action on the incarnation of life on the planet.

(_a_) Reproduction, as physiological division.

5. Mental nutrition; sensory receptivity.

(_a_) Ordinary sense-perception.

(_b_) Memory.

6. Mental expenditure; response to stimuli.

(_a_) Intra-cerebral response; ideation.

(_b_) Emotion; will; voluntary innervation.

7. Modifications of supraliminal personality.

(_a_) Birth; as physiological individuation.

(_b_) Sleep; with dreams, as oscillations of the conscious threshold.

(_c_) Metamorphoses; as of insects and amphibians; and polymorphism, as of hydrozoa; multiplex personality.

(_d_) Death; as physiological dissolution.

II.

SECOND SERIES:--PHENOMENA SUBLIMINALLY CONTROLLED.

1. Subliminal consciousness; obscurely aware of the transcendental world, through telepathic and telæsthetic impressions.

2. Physical nutrition modified by subliminal control.

(_a_) Suggestion, self-suggestion, psycho-therapeutics.

(_b_) Stigmatisation.

3. Physical expenditure modified by subliminal control.

(_a_) Mechanical work modified by psychical integration or disintegration; hysteria.

(_b_) Production of heat, and other specific effects upon matter, subliminally modified.

(_c_) Emission of light, and generation of electrical energy modified.

4. Action on the incarnation of life on the planet.

(_a_) Prenatal suggestion through intermediate organism of parent.

5. Mental nutrition (sensory and supersensory receptivity) subliminally controlled.

(_a_) Hyperæsthesia; anæsthesia; analgesia.

(_b_) Hypermnesia, manifested in dreams or automatisms.

(_c_) Telepathy; veridical hallucinations; sensory automatism.

(_d_) Telæsthesia or clairvoyance; perception of distant scenes; retrocognition; precognition.

6. Mental expenditure; response to stimuli modified by subliminal control.

(_a_) Subliminal ideation; the inspirations of genius.

(_b_) Motor automatism; concurrent consciousness; hyperboulia.

(_c_) Extradition of will-power beyond the organism; telergy; self-projection.

7. Modifications of subliminal personality.

(_a_) Birth; as spiritual individuation.

(_b_) Sleep and trance; self-suggested or telepathically suggested; with clairvoyant visions.

(_c_) Ecstasy.

(_d_) Death; as irrevocable self-projection of the spirit.

III.

THIRD SERIES:--PHENOMENA CLAIMED AS SPIRITUALLY CONTROLLED.

1. Subliminal consciousness, discerning and influenced by disembodied spirits in a spiritual world, who co-operate in producing objective phenomena.

2. Physical nutrition modified by spirit-control.

(_a_) Spirit-suggestion; psycho-therapeutics.

(_b_) Stigmatisation.

(_c_) Novel and purposive metastasis of secretion.

3. Physical expenditure modified by spirit-control.

(_a_) Mechanical efficiency increased and fulcrum displaced.

(_b_) Control over individual material molecules; resulting in abrogation of ordinary thermal laws, and in aggregation and disaggregation of matter.

(_c_) Control over etherial manifestations; with possible effects in the domains of light, electricity, gravitation, and cohesion.

4. Action on the incarnation of life on the planet.

(_a_) Pre-conceptual suggestion or self-suggestion.

(_b_) Ectoplasy or Materialisation; temporary extradition or concentration of vital energy.

5. Mental nutrition modified by spirit-control.

(_a_) Ordinary sensory perception spiritually controlled.

(_b_) Memory controlled; retrocognition spiritually given.

(_c_) Sensory automatism spiritually controlled; phantasms of the dead, etc.

(_d_) Telæsthesia developed into perception of spiritual environment; precognition.

6. Response to stimuli spiritually controlled.

(_a_) Ideation inspired by spirits.

(_b_) Motor automatism spiritually controlled; possession.

(_c_) Extension of will-power into the spiritual world; prayer.

7. Modifications of personality from spiritual standpoint.

(_a_) Birth; as descent into generation.

(_b_) Sleep and trance induced, and visions inspired, by spirits.

(_c_) Precursory emergence into completer personality; ecstasy with perception of spiritual world.

(_d_) Death; as birth into completer personality.

(_e_) Vital faculty fully exercised in spiritual world.

IX. B. (1) The following case is quoted from the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. v. p. 253. Professor Luther writes:--

HARTFORD, CONN., _March 2nd, 1892_.

...Miss C. is often in my study and consults my books freely, so that her dream was not remarkable. The dream of Mrs. L. (my wife) was also ordinary in character. The coincidence in time of the dreams may have been merely a coincidence. But that after these occurrences Mrs. L. should suddenly, without the least premeditation and without hesitation, take the right book and open it at the right page with the certainty of a somnambulist, seems to me strange....

These events took place yesterday, last night, and this morning.

F. S. LUTHER (Prof. Math., Trinity College).

Mrs. L. and Miss C. live at the same hotel and meet daily. Miss C. is engaged in writing an essay upon Emerson, and expresses to Mrs. L. her wish to obtain some particulars as to Emerson's private life. Mrs. L. regrets that she has no book treating of the subject. During the night following this conversation Mrs. L. dreams of handing Miss C. a book containing an article such as is desired, and Miss C. dreams of telling Mrs. L. that she had procured just the information which she had been looking for. Each lady relates to the other her dream when they meet at breakfast the next morning. Mrs. L. returns to her room, and, while certainly not consciously thinking of Emerson, suddenly finds in her mind the thought, "There is the book which Miss C. needs." She goes directly to a bookcase, takes down vol. xvii. of the _Century Magazine_, and opens _immediately_ at the article, "The Homes and Haunts of Emerson." Mrs. L. had undoubtedly read this article in 1879, but she had never studied Emerson or his works, nor had she made any special effort to assist Miss C. in her search, though feeling a friend's interest in the proposed essay.

After receiving the book and hearing how it was selected, Miss C. relates her dream more fully, it appearing that she had seemed to be standing in front of Mrs. L.'s shelves with a large, illustrated book in her hands, and that in the book was something about Emerson.

Still later it is found that Miss C. had actually noticed the article in question while actually in the position reproduced in her dream. This, however, had happened about a month previous to the events just narrated, and before she had thought of looking up authorities as to Emerson, so that she had entirely forgotten the occurrence and the article. Neither did she, at that time, call Mrs. L.'s attention to the article, or mention Emerson.

According to the best information attainable, Miss C. was not thinking of her essay at the time when Mrs. L. felt the sudden impulse to take down a certain book. And perhaps it should be added that the volume is one of a complete set of the _Century_ variously disposed upon Mrs. L.'s shelves.

[This account is signed by Professor Luther, Mrs. L., and Miss C.]

Of special interest are a few cases where the actual mechanism of some brief communication from the spiritual world seems to suggest and lead up to the mechanism which we shall afterwards describe either as ecstasy or as possession.

(2) I give here a case which suggests such knowledge as may be learnt in ecstasy;--as though a message had been communicated to a sleeper during some brief excursion into the spiritual world,--which message was remembered for a few moments, in symbolic form, and then rapidly forgotten, as the sleeper returned fully into the normal waking state. What is to be noted is that the personality of sleep, to which I attribute the spiritual excursion, seems at first to have been "controlling" the awakened organism. In other words, Professor Thoulet was partially entranced or _possessed_ by his own spirit or subliminal self.

I quote from _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 503-5, a translation of the original account of the case in the _Annales des Sciences Psychiques_ (September-October, 1891).

Professor Thoulet writes to Professor Richet as follows:--

_April 17th, 1891._

...During the summer of 1867, I was officially the assistant, but in reality the friend, in spite of difference in age, of M. F., a former officer in the navy, who had gone into business. We were trying to set on foot again the exploitation of an old sulphur mine at Rivanazzaro, near Voghera, in Piedmont, which had been long abandoned on account of a falling in.

We occupied the same rooms, and our relations were those of father and son, or of elder and younger brother....

I knew that Madame F., who lived at Toulon, and with whom I was slightly acquainted, would soon be confined. I cannot say I was indifferent about this fact, for it concerned M. F.; but it certainly caused me no profound emotion; it was a second child, all was going well, and M. F. was not anxious. I myself was well and calm. It is true that a few days before, in Burgundy, my mother had fallen out of a carriage; but the fall had no bad consequences, and the letter which informed me of it also told me there was no harm done.

M. F. and I slept in adjoining rooms, and as it was hot we left the door between them open. One morning I sprang suddenly out of bed, crossed my room, entered that of M. F., and awakened him by crying out, "You have just got a little girl; the telegram says ..." Upon this I began to read the telegram. M. F. sat up and listened; but all at once I understood that I had been asleep, and that consequently my telegram was only a dream, not to be believed; and then, at the same time, this telegram, which was somehow in my hand and of which I had read about three lines aloud, word for word, seemed to withdraw from my eyes as if some one were carrying it off open; the words disappeared, though their image still remained; those which I had _pronounced_ remained in my memory, while the rest of the telegram was only a _form_.

I stammered something; M. F. got up and led me into the dining-room, and made me write down the words I had pronounced; when I came to the lines which, though they had disappeared from my memory, still remained pictured in my eye, I replaced them by dots, making a sort of drawing of them. Remark that the telegram was not written in common terms; there were about six lines of it, and I had read more than two of them. Then, becoming aware of our rather incorrect costume, M. F. and I began to laugh, and went back to our beds.

Two or three days after I left for Torée; I tried in vain to remember the rest of the telegram; I went on to Turin, and eight or ten days after my dream I received the following telegram from M. F., "Come directly, you were right."

I returned to Rivanazzaro and M. F. showed me a telegram which he had received the evening before; I recognised it as the one I had seen in my dream; the beginning was exactly what I had written, and the end, which was exactly like my drawing, enabled me to read _again_ the words which I saw _again_. Please remark that the confinement had taken place the evening before, and therefore the fact was not that I, being in Italy, had seen a telegram which already existed in France--this I might with some difficulty have understood--but that I had seen it ten days before it existed or could have existed; since the event it announced had not yet taken place. I have turned this phenomenon over in my memory and reasoned about it many times, trying to explain it, to connect it with something, with a previous conversation, with some mental tension, with an analogy, a wish,--and all in vain. M. F. is dead, and the paper I wrote has disappeared. If I were called before a court of justice about it, I could not furnish the shadow of a material proof, and again the two personalities which exist in me, the animal and the _savant_, have disputed on this subject so often that sometimes I doubt it myself. However, the animal, obstinate as an animal usually is, repeats incessantly that I have seen, and I have read, and it is useless for me to tell myself that if any one else told me such a story I should not believe it. I am obliged to admit that it happened.

J. THOULET, _Professor at the Faculté des Sciences at Nancy_.

Professor Richet adds:--

M. Thoulet has lately confirmed all the details contained in his letter. He has no longer any written trace of this old story, but the recollection of it is perfectly clear. He assured me that he had _seen_ and _read_ the telegram like a real object....

(3) And now I quote a case where a kind of conversation is indicated between the sleeper and some communicating spirit;--recalling the scraps of conversation sometimes overheard (as it were) between Mrs. Piper and some "control" when she is in the act of awaking from trance. These moments "between two worlds" are often, as will be seen, of high significance. In the case here cited we seem to see Mr. Goodall at first misapprehending a message, and himself automatically uttering the misapprehension, and then receiving the needed correction from his invisible interlocutor.

From _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. pp. 453-5. The following narrative was communicated by Mr. Edward A. Goodall, of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours, London:--

_May 1888._

At Midsummer, 1869, I left London for Naples. The heat being excessive, people were leaving for Ischia, and I thought it best to go there myself.

Crossing by steamer, I slept one night at Casamicciola, on the coast, and walked next morning into the town of Ischia.

Liking the hotel there better than my quarters of the previous night, I fetched my small amount of luggage by help of a man, who returned with me on foot beside an animal which I rode--one of the fine, sure-footed, big donkeys of the country. Arrived at the hotel, and while sitting perfectly still in my saddle talking to the landlady, the donkey went down upon his knees as if he had been shot or struck by lightning, throwing me over his head upon the lava pavement. In endeavouring to save myself my right hand was badly injured. It soon became much swollen and very painful. A Neapolitan doctor on the spot said no bones were broken, but perfect rest would be needful, with my arm in a sling. Sketching, of course, was impossible, and with neither books, newspapers, nor letters I felt my inactivity keenly.

It must have been on my third or fourth night, and about the middle of it, when I awoke, as it seemed at the sound of my own voice, saying, "I know I have lost my dearest little May." Another voice, which I in no way recognised, answered, "_No_, not May, but your _youngest boy_."

The distinctness and solemnity of the voice made such a distressing impression upon me that I slept no more. I got up at daybreak, and went out, noticing for the first time telegraph-poles and wires.

Without delay I communicated with the postmaster at Naples, and by next boat received two letters from home. I opened them according to dates outside. The first told me that my youngest boy was taken suddenly ill; the second, that he was dead.

Neither on his account nor on that of any of my family had I any cause for uneasiness. All were quite well on my taking leave of them so lately. My impression ever since has been that the time of the death coincided as nearly as we could judge with the time of my accident.[233]

In writing to Mrs. Goodall, I called the incident of the voice a dream, as less likely perhaps to disturb her than the details which I gave on reaching home, and which I have now repeated.

My letters happen to have been preserved.

I have never had any hallucination of any kind, nor am I in the habit of talking in my sleep. I do remember once waking with some words of mere nonsense upon my lips, but the experience of the voice speaking to me was absolutely unique.

EDWARD A. GOODALL.

Extracts from letters to Mrs. E. A. Goodall from Ischia:--

_Wednesday, August 11th, 1869._

The postman brought me two letters containing sad news indeed. Poor little Percy. I dreamt some nights since the poor little fellow was taken from us....

_August 14th._

I did not tell you, dear, the particulars of my dream about poor little Percy.

I had been for several days very fidgety and wretched at getting no letters from home, and had gone to bed in worse spirits than usual, and in my dream I fancied I said: "I have lost my dearest little May." A strange voice seemed to say: "No, _not_ May but your youngest boy," not mentioning his name....

Mr. Goodall gave me verbally a concordant account of the affair, and several members of his family, who were present at our interview, recollected the strong impression made on him and them at the time.

(4) The next case is precisely a miniature case of possession.

From the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. viii. pp. 278-280.

"The following account" (writes Dr. Hodgson) "was sent to me by Mr. John E. Wilkie at the suggestion of one of our American members who is well known to me, and who speaks in the highest terms of Mr. Wilkie as a witness:"--

WASHINGTON, D. C., _April 11th, 1898_.

In October 1895, while living in London, England, I was attacked by bronchitis in rather a severe form, and on the advice of my physician, Dr. Oscar C. De Wolf, went to his residence in 6 Grenville Place, Cromwell Road, where I could be under his immediate care. For two days I was confined to my bed, and about five o'clock in the afternoon of the third day, feeling somewhat better, I partially dressed myself, slipped on a heavy bath robe, and went down to the sitting-room on the main floor, where my friend, the doctor, usually spent a part of the afternoon in reading. A steamer chair was placed before the fire by one of the servants, and I was made comfortable with pillows. The doctor was present, and sat immediately behind me reading. I dropped off into a light doze, and slept for perhaps thirty minutes. Suddenly I became conscious of the fact that I was about to awaken; I was in a condition where I was neither awake nor asleep. I realised fully that I had been asleep, and I was equally conscious of the fact that I was not wide awake. While in this peculiar mental condition I suddenly said to myself: "Wait a minute. Here is a message for the doctor." At the moment I fancied that I had upon my lap a pad of paper, and I thought I wrote upon this pad with a pencil the following words:--

"DEAR DOCTOR,--Do you remember Katy McGuire, who used to live with you in Chester? She died in 1872. She hopes you are having a good time in London."

Instantly thereafter I found myself wide awake, felt no surprise at not finding the pad of paper on my knees, bcause I then realised that that was but the hallucination of a dream, but impressed with that feature of my thought which related to the message, I partly turned my head, and, speaking over my shoulder to the doctor, said: "Doctor, I have a message for you."

The doctor looked up from the _British Medical Journal_ which he was reading, and said: "What's that?"

"I have a message for you," I repeated. "It is this: 'Dear Doctor: Do you remember Katy McGuire, who used to live with you in Chester? She died in 1872. She hopes you are having a good time in London.'"

The doctor looked at me with amazement written all over his face, and said: "Why,---- what the devil do you mean?"

"I don't know anything about it except that just before I woke up I was impelled to receive this message which I have just delivered to you."

"Did you ever hear of Katy McGuire?" asked the doctor.

"Never in my life."

"Well," said the doctor, "that's one of the most remarkable things I ever heard of. My father for a great many years lived at Chester, Mass. There was a neighbouring family named McGuire, and Katy McGuire, a daughter of this neighbour, frequently came over to our house, as the younger people in a country village will visit their neighbours, and used to assist my mother in the lighter duties about the house. I was absent from Chester from about 1869 to about 1873. I had known Katy, however, as a daughter of our neighbour and knew that she used to visit the house. She died some time during the absence I speak of, but as to the exact date of her death I am not informed."

That closed the incident, and although the doctor told me that he would write to his old home to ascertain the exact date of Katy's death, I have never heard from him further in the matter. I questioned him at the time as to whether he had recently thought of Katy McGuire, and he told me that her name had not occurred to him for twenty years, and that he might never have recalled it had it not been for the rather curious incident which had occurred. In my own mind I could only explain the occurrence as a rather unusual coincidence. I was personally aware of the fact that the doctor's old home had been Chester, Mass., and had frequently talked with him of his earlier experiences in life when he began practice in that city, but never at any time during these conversations had the name of this neighbour's daughter been mentioned, nor had the name of the neighbour been mentioned, our conversation relating entirely to the immediate members of the family, particularly the doctor's father, who was a noted practitioner in that district.

JOHN E. WILKIE.

Dr. De Wolf, in reply to Dr. Hodgson's first inquiry, wrote:--

6 GRENVILLE PLACE, CROMWELL ROAD, S.W., _April 29th, 1898_.

DEAR SIR,--In reply to your letter of the 27th inst., I regret that I cannot recall with any definite recollection the incident to which Mr. Wilkie refers.

I _do_ remember that he told me one morning he had had a remarkable dream--or conference with some one who knew me when a young lad.--Very truly yours,

OSCAR C. DE WOLF.

Dr. Hodgson then sent Mr. Wilkie's account to Dr. De Wolf, with further inquiries, to which Dr. De Wolf replied as follows:--

6 GRENVILLE PLACE, CROMWELL ROAD, S.W., _May 4th, 1898_.

DEAR SIR,--Mr. Wilkie's statement is correct except as to unimportant detail. My father practised his profession of medicine, in Chester, Mass., for sixty years--dying in 1890. I was born in Chester and lived there until 1857, when I was in Paris studying medicine for four years. In 1861 I returned to America and immediately entered the army as surgeon and served until the close of the war in 1865. In 1866 I located in Northampton, Mass., where I practised my profession until 1873, when I removed to Chicago.

Chester is a hill town in Western Mass., and Northampton is seventeen miles distant. While in Northampton I was often at my father's house--probably every week--and during some of the years from 1866 to 1873 I knew Katy McGuire as a servant assisting my mother.

She was an obliging and pleasant girl and always glad to see me. She had no family in Chester (as Mr. Wilkie says) and I do not know where she came from. Neither do I know where or when she died--but I know she is dead. There is nothing left of my family in Chester. The old homestead still remains with me, and I visit it every year.

The strange feature (to me) of this incident is the fact that I had not thought of this girl for many years, and Mr. Wilkie was never within 500 miles of Chester.

We had been warm friends since soon after my location in Chicago, where he was connected with a department of the Chicago _Tribune_. I came to London in 1892 and Mr. Wilkie followed the next year as the manager of Low's _American Exchange_, 3 Northumberland Avenue. His family did not join him until 1895, which explains his being in my house when ill.

Mr. Wilkie is a very straightforward man and not given to illusions of any kind. He is now the chief of the Secret Service Department of the U.S. Government, Washington, D. C.

Neither of us were believers in spiritual manifestations of this character, and this event so impressed us that we did not like to talk about it, and it has been very seldom referred to when we met.--Very truly yours,

OSCAR C. DE WOLF.

INDEX

A., Miss, automatic writing, and crystal visions of, 276 _note_, 289-290.

Abnormal and supernormal vital phenomena, 255-257.

Accidents, apparitions at time of, 106-107, 208.

Achille, case of, 359-361.

_Across the Plains_, _cited_, 97.

After-images-- Ghosts described as, 215. Veridical, 215.

Agassiz, dream intelligence exercised by, case of, 103.

_Ages of Faith_, _cited_, 277 _note_.

Agoraphobia, 34; cured by hypnotism, 136.

Aidé, Mr. Hamilton, _cited_, 320 _note_.

Aksakof, Hon. Alexander, case reported by, 291-292, 405; _cited_, 313; _quoted_, 433-437.

Alcohol in relation to hypnotism, 123, 135.

Alexander, Helen, case of, 388-390.

"Alma," case of, 211.

Alternating Personalities-- Addition of faculty in, 310. Memory in, 131, 310-311. "Possession" compared with, 308-309, 336. X., Félida, case of, 361-363.

_Alterations de la Personalité_, _cited_, 362.

Ambidexterity, relation of, to subliminal mentation, 68.

_American Journal of Psychology_, _cited_, 33 _and note_, 64 _note_, 170 _note_, 265 _note_, 270 _note_.

American Society for Psychical Research, _see under_ Society for Psychical Research.

Amnesia, case of, 47.

Ampère, case of, 66, 68.

Anæsthesia-- Hypnotic, 138-141. Hysterical, unconsciousness of patient in, 36-37; injury not resulting from, 37-39; patches of, 37, 124. Witches, patches on, 124.

Anagrams automatically written, 264.

Analgesia induced by hypnotism, 138-141.

_Anatomy of Sleep_, _cited_, 416 _note_.

Angélique, Soeur, 308.

Animals-- Apparition possibly seen by, 456, 457 _note_. Hypnotisability and suggestibility of, 123-124. Proximity of, sensibility to, 380. Shock, effects of, on, 123. Telepathy between, 188 _note_.

_Annales des Sciences Psychiques_, _cited_, 284, 446.

_Annales Médico-Psychologiques_, _cited_, 47 _note_{1}, 49 _note_{1}, 379 _note_, 381 _note_, 382 _note_.

_Année Psychologique, L'_, _cited_, 83 _and note_.

Apparitions, _see_ Hallucinations.

_Apparitions and Thought-transference_, _cited_, 185 _note_{2}.

Arago, _quoted_, 71.

_Arcanes de la vie future dévoilées_, _cited_, 317.

_Archives de Médecine_, _cited_, 98 _note_{3}.

_Archives de Nevrologie_, _cited_, 49 _note_{1}.

Arithmetical calculations done under hypnotism, 152.

---- prodigies, 64-67.

Art, symbolism of, 79-80.

Attention, hypnotic influence on, 153.

Audition-- Coloured, 170 _note_. Defects of, removed by hypnotism, 143. Hyperæsthesia of, 270. Shell-hearing, 201.

Automatic writing, _see under_ Motor Automatism.

Automatism-- Definition of, 168. Motor, _see_ Motor Automatism. Sensory, _see_ Sensory Automatism.

_Automatisme Psychologique, L'_, _cited_, 48, 146 _note_, 308 _note_{2}; _quoted_, 85-86.

Ayre, Captain, case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.

Azam, Dr., case of patient of, _quoted_, 361-363.

B., Madame, telepathic hypnotisation of, 382-383.

--, S. H., apparition of, 210-211, 396-399.

Babylonian inscriptions deciphered in dream, 366-369.

Bacchus, Mrs., case of, 234.

Backman, Dr., case of patient of, 211.

Bacon, Francis, _cited_, 184, 341.

Baillarger, _cited_, 96.

Bajenoff, Rev. Basil, case attested by, 417.

Barnes, Mary, case of, 49 _note_{3}.

Barrett, Prof. W. F., _cited_, 320 _note_, 378, 380; S.P.R. promoted by, 9 _note_{1}.

Barrows, Dr. Ira, _cited_, 295.

Beauchamp, Sally, case of, 49, 308.

Beaumis, Prof., _cited_, 147 _note_.

Beecher, Sir Arthur, case of, _cited_, 244 _note_.

Bérillon, Dr. Edgar, _cited_, 133 _note_, 135 _note_{1}, 139 _note_, 153, 155 _note_, 272.

Berjon, Dr., _cited_, 49 _note_{1}, 379 _note_.

Bernheim, Professor, hypnotic cures by, 117; work of, 121-122; _cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 155 _note_, 159, 160, 166.

Bertha, Sister (Bertha Foertsch), apparition seen by, 228, 420.

Bertrand, Dr., work of, 119.

----, Rev. L. J., trance of, 400.

_Bibliothèque Diabolique_, _cited_, 277 _note_, 308 _note_{1}.

Bidder, Mr., case of, 66, 68.

Bigge, Wm. Matthew, case of, 384-385.

Biggs, Dr., _cited_, 146 _note_, 151 and _note_.

Binet, Professor, _cited_, 64 _note_, 83, 362.

Binns, Dr., _cited_, 416 _note_.

Blake, William, work of, 58.

Blindness, tactile hyperæsthesia with, 271.

Blyth, Mr., case of, 68.

Boeteau, M., case of patient of, 47.

Bouffé, _cited_, 133 _note_.

Bourdon, Dr., _cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 137 _note_{1}.

Bourne, Ansel, case of, 45-46.

----, Canon, apparition of, 195, 197.

----, the Misses, apparition seen by, 386-387.

Bourru, Dr., _cited_, 49 _note_{1}, 146 _note_.

Boyle, Mr., case of, _cited_, 107 _note_.

Braid, work of, 120 _and note_{2}-121; squint of, 125-126.

Brain-- Possession, functions in, 190, 201. Recovery of, from injury, 81-82. Spirit's action on, 305. Telepathic communications in relation to, 304-305.

_Brain_, _cited_, 49 _note_{3}, 98 _note_{1}, 153 _note_{2}.

Bramwell, Dr. J. Milne, _cited_, 49 _note_{3}, 120 _note_{2}, 123, 124 _note_, 126 _note_, 129 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 137, 152, 153, 154; _quoted_, 41.

Breuer, Dr., _cited_, 40-41 _and note_.

_British Medical Journal_, _cited_, 137 _note_{3}, 139 _note_.

Brown, George, evidence given by, 413.

Browne, Miss, 285.

Bruce, Dr., case of, 107-108, 237; _quoted_, 371-373.

Buddhism, 349, 352-353.

_Bulletins de la Société de Psychologie Physiologique_, _cited_, 382.

Burot, Dr., _cited_, 49 _note_{1}, 146 _note_.

Buxton, case of, 66, 67.

C., Miss, dream of, 315, 445-446.

Cædmon's poem, _cited_, 104 _note_.

Cahagnet, Alphonse, cases of subjects of, 299, 317-318; _cited_, 204.

Calculating boys, 64-67.

Calculations under hypnotism, 152.

Campbell, General, case of, _cited_, 243.

----, Miss Catherine M., apparition seen by, 243, 429.

Camuset, Dr., _cited_, 49 _note_{1}.

Cataplexy produced by shock, 123.

Cevennes, miracles of the, 285.

Chabaneix, Paul, _cited_, 71 and _note_.

Chaddock, Dr. C. G., _cited_, 98 _note_{4}.

Character, hypnotic influence on, 133-135 _and notes_, 155, 381-382.

Charcot, Prof.-- _Cited_, 52 _note_, 103 _and note_[3], 132 _note_. Hypnotic school of, 121. Stages in hypnotism, theory as to, 130.

Charms, potency of, 164.

Childhood, 92.

Children-- Education and training of, value of hypnotism in, 133 _and note_--134 _and note_. Phantasms of, 456, 457 _note_. Terrors of, 33-34.

Chinese devil-possession, 307-309.

Chloroform, influence of, on suggestibility, 122-123.

Christian Science, 128, 165.

Christianity, 3-4, 342, 346, 349-352.

Clairvoyance-- Automatic messages due to, 325. Definition of term, 6 _note_{1}; inadequacy of term, 105. Dying, of the, 233. Genius a kind of, 344. Joan of Arc, case of, 267. Medical, 380-381. Telepathy, relation to, 187. Travelling-- Cases of, 205-206, 400. Dreams, likeness to, 205. Ecstasy and extension of, 337-338. Hypnotic, 163. Nature of, 204-205. Savages, among, 345. Sleep, during, 301.

Claustrophobia cured by hypnotism, 136.

"Clelia" case, _cited_, 277 _note_.

Cobbe, Miss, cases of, _cited_, 233.

Colburn, case of, 66, 67.

Coleridge, Hartley considered as a genius, 60.

----, S. T.--inspiration of _Kubla Khan_, 104.

Colonial animals, analogy from, 30.

_Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie_, _cited_, 146 _note_.

Condillac, _cited_, 71.

Conley, Elizabeth, vision seen by, 315, 412-415.

Consciousness-- Central, in relation to minor consciousness, 30. Complexity and memory the test of, 28-30. Dogs, of, 29. Double, _see_ Secondary Personality. Ethical and legal view of, 29. Mind, relation to, 29. Spectrum of, solar spectrum analogous to, 18-19. Subliminal, 14-16. Unreliability of, 14.

Continuity-- Doctrine of, 346. Evidence, in, demand for, 213. Life, of, presumptive proof of, 184. Subliminal mentation, of, 280.

_Contribution à l'étude de l'hypnotisme_, _cited_, 382 _note_.

Coomes, Dr. M. F., _cited_, 146 _note_.

Cooper, Alfred, _quoted_, 370.

Cope, C. H., case collected by, 410-411.

Cosmic and Planetary-- Evolution, 342, 354. Phases of personality developed simultaneously, 114-115, 165-166.

Cosmic Law-- Christianity the fulfilment of, 346. Continuity of, 351.

_Courier-Journal_, _cited_, 146 _note_.

Cox, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.

Crawford and Balcarres, Earl of, _cited_, 320 _note_.

Crealock, Colonel, apparition seen by, 244.

Crimes committed under hypnotism, no evidence for, 37, 154.

Crookes, Sir W., _cited_, 24, 186, 319, 320 _note_; work of, 7.

Crowe, Mrs., _cited_, 317 _note_{2}.

Crum, Amos, evidence obtained by, 413-415.

Crystal Visions-- Collective, analogy of, with collective apparitions, 241. Distant knowledge acquired by, 201. Goodrich-Freer, Miss, experience of, 365. Hypnotisation accompanying, 181. Method and nature of, 180, 182-183. Supraliminally unapprehended facts, of, 103. Symbolic character of, 202. Telæsthesia in, 201-202. Telepathic sensibility accompanying gift of, 181-182, 187.

Crystals, sensibility to, 379.

Cryptomnesia, 279, 284, 286.

Cuvier, _cited_, 159.

D., Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.

_D. D. Home; His Life and Mission_, _cited_, 319 _note_, 320 _note_.

Dase, case of, 66, 67, 68, 91.

De Fréville, Mrs., apparition of, 243-244.

_De Genio Socratis_, _cited_, 267 _note_{2}.

De Gourmont Rémy, _quoted_, 71.

D'Indy, M. Vincent, _cited_, 71.

De Jong, _cited_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{1}.

_De l'Intelligence_, _cited_, 98 _note_{2}.

_De la Suggestion et de ses Applications à la pédagogie_, _cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 153 _note_.

De Musset, _quoted_, 71.

De Normandie, Rev. C. Y., _quoted_, 440.

De Puységur, Marquis, work of, 119 _and note_; _cited_, 157 _note_, 381.

De Vesci, Lady, case of, 269.

De Wolf, O. C., _quoted_, 451-452.

Dead, the, _see_ Discarnate Spirits.

Deafness removed by hypnotic suggestion, 143.

Dean, Sidney, _cited_, 276 note.

Death-- Apparitions at or near time of, 9, 193, 225-226; causes conditioning, 225; time relations in, 224 _note_{2}, 225; three main types of, 220. Clairvoyance at time of, 233. Conditions of, taken on, in mediumistic trance, 318. Dream of, 228 _note_. Premonitory vision of, 370. Prevision of, by discarnate spirits, 232. Transitional stage immediately following, 230-232, 237, 240.

Dee, Dr., magic of, 180.

Delboeuf, _cited_, 139 _note_{1}, 141, 152.

Delirium tremens, suggestibility developed during recovery from, 123.

Delitzsch, Prof. Friedrich, 365.

Demoniacal possession, 307-309.

Dent, Mrs., 386.

_Des Indes à la planète Mars_, _cited_, 265 _note_, 279.

Despine, Dr. Prosper, 150 _and note_, 157 _note_, 381.

Dessoir, Herr Max, _cited_, 185.

Devils, possession by, 307-309.

Diamanti, case of, 64 _note_.

Dickens, Charles, _cited_, 82-83.

Dignowity, Karl, dream and vision of, 375-377.

Discarnate spirits-- Apparitions of-- Animals, possibly seen by, 456, 457 _note_. Automatic character of, 215, 221. Cases of, 226-229, 231-236, 366, 371-373, 375-376, 406-409, 410-411, 416-417, 420-429. Collective, 241-243. Compacts, in answer to, 235-236. Dying, seen by the, 233. Evidence for, Gurney _quoted_ on, 222. Evidence of presence, not always to be considered as, 326. Ghosts, popular theories as to, 214-216. Nature of, 305-306. News of death, bringing, 234-235; coincident with, 239. Personal and local, 240-243 _and note_[2]. Premonitory, 406-411. Projected from incarnate minds, 234, 244-245, 249, 250 _note_. Repeated, 227, 231, 240-241, 401-404. Results of past mental action as a factor in, 245. Retrocognition in relation to, 245, 251. Spatial phenomena in relation to, 250. Twofold nature of, 306. Veridical after-images, 215-216. Attitude of, probable, towards earthly things, 229. Bewilderment of, immediately after death, 237, 240, 335. Communications from, 189, 217; difficulties of spirits in establishing, 335-337; case of Swedenborg, 317; types of, 218-219, 221. Corpse, knowledge regarding, indicated by, 236-238, 406-409. Death conditions of, reproduced in mediumistic trance, 318. Evolution amongst, theory as to, 345, 346. Ghosts, definitions of, 214-215. Identity, conception of, 334. Knowledge of, sources of, 289-290. Material perception of, 203. Physical intervention of, question as to, 24. Spacial relations of, 334. State of, 252-253, 350-351. Study of problems as to, method of, 229-230. Surviving friends, thought for, indicated by, 239. Telekinesis by, 312-314. Telepathy from, 16, 187, 238, 304. Terrene affairs-- Knowledge of present and future, evidence as to, 231-233, 292-293, 334. Memory of, evidence as to, 234-235, 412-415. Theology, knowledge of, 350. Time, relation to, 334. Welcome of friends into spirit world by, 233.

_Dissociation of a Personality_, _cited_, 49 _note_{2}.

Dissociation of ideas, 361.

Dissolution and evolution contrasted, 254-257.

Divining rod, 269, 378.

Distant knowledge, avenues to, 201.

Dodson, Miss L., apparition seen by, 410-411.

Dorez, Dr. A., _cited_, 137 _note_{1}.

Dowsing, 269, 378.

Drawing, automatic, 273 _and note_.

Dreams-- Acuteness of senses in, 97. Babylonian inscriptions deciphered in, 366-369. Death, of, 228 _note_. Hallucinations, defined as, 173. Hypermnesic, 102. Hypnotic memory of, 30. Inferences drawn in, 102. Life of, concurrent with waking life, 196. Lost objects, of, 364. Memory in-- Capricious nature of, 310-311. Ecmnesic periods of, 101. Hypnotic memory, relation to, 99-101. Pain, of, after operations under chloroform, 140. Scope of, as compared with that of waking memory, 102-104, 113. Supraliminally known but forgotten facts, of, 102. Supraliminally unapprehended facts, of, 102-103. Nature of, 43-44, 53. Permanent effect of certain, 97-98. Precognitive, 107-112, 371-373. Questions asked and replied to in, 278. Reasoning intelligence of, 103-104, 113-114, 365-366. Self-suggestion in, 98-99. Stevenson, R. L., of, 72-73. Storie, Mrs., case of, _see_ Storie. Supernormal faculties exercised in, 104-112, 114, 366-375. Transitional, 231. Vision in, 172, 175-176. Visualisation in, 179.

_Dreams of a Spirit Seer_, _cited_, 317 _note_{1}.

Drewry, Dr., _cited_, 48.

Driesen, Baron Basil, apparition seen by, 416-417.

Drugs-- Hypnotic cure of impulse to, 135. Suggestibility, relation to, 122-123.

_Du Magnetisme Animal_, _cited_, 119 _note_.

Du Prel, _cited_, 43 _note_.

Dual existence in cosmic and planetary worlds, 114-115, 165-166.

Dufay, Dr., _cited_, 152; _quoted_, 365.

Dufour, M., hypnotic treatment by, 382 _and note_.

Dunraven, Lord, _cited_, 320 _note_.

Durand, _cited_, 139 _note_, 150 _note_.

Dyce, Dr., case of patient of, _cited_, 45 _note_.

Dynamometrical power and brain energy, 261.

E., Mlle. A., case of, _cited_, 147 _note_.

Ecmnesia-- Nature of, 310. Temporary and permanent, 300-301. Vivé, Louis, case of, 49.

Ecstasy-- Cases of, 337. Definition of, 303. Evidence for, 338. Possession merging into, 314-315. Revelations of, probably subjective, 317. Sleep, relation with, 116.

Education and training, value of hypnotism in, 133-134 _and notes_, 153.

Eeden, Van, _cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 139 _note_.

Egotistical view of life, 348.

_Einige therapeutische Versuche mit dem Hypnotismus bei Geisteskranken_, _cited_, 135 _note_.

_Electricité Animale_, _cited_, 381.

Elgee, Mrs., apparition seen by, 392-395.

Elliotson, Dr., _cited_, 159 _note_; mesmeric hospital of, 117-118, 120.

Ellis, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.

_Encyclopædia Britannica_, _cited_, 125 _note_.

End-organs-- Evolution of, 144. Knowledge acquired without aid of, 169-170.

Energy, ghost defined as persistent personal, 214-215.

Enthusiasts, self-suggestion in relation to, 42.

Environment, man's evolution a perception of, 74-76.

Epilepsy-- Hypnotism applied to, 46. Nerve-centres functioning in, 57. _Post-epileptic_ states, 45-46.

_Erfolge des therapeutischen Hypnotismus in der Landpraxis_, _cited_, 135 _note_{2}.

Esdaile, hypnotic hospital of, at Calcutta, 52, 120; _cited_, 52, 139 _note_, 159-160, 380.

_Essay on the Intellectual Powers of Man_, _quoted_, 11.

_État Mental des Hystériques, L'_, _quoted_, 36.

Ether, matter in relation to, 313.

_Étude Scientifique sur Somnambulisme_, _cited_, 150 _note_.

Eugenics, study of, 179.

Evens, Mr., case of, _cited_, 228.

Evil, view of discarnate spirits as to, 350-351.

Evolution-- _By-products_ of, so-called, 75-76. Cosmic, 354. Dissolutive phenomena contrasted with that of, 254-257. Environment, a perception of, 74-76. Path of, 76. Perturbation masking, 257. Spiritual, 340-346. Subliminal faculties, problem of origin of, 90-91.

_Experiences in Spiritualism with Mr. D. D. Home_, _cited_, 320 _note_.

_Experimental Study in Hypnotism, An_, _cited_, 98 _note_{4}, 146 _note_.

Fahnestock, Dr., _cited_, 163 _note_; _quoted_, 381; work of, 121.

Fairman, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.

Faith-- Aims of, 342-343. Impulse given to, by spiritualistic knowledge, 341. Need for, 348. Self-suggestion in relation to, 166-167. Uncertainty as an aid to, 343.

_Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subject_, _quoted_, 69.

Fancher, Mollie, case of, 51 _and note_[1].

Faraday, _cited_, 263.

Farez, Paul, _cited_, 134 _note_.

Farler, Archdeacon, case of, 227; _cited_, 240.

Faure, Dr., _cited_, 98 _and note_[3].

Féré, Dr., _cited_, 98 _note_{1}, 261 _and note_.

Fetichism, cures in relation to, 164-165.

Finney, Mrs. W. A., _quoted_, 438-440.

Flournoy, Prof., _cited_, 170, 265 _note_{1}; case of patient of, discussed, 279-286.

Foissac, _cited_, 150 _note_.

Fontan, Prof., _cited_, 150 _note_.

Forel, Dr. Auguste, _cited_, 135 _note_{2}; cases of, _cited_, 153.

_Forum_, _cited_, 210 _note_.

Fraud in connection with spiritualism, 313, 329.

Frémont, General, apparition of, 395.

Freud, Dr., _cited_, 40-41 _and note_.

Fryer, Mr., _cited_, 155 _note_.

Fuller, case of, 66.

G., Mr. F., apparition seen by, 406-409.

--, H., _quoted_, 408.

--, K., _quoted_, 408.

Galton, Mr., _cited_, 65, 96.

Garrison, Mr., case of, 272.

Gauss, case of, 66, 68.

Genius-- Aberrant manifestation, considered as, 56. Definition of, 20, 56, 60-61. Growth, analogy with, 82. Hallucinations resembling inspirations of, 178. Hypnotism and automatism in relation to, 72, 80-81. Hysteria in relation to, 41, 53. Inspirations of, 63-73, 80, 173, 179. Internal vision of, 173. Irregularities of, 76-77. Lombroso's theories as to, 56, 74. Nature of, 20, 63-64. Normal, the best type of, 57, 61-63. Origin of, 89-90. Potential in all men, 63. Scope of term, 56-57. Sensitive's faculties, relation to, 83-84. Sleep and, analogy between, 104. Socrates, case of, 83-34, 266. Stevenson, R. L., case of, 356. Subjective rather than objective effects the real test of, 60-61. Subliminal perceptions, the co-ordinated effect of, 58, 63-73, 80. Substitution of control in, 301. Telepathy and telæsthesia, relation to, 84-85. Visual images of, 179.

Geometrical patterns and subliminal mentation, 69-70.

Germany, work on hypnotism in, 120.

Ghosts, _see_ Discarnate Spirits.

Gibert, Dr., experiments by, 160, 185, 382-383.

_Gift of D. D. Home_, The, _cited_, 319 _note_, 320 _note_.

Glanvil, Richard, _cited_, 7 _note_{1}.

Goerwitz, E. F., _cited_, 317 _note_{1}.

Goethe, _cited_, 184.

Goodall, Edward A., case of, 315, 448-449.

Goodhart, S. P., _cited_, 47 _note_{2}.

Goodrich-Freer, Miss, _cited_, 180 _note_; crystal-gazing experiments of, 103, 365.

Gottschalk, Mr., case of, 206.

_Grande Hysterie chez l'Homme, La_, _cited_, 49 _note_{1}, 379 _note_.

Grant, Mr. Cameron, case of, _cited_, 221 _note_{1}, 273 _note_.

Green, Mrs., case of, 238.

Griesinger, _cited_, 96.

Gurney, Edmund-- Cases investigated by, 108, 320, 369. _Cited_, 5, 9 _and note_[1], 107 _note_, 111, 112, 125, 130-131, 137, 147 _note_, 152, 160-161, 174, 188, 189, 192, 198, 206, 207, 215, 225, 235, 238, 242, 243, 255, 260, 274-275, 396, 433. _Quoted_, 222-224, 397, 398, 399, 430.

Guthrie, Malcolm, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

Hall, Miss, case of, _cited_, 237.

----, Prof. Stanley, _cited_, 33 _and note_.

Hallucinations-- Accidents, at time of, 106-107, 208. Arrival cases, 194, 384-385. Auditory, 245-246. Bystander the percipient of, 387-390. Collective cases, 187, 194-196, 198-199, 200, 306. Crises other than death, connected with, 193, 208, 390-391. Death, at or near time of, _see_ Death--Apparitions. Death-compacts prematurely fulfilled, 209. Discarnate spirits, of, _see_ Discarnate Spirits--Apparitions. Experimental production of, 209-211. Genius, resembling inspirations of, 178. Healthy subjects, of, 192 _and note_. Hyperæsthesiæ, defined as, 173. Hypnotism in relation to, 148, 178. Living, of the-- Cases of, 390-399. Continuous series from, to those of the dead, 9-10. Morbid, 179. Optical laws not followed in, case of, 386-387. Premonitory dream, 106-109, 371-373. Projection of figures by agent, 409. Promises, in fulfilment of, 418-420. Psychorrhagic cases, 193-198. Repetition of, 194-195. Report of Census of, _cited_, 174 _and note_, 192, 193, 226, 233; _quoted_, 390-391, 400-405, 418-420. Spirit excursion in relation to, 177-178. Threefold classification of, 220. Veridical-- Nature of, 175-177, 216-217; two-fold nature of, 306. Types of, apparently outside scope of telepathy, 188-189. Waking, 206-207.

Hamilton, Duchess of, vision of, 370.

Handwriting, automatic, _see_ Motor Automatism--Writing.

Hanna, Rev. Thos. C., case of, 47-48.

Harriss, Miss, case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.

Hart, Mr., communication from, after death, 332.

Hartmann, Dr. Von, _cited_, 70-71.

Haunting-- Cases of, 244, 421-429. Earth-bound spirits, by, 241. Theories as to, 215-216, 247-251. Unconscious, possibility of, 244. Veridical after-images, 215-216.

Hawkins, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 195 _and note_[1].

Haydon, genius of, 60.

Hearing, _see_ Audition.

Hector, Mr., case of, 237.

_Herald, The_ (Dubuque, Iowa), case reported in, 412.

Hernaman, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 227 _note_{2}.

Herschel, Sir John, _quoted_, 69.

Heteræsthesiæ-- Hypnotism, produced by, 142, 144-145. Organic substances, evoked by, 378, 380.

Highest-level nerve-centres, function of, 57.

Hill, Dr., _cited_, 137 _note_{2}.

----, Rev. R. M., case of, 227.

Hilprecht, Dr. Herman V., cases of, 103, 365-369.

----, J. C., _quoted_, 367.

_History of Rationalism_, _cited_, 4.

Hodgson, Dr. Richard-- Cases: attested by, 405-409; investigated by, 438-440, 449-451. _Cited_, 181, 297, 324, 328. _Quoted_, 327-328, 332-333, 335-336, 409.

Hoffmann, M. M., case attested by, 421.

Holiness, definition of, 354.

Home. D. D.-- Case of, 24, 158, 318-319, 327, 337. Literature concerning, 319 _note_--320.

----, Madame Dunglas, _cited_, 319 _note_, 320 _note_.

Homer, _cited_, 96 _and note_.

Horse-asthma, 380.

Hugo, Victor, 283.

Hydrozoon, analogy from, 30.

Hyperæsthesia-- Auditory, 270. Cases of, 270, 324. Hypnotism, produced by, 142-145. Tactile, 271. Telæsthesia in relation to, 201, 202.

Hypermnesia, 324.

Hypnagogic visions, 96, 97.

Hypnogenous zones, hypnotic trance induced by pressure on, 124.

Hypnopompic visions, 96-97.

Hypnosis-- External stimuli, place of, in producing, 120, 122-125. Highest level centres active in, 37-38, 151, 154. Middle level centres: active in, 148-149: under control of higher centres if necessary, 154. Mono-ideism a misleading term for, 137. Narcosis contrasted with, 123. Nature of, 116-117. Normal state of organism the effect of, 39. Prolonged, effects of, 93-94. Sleep, relation to, 122.

Hypnotism-- Agoraphobia cured by, 136. Anæsthetic agent, as, 138-141. Analgesia induced by, 138-141. Animals, sensibility of, to, 123-124. Attention, influence on, 137-142, 153. Charcot's school of, 121. Children susceptible to, 133-134 _and notes_. Claustrophobia cured by, 136. Community of sensation between hypnotiser and subject, 162. Consciousness under, 131-132 _and note_. Crimes not committed under, 37, 154. Crystal-visions, as a factor in seeing of, 181. Cures effected by, 122; classes of cases treated by, 133 _note_--134 _and note_. Definition of term, 53-54, 156. Delirium tremens, suggestibility developed during recovery from, 123, 135. Development of, 5. Distance no bar to, 160, 185. Dreams remembered under, 30. Dynamogenic effects of-- Attention and character, on, 151-155. Imagination, on, 147. Perceptive faculties, on, 142-145. Vaso-motor system, on, 145-146. Education, value in, 133-134 _and notes_, 153. Effluence theory, 127, 159, 160-161. Empirical development of sleep, considered as, 20. Epilepsy, applied to, 46. Faith cures in relation to, 166-167. Future of, 163. Genius and automatism in relation to, 80-81. ---- ---- sleep in relation to, 72. Hallucinations in relation to, 148, 178. Heteræsthesiæ produced by, 142, 144-145. Hyperæsthesiæ produced by, 142-145. Hysterical hypnogenous zones, trance induced by pressure on, 124. _Idées fixes_, cured by, 34, 138. Inhibition by-- Choice in exercise of faculty made possible by, 141-142. Education and training of children, value in, 133 _and note_--134 _and note_. Memory, as applied to, 137. Moral results of, 133-136. Pain, effect on, 139-141. Intellectual work done under, 152. Jealousy, influence on, 136-137. Kleptomania cured by, 134-135. Maladies cured by aid of, 120. Maniacs, in cases of, 125. Memory in-- Alternations in, 131. Exactness of, 152. Post-epileptic state of, 46. Purgation of, 137. Relation to dream memory, 99-101. Secondary restored, 47. Somnambulistic memory a part of, 156. Wider scope of, than of waking memory, 130-131. Monotonous stimulation, by, 125-126. Moral training and reform by, 133-135 _and notes_, 155, 381-382. Morphia habit cured by, 135-136 _and note_[1]. Music and, 261. Mysophobia cured by, 136. Nancy school of, 158. Narcotic drugs in relation to, 122-123. Operations performed under, 120. Pain treated by, 138-141. Passes, procured by means of, 119-120, 126, 158-159. "Phobies" cured by, 136. Pioneer work in study of, 117-122. Possession externally indistinguishable from, 301. Post-hypnotic suggestions, three main types of, 219. _Rapport_ in, 162. Red light in relation to, 261. Salpêtrière school of, 121, 123, 132 _note_, 147 _note_, 308, 381. Self-suggestion in-- Braid's discovery of, 120. Fahnestock's results in, 121. Nature of, 129. Neuro-muscular changes produced by, 128-129. Schemes of, 127-128, 163-165. Stimuli, external, merely signals for action of, 125. Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129. Sexual disorders cured by, 135. Sleep in relation to, 72, 121-122, 123. Somatic signs of, 121. Somnambulic state contrasted with, 137. Squint, convergent, produced by, 120, 125-126. Stages of-- Charcot's three stages, 130; depth of, 131; Gurney's two stages, 130-131. Stigmatisation due to self-suggestion, 146 _and notes_. Subliminal operation in, 129-130, 132, 143, 147-149. Suggestion in-- Braid's discovery, 120. Nature of, 126-127. Mode of action unknown, 159. Responsiveness to, requisite, 122-123. Telæsthesia in relation to, 149-150. Telepathic, 158-163, 382-383. Telepathic _v._ physical influence, 160-161. Travelling clairvoyance under, 163. Will-power, effect on, 153-154.

_Hypnotism_ (Dr. Bramwell), _cited_, 120 _note_{2}, 126 _note_, 129 _note_.

_Hypnotisme, Double Conscience, etc._, _cited_, 361 _note_.

_Hypnotisme et l'Orthopédie morale, L'_, _cited_, 134 _note_.

_Hypnotismus und seine Anwendung in der praktischen Medicin, Der_, _cited_, 135 _note_{2}.

Hyslop, Prof., _cited_, 333 _and note_.

Hysteria-- Anæsthesia in-- Accidents avoided in, 37, 38. Fanciful areas of, 37, 38. Organic disease unnoticed in, 39. Patches of (witch marks), 124. Sensibilities, separation of, 52. Unconscious, 36-39. Aphasia in, 52. Genius in relation to, 41, 53. Hyperæsthesia in, 52-53. Nature, of 40. Predisposition to, causes of, 40-42. Types of, 35. Visual area reduced in, 38-39. Witches, of, 5.

_Idées fixes_-- Disaggregation, first symptom of, 33. Enthusiasts of, 41-42. Hypnotic cure of, 34, 138. Nature of, 33-34.

Identity of discarnate spirits, cases offering proofs of, 433-439.

_Illusions hypnagogiques_, 96, 179, 182.

Imagination, effect of hypnotism on, 147.

Improvisation, 81, 82.

Inaudi, Jacques, case of, 64 _note_.

_Incidents in my Life_ (D. D. Home), _cited_, 319 _note_.

Inhibition-- Hypnotic, _see under_ Hypnotism. Socrates, case of, 268.

Inorganic matter, spiritual influence exerted on, 312-314.

_Inquiry into Human Faculty_, _cited_, 96.

Insane, drawings of the, 265 _note_{1}.

Inspiration the effect of subliminal uprush, 56, 65.

_Instauratio magna_, _cited_, 341.

_Introduction of Mesmerism with sanction of Government into the Public Hospitals of India, The_, _cited_, 139 _note_.

Jackson, Dr. Hughlings, _cited_, 57.

James, Prof. W., _cited_, 46, 48 _note_, 69 _note_{3}, 295 _note_, 327, 328 _and note_; _quoted_, 276 _note_, 329.

Janet, Dr. Jules, cases of patients of, 36-37; experiment by, 130.

----, Dr. Pierre, cases of patients of, 359-361, 382; _cited_, 36-37, 34 _and note_[1], 38-39, 48, 101 _note_{3}, 123, 146 _note_, 147 _note_, 275, 308 _note_{2}; _quoted_, 36, 85-86.

Jealousy cured by hypnotism, 136-137.

Jeanne des Anges, Soeur, _cited_, 277 _note_.

Jesus Christ, resurrection and teachings of, 351.

Joan of Arc, case of, 266-268.

Johnson, Miss A., _cited_, 174 _note_.

----, Samuel, 7 _note_{1}.

Johnstone, Rev. J. C., _quoted_, 110-111.

Jones, Mr. F. J., case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.

Jowett, Prof., _cited_, 86 _note_.

Kant, Immanuel, _cited_, 6, 317 _note_{1}.

Kapnist, Countess Eugénie, apparition seen by, 240, 418-420.

Kardec, Allan, _cited_, 283.

Keulemans, Mr., case of, _cited_, 181, 227 _note_{2}.

Kingsford, Dr. Anna, 283.

Kleptomania cured by hypnotism, 134-135.

Kobbé, Major, case of, 272.

Krafft, Ebing, Dr. R. von, case of patient of, 98-99; _cited_, 146 _note_.

Kubla Khan, inspiration of, 104.

L., Mr., case of, 186-187.

--, Mrs., dream of, 445-446.

Ladame, _cited_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}.

Ladd, Prof., _cited_, 70 _and note_.

Lamartine, _quoted_, 71.

Lang, Andrew, _cited_, 180 _note_, 232 _note_{2}, 266 _note_, 267 _note_{1}.

Language, inadequacy of, in expressing needs of the psychical being, 77-78.

Lao Tzu, religion of, 349.

Lateau, Louise, case of, _cited_, 146 _note_.

Leaf, Dr. Walter, _cited_, 328 _and note_.

Lecky, Mr., _cited_, 4.

Lefébure, M., _cited_, 284.

Lemaître, Prof., _cited_, 284.

Léonie, case of, 308, 309.

Lett, Charles A. W., case reported by, 241-242.

----, Sara, apparition seen by, 242.

Lewis, Mr., dream of, _cited_, 106.

----, H. J., _quoted_, 364.

Liébeault, Dr. A. A.-- Cases of patients of, 220, 291, 294. _Cited_, 123 _note_, 130, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 142 _note_, 143 _and note_[1], 155 _note_. Hypnotic school originated by, 121. _Quoted_, 432-433.

Life-- Continuity of, presumptive proof of, 184. Dual existence in material and spiritual world, 114-116. Etherial world, a product of, 76. Nature of, human ignorance of, 187-188. Passion for, a factor in universal energy, 344. Planetary origin of, an unproven theory, 74.

Light-- Magnetic, 379. Red, dynamometrical power increased by, 261.

Lightfoot, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 240.

_Livre des Esprits_, _cited_, 283.

Lodge, Sir Oliver, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}, 328 _and note_.

Lombroso, Prof., _cited_, 56.

Long, Geo. E., _quoted_, 431-432.

Lourdes, miracles of, 128, 164-165.

Love-- Definition of, 85, 344-345. Earth-loves, persistence of, in spirit world, 350-351. Planetary conception of, 85-86. Platonic conception of, 85-89. Underlying Power of the Universe, as, 347-349.

Lowest level nerve-centres, function of, 57.

Lucidité, _see_ Clairvoyance _and_ Telæsthesia.

Luther, Prof., _quoted_, 445-446.

----, Mrs. case of, 315.

Lyttelton, Hon. Mrs., 389.

M., Mrs., case of, _cited_, 244 _note_.

--, Marie, case of, 47.

--, S., _quoted_, 71.

Mabille, Dr., _cited_, 146 _note_.

Mabire, M. Etienne, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

McAlpine, Mrs., apparition seen by, 390-391.

M'Kendrick, Prof., _cited_, 125.

_Macmillan's Magazine_, _cited_, 146 _note_.

Maginot, Adèle, case of, 318.

Magnetic sense, 379.

Magnetism of the earth, 378.

Magnets, sensibility to, 379.

Mahomedanism, 352.

Maitland, Edward, 283.

_Making of Religion_, _cited_, 180 _note_.

_Maladies de la Personnalité, Les_, _quoted_, 11-12.

Mamtchitch, Eugène, apparition seen by, 315, 400-405.

----, Sophie, apparition seen by, 404-405.

Mangiamele, case of, 66, 67.

Maniacs, hypnotisation of, 125.

Manning, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 112 _note_.

Mannors, Elisa, automatic writings by, 332-333.

Marot, Dr., _cited_, 136 _note_.

Martian control of Hélène Smith, 284-285.

Martin, Mrs., case contributed by, 387-388.

Mason, Dr. R. Osgood, case of patient of, 50-51.

Massive motor impulses, 272-273.

Maury, M. Alfred, _cited_, 96.

_Mauvaise honte_ cured by hypnotism, 137.

Medical clairvoyance, _see under_ Clairvoyance.

_Medico-Legal Journal_, _cited_, 48.

Mediumship--a healthy faculty, 280-281; communications possibly affected by character of medium, 324.

_Melbourne Argus_, _cited_, 111.

_Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire et à l'Etablissement du magnetism Animal_, _cited_, 119 _note_.

Memory-- Alternating personalities, in, 131, 310-311. Crystal-vision, subliminal memory reproduced by, 103. Dream-- Capricious nature of, 310-311. Relation to waking and hypnotic memories, 99-100. Ecmnesia, _see that title_. Hypnotism, in, _see under_ Hypnotism. Hysteria, heightened in, 309. Multiple personality, in, 51. Possession, memory of controlling spirit evident in, 298-299. Post-epileptic, 46, 47. Secondary personality, of, 46-48. Somnambulistic, 156. Subliminal continuous, 15. Trance memory of spiritual world, 299.

Mesmer, work of, 5, 117, 118, 119.

Mesmerism-- Nervous effluence theory of, 119. Sensibility to objects treated by, 380.

_Mesmerism in India_, _cited_, 139 _note_.

Mesnet, Dr., case of, _cited_, 45 _note_.

Metetherial environment, 9 _and note_{2}, 166.

"Methectic," 217 _note_{2}.

Mettalæsthesia, 378-379.

Middle-level nerve centres-- Function of, 57. Unchecked rule of, in post-epileptic states, 45.

Mill, John Stuart, _cited_, 72.

Mind-reading, _see_ Muscle-reading.

_Mind_, _cited_, 143 _note_{2}.

_Mind-cure, Faith-cure, and the Miracles of Lourdes_, _cited_, 165 _note_.

Mitchell, Rev. G. W., _cited_, 316 _note_.

Moberly, Mrs. Alfred, planchette experiments by, 287.

_Modern spiritualism; a History and a criticism_, _cited_, 313 _note_{1}.

Moncrieff, Major, case of, _cited_, 227 _note_{2}.

Mondeux, case of, 66, 67.

Mono-ideism, 137, 147.

Moral nature, splits in, 308.

Moral training and reform, hypnotism in, 133-135.

Morphia habit cured by hypnotism, 135-136 _and note_.

Morton, Miss R. C., apparition seen by, 421-429.

Moses, W. Stainton-- Case of, 24, 158, 274, 297, 298, 300, 314, 315, 319-327 337, 441-445. _Spirit Teachings_ by, 321, 323.

Motor automatism-- Anagrams automatically written, 264. Definition of term, 168-169. Dissolutive and evolutive, 254-255. Dowsing, 269.

Drawing, 264-265 _and note_[1]. Genius and hypnotism, relation to, 80-81. Idiognomonic, 258. Inhibitions, 269-272. Modes of, 273-274. Nunciative character of, 258-268. Possession, _see that title_. Range of, 259. Scope of, 21. Sensibility to motor impulses, 272-273. Sensory automatism: connected with, 268; compared with, 274. Speech, 274. Spirit drawings, 78-79. Spirit rapping, 262-264. Table-tilting, 262-264, 400-401. Teleological, 285-286. Writing (hand-)-- Cases of, 291-292, 360. Moses, W. S., case of, _see_ Moses. Spirit control, considered as proof of, 290. Writing (planchette-), cases of, 287-289, 433-437. Writing (hand- and planchette-),-- Contents of messages, classification of, 275-276. Early investigations of, 274-275. Knowledge evidenced in, sources of, 291-296. Literary style of, 78. Secondary personality, by, 275. Sources of, 275-276. Subliminal centres regulating, 58-59. Subliminal self, messages from, 276-278.

Mount-Temple, Lady, 320.

Multiple Personality, cases of, 49-51; memory in, 51.

_Multiple Personality_, _cited_, 47 _note_{2}.

_Murray's Magazine_, _cited_, 395 _note_.

Muscle-reading, 259-260.

Muscular resistance, sense of, in relation to subliminal mentation, 69.

Music, symbolism of, 79.

Musical execution, subliminally initiated, 273.

Musset, De, _quoted_, 71.

Myers, Dr. A. T., _cited_, 165 _note_, 174 _note_, 382.

----, F. W. H., 328; _cited_, 165 _note_.

Mysophobia cured by hypnotism, 136.

_Myth, Ritual and Religion_, _cited_, 232 _note_.

Nagel, _cited_, 144 _note_.

Nancy School of Hypnotism, 121, 158.

Narcosis, hypnosis contrasted with, 123.

Narcotics, _see_ Drugs.

Nasse, _cited_, 120 _note_{1}.

_Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance_, _cited_, 139 _note_, 160 _note_{1}.

Neilson, _cited_, 135 _note_{2}.

Nerve cells, controlled by subliminal self, 34.

Nervous development, modern, rapidity of, 73-74.

Nevius, Dr., _cited_, 307, 309.

_Nevroses et Idées Fixes_, _cited_, 45 _note_{1}, 101 _note_{3}; case _quoted_ from, 359-361.

Newbold, Prof. W. Romaine, case recorded by, 365; _cited_, 307, 328 _and note_; _quoted_, 103.

Newell, E. J., _quoted_, 364-365.

Newnham, Mr., case of, _cited_, 112 _note_.

----, Mrs., case of, 287-288, 295-296, 308.

----, Rev. P. H., case of, 287-989, 295-296.

_Nineteenth Century_, _cited_, 320 _note_.

Nordau, Dr. Max, _cited_, 56.

Normal-- Genius the best type of, 20, 57, 61-63. Misuse of word, 61.

Normandie, Rev. C. Y., de, _quoted_, 440.

_Northern Standard_, _quoted_, 391.

_Notes of Séances with D. D. Home_, _cited_, 320 _note_.

_Observations de Médecine Pratique_, _cited_, 150 _note_, 157 _note_, 381.

Occult Wisdom, 339.

_On the so-called Divining Rod_, _cited_, 378.

Pain-- Dream memory of, 140. Hypnotic suppression of, 138-141. Memory of, 140-141. Psychological entity, treated as, 140. Sense of, distinguished from temperature sense in hysteria, 52. Suggestion in removing, 140.

Painting, automatic, 273.

Palladia, apparitions of, 400-405.

Parsons, Dr. D. J., case of, _quoted_, 271.

----, Dr. J. W., _quoted_, 272.

Parry, Mrs. Gambier, _quoted_, 421.

"Peak in Darien" cases, 233.

Pelham, George, control of, 235.

Pennée, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 244 _note_.

Percipient, definition of term, 9 _note_{3}.

Perception-- Distant, 201. Power of, 149-150.

Personality-- Common-sense view of, 11, 13. Co-ordination theory, 11-13, 26-27, 31. Cosmic and planetary, simultaneous development of, 114-115, 165-166. Dissociation of, 190-191, 196-197. Dual, 356-359. Hypnotic stratum of, 35, 37. Knowledge, new, not evidenced in changes of, 310, 311. Multiplex, 216. Psychological view of, 11-12. Secondary, _see_ Secondary personality. Supraliminal life regarded as privileged case of, 169. Upbuilding of, notion of, 32.

Perturbation masking evolution, 357.

Pesaro, experiments of, 301.

Pessimistic views of life, 348.

Pététin, _cited_, 150 _note_, 381.

Petrovo-Solovovo, Mr. M., case collected by, 416-417.

_Phædo_, _cited_, 213.

Phantasmogenetic centres, 177, 188, 196, 197.

Phantasms-- Discarnate spirits, of, _see_ Discarnate Spirits--Apparitions. Living, of the, 193-198, 205-207, 209-210.

_Phantasms of the Dead from another point of view_, _cited_, 409 _note_.

_Phantasms of the Living_, _cited_, 5, 9, 96, 108, 112 _and note_, 113 _note_{1}, 160 _note_{1}, 174, 185 _and note_[1], 188, 195 _notes_, 199 _and note_, 200 _notes_, 206, 207 _notes_, 208, 209 _and notes_, 210 _note_{1}, 217 _note_{1}, 223 _and note_[2], 224 _and note_, 225, 226, 227 _and note_[1], 233, 234 _note_{2}, 236 _and note_, 237, 240, 241, 243, 272, 291; _quoted_, 106-107, 205-206, 370-374, 384-385, 387-388, 392-396, 420, 430.

_Phême_, _cited_, 185.

_Philosophy of Mysticism_, _cited_, 43 _note_.

_Philosophy of the Unconscious_, _cited_, 71.

Pierce, A. H., _cited_, 14 _note_.

Piper, Mrs.-- Case of, 158, 189, 285, 297-300, 307, 309, 314, 315, 318, 319, 326-333, 337, 448. "George Pelham" control of, _quoted_, 336.

Pitres, Dr., 124.

Planchette, _see_ Motor Automatism--Writing.

Plants, sensibility to presence of certain, 380.

Plato-- _Cited_, 137, 213, 217, _note_{2}, 282. Love, conception of, 85, 86-89. Pre-terrene training, theory as to, 91.

Plotinus, _quoted_, 352-355.

Plutarch, _cited_, 267 _note_{2}.

Podmore, Frank, _cited_, 9, 14 _note_, 174 _note_, 185 _note_{2}, 238, 244, 313 _note_{1}, 318, 409.

_Points de repère_, 181, 182.

Pole, W., _quoted_, 66.

Pole-Carew, Mrs., case attested by, 388-389.

Poltergeist phenomena, 246.

Possession-- Analogies for, 300-302, 307, 310-311. Angelic, diabolical or hostile, no evidence for, 307-310. Brain function in, 305. Cases of, 446-451. Chinese, 307, 309. Definition of term, 274, 298, 300. Demoniacal, 307-310, 359. Ecstasy, merging into, 314-315. Evidence for, 297-298. Home, D. D., case of, 318-319. Janet's treatment of, 361. Memory in, 298-299. Moses case, _see_ Moses. Motor automatism contrasted with, 297. Nature of, 300-303, 311. Piper, Mrs., case of, _see_ Piper. Place of, in psychical phenomena, 299-300. Pseudo-, 51, 359-361. Simulation of, in somnambulistic state, 157-158. Spirit possession-- Difficulties of controlling spirit in, 335-337. Home, D. D., case of, 319. Piper, Mrs., case of, discussed, 330-333. Subliminal self, as the domination of, 315-316, 318, 324, 325. Two or more spirits, by, 298.

Potolof, W., case attested by, 405.

Prayer, relation of, to telepathy, 184.

Precognition-- Death, of, 232, 370. Dreams, in, 107-112. Telepathy from discarnate spirits, defined as, 187.

Prince, Dr. Morton, case of patient of, 49 _and note_[2], 308.

_Principles of Psychology_, _cited_, 48 _note_, 69 _note_{3}.

Prolongeau, case of, 66, 67.

Proust, Dr., case of patient of, 46-47.

Proximity of plants and animals, sensibility to, 380.

Prudhomme, M. Sully, _quoted_, 71.

Psychical invasion-- Cases of, 193-198, 337; where agent has no memory of circumstance, 208; where agent and percipient retain memory of, 199-200, 209; where neither agent nor percipient retain memory of, 198-199. Dreams, in, 105, 112. Dying, by, 113. Ecstasy in relation to, 314. Evidence for, 302, 337-338. Living persons, of, 112-113. Telepathy almost indistinguishable from, 294.

Psychical Research, Christian evidence supported by, 352.

_Psychische Studien_, _cited_, 433.

_Psychological Review, The_, _quoted_, 329.

Psychology, advance in, during last twenty years, 279-280.

_Psychology of Suggestion_, _cited_, 47 _note_{2}.

Psychorrhagic diathesis, 196-197.

_Psycho-Thérapie_, _cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 139 _note_.

Psycho-therapeutics, development of, 5.

Pythagoras, 283.

_Quarterly Journal of Science_, _cited_, 320 _note_.

Quicherat, M., _cited_, 266, 267.

R., Mr. Van, of Utica, case of, 66, 67.

Ramsay, Mrs., apparition seen by, 394-395.

Raphael's San Sisto, inspiration of, 173.

Rarey, _cited_, 123.

Rawson, Henry G., _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

_Recent Experiments in Crystal Vision_, _cited_, 180 _note_.

_Recherches Physiologiques sur l'Homme_, _cited_, 119 _note_.

_Recherches sur l'Homme dans le Somnambulisme_, _cited_, 157 _note_, 381.

_Record of a Haunted House_, _cited_, 421.

Red Light in hypnotism, 261.

Reddell, Frances, apparition seen by, 387-388.

Reed, Colonel, case of, _cited_, 200.

----, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.

Regis, _cited_, 135 _note_{1}.

Reichenbach, Baron, 379.

Reid, _quoted_, 11.

Reincarnation, doctrine of, 282-285.

_Religio-Philosophical Journal_, _cited_, 51 _note_{3}, 370-371, 437 _note_.

Religion-- Ancient Sage, of, 349-50. Buddha, of, 349, 352-353. Christianity, 342, 346, 349-350. Definition of, 85, 89, 347. Ideals of, 347-348. Natural, 349-350. Old-world beliefs not adapted to modern needs, 342. Oracular, development of, 346. Science, complementary to, 25, 354; scientific methods applied to truths of, 341. Synthesis of, provisional sketch for, 347-355.

Renterghem, Dr. van, hypnotic cures by, 117; _cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 139 _note_.

_Report of the International Congress of Experimental Psychology_, _cited_, 170 note.

_Report on Spiritualism of the Committee of the London Dialectical Society_, _cited_, 319 _note_.

_Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism_, _cited_, 320 _note_.

_Retrocognition and Precognition_, _cited_, 245 _note_.

Retté, M., _cited_, 71.

Revelation, telepathy a means for continuous, 350.

_Rêves, Les_, _cited_, 98, 101 _note_{2}.

_Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, _cited_, 46 _note_, 52 _note_, 101 _note_{1}, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _notes_[1] _and_ [2], 136 _note,_ 137 _note_{1}, 139, 140 _note_{1}, 142 _note_, 146 _note_, 147 _note_, 153 _note_{1}, 155 _note_, 170 _note_, 272 _note_, 382.

_Revue de Médecine_, _cited_, 101 _note_{3}.

_Revue Philosophique_, _cited_, 64 _note_, 139 _note_{1}, 143 _note_{2}, 150 _note_, 152 _note_{2}, 308 _note_{2}, 382, 430.

_Revue Scientifique_, _quoted_, 365 _and note_.

Reynolds, Mary, case of, 48-49.

Ribot, Mr., _quoted_, 11-12, 71-72.

Richet, Prof., work of, 121; table-tilting experiments of, 430; _cited_, 185 _note_{1}, 263, 287, 446; _quoted_, 448.

Ringier, Georg, _cited_, 133 _note_, 135 _note_{2}.

_Riverine Herald_, _cited_, 111.

Romances, inward, 279.

Rose-asthma, 380.

Rossi-Pagnoni, Prof., experiments by, 290.

Royce, Prof., _cited_, 69 _and note_[1]; case attested by, 405-406.

Rybalkin, Dr. J., _cited_, 146 _note_.

Safford, Prof., case of, 66-67.

S. Augustine, _cited_, 184.

S. Brieux, Bishop of, vision of, 244-245.

S. Ilma, case of, _cited_, 146 _note_.

Saint-Saens, _cited_, 71.

S. Theresa, 5-6.

Salpêtrière School of Hypnotism, 121, 123, 132 _note_, 147 _note_, 308, 381.

Sand, George, method of work of, 82.

Sanders, Rev. C. B. (X + Y = Z), case of, 316 _and note_.

"Scheme of Vital Faculty," 313-314.

Schiller, Mr., case of, 278-279.

Schmoll, Herr Anton, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

Schneller, Fräulein, case communicated by, 375-376.

Schrenck-Notzing, _cited_, 133 _note_, 185 _note_{1}.

Science-- Methods of, applied to psychology, 1-3. Religion, complementary to, 25, 354.

Scripture, Dr., _cited_, 64 _note_, 65; _quoted_, 67.

Searle, Mr., case of, 207.

Secondary personality-- Defective integration of psychical being, cases due to, 45-48. Diabolical possession a phase of, 308. Emotionally selected, 44. Fictitious, 48. Improvement on primary, 48-49, 51. Memory of, lost to primary, 46, 47; recovered under hypnotism, 46-48. Motor automatisms by, 295. Possession, possible confusion with, 307. _Post-epileptic states_, 45-46. Primary superseded by, 48-49, 51. Somnambulic, 45, 156-157. Stevenson, R. L., case of, 356-359. X., Félida, case of, 361-363.

"Seeress of Prevorst," _cited_, 317 _note_{2}.

Self-projection, 210-211.

Self-suggestion-- Automatisms, range of, increased by, 152. Charms as means to, efficacy of, 164. Pain suppressed by, 140. Schemes of, 127-128. Stigmatisation due to, 146 _and notes_. Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129. Witchcraft explained as, 5.

_Sensation et Mouvement_, _cited_, 261 _note_.

Sense Organs-- Perceptive power independent of, 149-150. Specialised, 169-171. Transposition of faculties of, 149-150.

Sensibility-- Drugs, to, 122-123. Magnets, to, 379.

Synæsthesiæ of, 170 _and notes_, 171. Transition from undifferentiated, to specialisation of sense, 170-171.

Sensitives, spirit perception of, 335.

Sensory automatism-- Causes predisposing to, in healthy persons, 174-175. Genius and hypnotism, relation to, 80-81. Hallucinations, _see that title_. Motor automatism: connected with, 268; compared with, 274. Nature of, 20-21. Scope of term, 168. Telepathy the prerequisite for, 183.

Sewall, Frank, _cited_, 317 _note_{1}.

Shell-hearing, 201.

Shock, effects of, on human beings and animals, 123.

Sidgwick, Mrs., experiments of, 131; case attested by, 387; _cited_, 161, 162 _note_{2}, 174 _note_, 185 _note_{1}, 246 _note_; _quoted_, 111, 247 _and note_-250 _and note_.

Sidgwick, Professor, case of, _cited_, 277 _note_; case investigated by, 411; _cited_, 9 _note_{1}, 108, 162 _note_{2}, 174 _note_, 185 _note_{1}; _quoted_, 111.

Sidis, Dr. Boris, 47 _and note_[2].

Skae, Dr. David, case of patient of, 48.

Skirving, Mr., case of, 272.

Sleep-- Characteristics of, 93-94, 113-114. Clairvoyant excursions during, 301. Cosmic personality developed during, 114-115. Definition of, 20. Ecstasy, connection with, 116. Faculties of, analogy between those of Genius and, 104. Hyperæsthesia of, 97. Hypnotism in relation to, 72, 121-122, 131. Imagination, intense, during, 97. Psychical excursion during, 302. Recuperative powers of, 94-95, 97, 113. Rocking, induced by, 126. Somnambulism, relation to, 95. Spiritual functions of subliminal self during, 156. Subliminal self directing, 116. Submerged faculty, indicating existence of, 53. Telepathy and telæsthesia in, 105, 114, 116.

Smell, subliminal sense of, 271.

Smith, G. M., _cited_, 287 _and note_[1].

----, H. Babington, _cited_, 291.

----, H. Arthur, cases of, 277 _and note_--278.

----, Mlle. Hélène-- Case of, discussed, 280-286; _cited_, 324. Martian landscapes of, 265 _note_{1}

----, J. W., _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

Smyth, Sibbie (née Towns), apparition seen by, 242.

Snow, Herman, _cited_, 437 _note_.

_Société de Psychologie Physiologique_, paper presented to, _cited_, 382.

Society for Psychical Research-- Address of Secretary, 293 _note_. American, _Proceedings of_, case from, 226 _note_, _cited_, 51 _note_{2}, 69 _note_{1}, 102 _note_, 243 _note_{1}, 244 _note_, 246 _note_, 295 _note_, 405. Census of Hallucinations undertaken by, 174 _and note_; Report of, _see under_ Hallucinations. Founding of, 9 _note_{1}. Journal of-- Cases _quoted_ from, 385-386, 445, 449-451. _Cited_, 51 _note_{3}, 102 _note_, 106 _note_, 107 _note_, 112 _note_, 113 _note_{2} 140 _note_{2}, 146 _note_, 151 _note_, 157 _note_, 185 _note_{2}, 188 _note_, 207 _note_{2}, 209 _and note_[1], 210 _note_{1}, 237, 238, 241 _notes_, 272, 285 _note_, 287 _note_{1}, 290 _note_, 320 _note_, 395, 409, 416 _note_. Object of, 313. _Proceedings of_, _cited_, 35 _and note_, 45 _note_{3}, 49 _notes_[2] _and_[3], 51 _note_{1}, 69 _note_{2}, 103 _note_, 106 _note_, 112 _note_, 120 _note_{2}, 124 _note_, 126 _note_, 128, 139 _note_, 141 _note_{2}, 142 _note_, 147 _note_, 148 _and note_, 152 _note_{1}, 155 _note_, 160 _note_{2}, 162 _notes_, 163 _note_{1}, 165 _note_, 173 _note_, 180 _note_, 181, 185 _note_{1}, 187, 192 _note_, 193, 195 _note_{2}, 209 _note_{2}, 210 _note_{1}, 215, 221 _notes_[1] _and_[2], 226, 231, 232 _and_ _note_{1}, 233, 234 _notes_[1] _and_[2], 236 _and note_, 237, 238, 239 _and note_, 241, 243 _and note_[2], 244, 245 _note_, 247 _and note_[1], 259 _and note_, 260, 263 _note_, 266 _note_{1}, 271 _notes_, 277 _and note_, 278 _and note_, 279, 285 _and note_, 287 _note_{2}, 288 _note_{1}, 289 _notes_, 290 _and note_, 292, 297, 301, 317 _note_{3}, 318, 320 _note_, 321, 324, 328 _note_, 329, 330, 332, 333 _and note_, 356, 378, 380, 382, 400, 409 _note_, 430; _quoted_, 177, 270, 271, 287, 327-328, 330-333, 364-366, 369-370, 375-376, 390-391, 405, 410, 412, 416, 418-420, 421, 433-437, 446-449. Test letters to be sent to, suggestions regarding, 293 _note_.

Socrates-- Dæmon of, 265-268. Science originated by, 6.

Solon, _quoted_, 117 _note_.

Solovovo, Michael Petrovo, _quoted_, 420.

Somnambulism-- Analogy from, for ghostly communications, 217-218. Characteristics of state of, 44. Hypnosis in relation to, 137, 156. Intellectual work done in state of, 156-157. Possession, parallelism with, 311. Secondary personality starting from, 44, 45. Sleep, relation to, 95. Spontaneous, 156. Supernormal powers evidenced in, 157

Space-- Phantasmogenetic centre, modification of part into, 195, 197. Spirit attitude towards, 176. Spiritual phenomena in relation to, 22. Telepathy, relation to, 22.

Speech, phantasmal, 241.

Speer, Dr., _cited_, 24.

Spirit-- Conception of, 59. Existence of, postulated, 27, 91-92.

Spirit drawings, 78-79.

_Spirit Drawings_, _cited_, 79 _note_, 265 _note_{1}.

Spirit guardianship, case of, 271-272.

Spirit healing, 164.

Spirit intervention, telepathy explained by theory of, 16-17.

Spirit possession, _see_ Possession.

Spirit rapping, 262-264.

_Spirit Teachings_, _cited_, 321, 323.

Spiritual environment, 165-166.

---- evolution, 340-346.

Spiritualism-- Fraud in connection with, 313, 329. Home, D. D., case of, _see_ Home. Methods of, 8. Moses, W. S., case of, _see_ Moses. Physical phenomena of, 313-314. Pioneer work in, 4 _et seq._ Piper, Mrs., case of, _see_ Piper. Support of, by subliminal-self theory, 16-17.

Stage-fright cured by hypnotism, 152.

_Statuvolism, or Artificial Somnambulism_, _cited_, 121, 163 _note_{1}; _quoted_, 381.

Stevenson, R. L.-- Dreams of, 72-73, 82-83, 97. Dual personality experiences of, 356-359. Genius of, 356.

Stigmatisation, 146 _and notes_.

Stone Age, 104, 299.

Storie, Mrs., case of, 108-112, 228-229, 235, 237.

Stramm, Mdlle., automatic message written by, 291-292.

Stubbing, Mrs. Annie S., _quoted_, 373.

_Studien über Hysterie_, _cited_, 41 _and note_[1].

_Study of Fears_, _cited_, 33 _and note_.

Sturgis, Dr. Russell, _cited_, 33 _note_.

_Subconscient chez les Artistes, les Savantes et les Ecrivains, Les_, _cited_, 71 _and note_.

Subliminal, definition of term, 15.

Subliminal power-- Functioning of, referred to control centres, 57-60. Potential, in every organism, 63.

Subliminal self-- Control of organism by, 151, 157. Cognisance of fragment of, 15. Definition of term, 15. Dominance of, over supraliminal self, 315. Functions of, 37. Imaginative faculty of, 147-149. Methods of communication with supraliminal self, 20-21. Nerve cells controlled by, 34. Powers of, compared with supraliminal, 277-278. Suggestion in relation to, 129. Surviving self, related to, 168. Telepathy explained by theory of, 16, 17.

_Subliminal Self or Unconscious Cerebration_, _cited_, 14 _note_.

Substitution of ideas, 361.

Suggestion-- Attention, effect on, 153. Character, influence on, 154-155. Cures effected by, 34. Delirium tremens, suggestibility developed during recovery from, 123, 135. Dynamogenic effect of, on attention and character, 151-155. Post-hypnotic, 260-261. Responsiveness to, requisite, 122-123. Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129. Will-power, influence on, 153-154.

_Suggestion Mentale, La_, _cited_, 263 _note_.

_Suggestions-Therapie bei krankhaften Erscheinungen des Geschlechissinnes, Die_, _cited_, 133 _note_.

Suicide-- Greek view of, 344. Phantasms in connection with, 200.

Supernormal, definition of term, 6 _note_{1}.

Survival-- Continuity, theory as to, 333-334. Evidence for, 9-10; nature of, 213. Scientific method not applied to problem of, 3. Telepathy the security of, 344. Tests of, 292-293 _and note_.

Swedenborg, Emmanuel-- Case of, 299. Debt of posterity to, 339. Evidential cases of, 316. Experiential and dogmatic writings of, 317. Psychical science originated by, 6-7, 9. Teachings of, corroborative of recent investigations, 317.

Symbolism, subliminal tendency to, 202-203.

Synæsthesia, 170 _and notes_--171.

Synthetic Society, papers read before, 350 _note_.

Syringomyelitis, anæsthesia of, 37.

T., case of, 382.

--, Mrs., case of, 373-375. _cited_, 234.

--, Mr. and Mrs., case of, _cited_, 112-113.

Table-tilting, 262-264, 400-401, 430-433, 438.

Tactile sensibility, hyperæsthesia of, 271.

Taine, M., _cited_, 98 _and note_[2].

Taunton, Mrs., case of, 207 _and note_[1].

Teale Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228.

Telæsthesia-- Cases of, 289-290. Crystal gazing or shell hearing, in, 201. Definition of term, 6 _note_{1}, 90, 105. Dreams in, 104-112, 114, 366-375. Genius, relation to, 84-85. Hyperæsthesia in relation to, 201, 202. Hypotheses explaining, 16. Parsons, Dr. D. J., case of, 271-272. Psychical invasion in relation to, 177, 199-205. Telepathy, relation to, 187.

Telekinesis, 313-314. 326; case of W. S. Moses, 320-322.

Telepathy-- Animals, between, 188 _note_. Brain vibrations in, theory of, 304. Collective cases, 187, 198-199. Conception of, 303-306. Crystal-vision, gift of, accompanied by sensibility to, 181-182. Definition of, 90, 105. Discarnate spirits, relation to, 187, 350. Distance, from, 160, 185. Evidence for, 183-189, 191. Evolutive nature of, 256 _and notes_. Experiments to prove, 185 _and notes_-186. Genius, relation to, 84-85. Ghostly communications in relation to, 216-217. Hypnosis induced by, 160, 162 _and note_[2], 382-383. Hypotheses explaining, 16-17. Inadequacy of term, 105. Language difficulties in, 285. Latency of impacts, 223-224, 228, 291. Law, fundamental, of spiritual world, as, 31. Newnham, Rev. P. H., case of, 287-289. Prayer in relation to, 184. Precognitive, 187, 189. Prerequisite for supernormal phenomena, as the, 183. Psychical invasion indistinguishable from, in motor automatism, 294. Savages, among, 256 _note_{1}. Sleep, relation to, 116. Spiritual excursion in relation to, 177. Split personality in relation to, 190-191. Subliminal selves, between, during sleep, 315. Survival, the security for, 9, 344. Table-tilting, by, 430-433, 438. Telæsthesia in relation to, 187. Three main types of communications in, 219-220. Time relations in, 187. Vibration theory of, 186-187.

Temperature sense distinguished from pain sense, 52.

Tennyson, _cited_, 184.

Teste, _cited_, 381.

Thaw, Dr. A. Blair, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

Theology, reason for avoiding, 10.

_Thérapeutique Suggestive_, _cited_, 123 _note_, 142 _note_, 143 _note_{1}.

Thorpe, Mr. Courtenay, 206.

Thought-transference, _see_ Telepathy.

Thoulet, Professor, case of, 315, 446-448.

Time-- Spiritual phenomena, in relation to, 22-23, 251. Subliminal mentation, in relation to, 68-69. Telepathy, in relation to, 187.

Tissié, Dr., _cited_, 98; case of patient of, 101.

Trance (_see also_ Home--Moses--Piper)-- Messages, generic similarity of, in different individuals, 276 _note_. Three main types of, 315.

Transposition of senses, 149.

Tuckey, Lloyd, _cited_, 135 _note_.

Twins, telepathic communications between, 108-109.

Unity, central, in multicellular organisms, 30-31.

_Use of Hypnotism in the First Degree_, _cited_, 33 _note_.

V., Mrs., vision of, 232.

Vaso-motor system, dynamogenic hypnotic effects on, 145-146.

Vennum, Miss Mary Lurancy, case of, 51.

Verity, A. S., case attested by, 397, 398.

----, L. S. and E. C., apparition appearing to, 396-399.

Verrall, Mrs., 181.

Virgil, _cited_, 96 _and note_, 282.

Vision-- After-images, 171, 179. Defects of, removed by suggestion, 142-143. Entoptic, 171. Evolution of, 169-173. Imagination images, 172-173. Inward, 171-174; control of, 178; veridical, 175-177. Memory-images, 172, 179. Non-optical, in dreams, 169-170. Ocular, a privileged case of general vision, 173, 175. Subliminal mentation in relation to, 69 _and note_-70.

Vital faculty, scheme of, 441 _et seq._

Vivé, Louis, case of, 49 _and note_[1], 146 _note_, 379.

Vlavianos, Dr., _cited_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}.

Voisin, Dr. Auguste, _cited_, 49 _note_{1}, 101 _and note_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _notes_[1] _and_ [2], 136 _note_, 155 _note_; _quoted_, 381-382.

Voltaire, genius of, 60.

W., Miss, case of, _cited_, 233.

Wallace, Alfred Russel, _cited_, 7 _and note_, 16.

Warburton, Canon, dream of, 106-107, 208.

Water-- Mesmerised, experiments with, 380. Running, finding of, 378.

Wendell, Prof. Barrett, _cited_, 318.

Wesermann, experiments of, 409.

Wesley, John, 7 _note_{1}.

Wetterstrand, Otto, _cited_, 93, 135 _note_{2}, 136 _note_.

Whately, Archbishop, case of, 66-67.

Wheatcroft, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228.

Wilkie, J. E., dream of, 315, 450-451.

Wilkinson, W. M., _cited_, 79 _note_, 265 _note_{1}.

Will power-- Hypnotic influence on, 153-154. Self-projection by means of, 210-211, 396-399.

Wilmot, Mrs., case of, 177.

Wilson, Archdeacon, case of, 228.

----, Dr. Albert, case of patient of, 49 _note_{3}.

Wingfield, Dr. Hugh, _quoted_, 128.

Winsor, Miss Anna, case of, 51 _and note_[2], 295 _note_.

Witchcraft, 4-5.

Witches, anæsthetic patches on, 124.

Wittman, 130.

Wordsworth, _cited_, 81, 84 _note_, 92.

World-soul, 355 _note_.

Wyman, W. H., case of, _quoted_, 270.

X., Emile, case of, 46-47.

--, Félida, case of, 44, 48, 50-51, 307, 361-363.

"X + Y = Z," case of, 316 _and note_.

_X + Y = Z_ or _The Sleeping Preacher of North Alabama_, _cited_, 316 _note_.

Z., Alma, case of, 50-51.

_Zeitschrift für Hypnotismus_, _passim_, _cited_, 120 _note_{1}.

_Zoist, the_, _cited_, 123 _note_, 139 _note_{1}, 159, 161, 162 _note_, 163 _note_{2}, 177 _note_, 380, 381.

Zones, anæsthetic, occurrence of, in witchcraft, 124.

_Zones analgésique_ in witches, 5.

* * * * *

The following typographical errors were corrected by the etext transcriber:

and of communciation with=>and of communication with

His field of consciousness is so far=> His field of typo consciousness is so far

physiolgical explanations=>physiological explanations

choreic or fidgetty shiftings of motor impulse=>choreic or fidgety shiftings of motor impulse

these types of subacent vision=>these types of subjacent vision

will sometimes express themseves=>will sometimes express themselves

Bibliotèque Diabolique=>Bibliothèque Diabolique

omniscent benevolence=>omniscient benevolence

childhood dissappeared=>childhood disappeared

ot January and February 1885=>of January and February 1885

committed siucide by drowning himself in the lake=>committed suicide by drowning himself in the lake

temps aprés leur arrivée=>temps après leur arrivée

soon as he told ns.=>soon as he told us.

not finding the pad of paper on my kneee=>not finding the pad of paper on my knees

Telepathy almost intistinguishable=>Telepathy almost indistinguishable

ou il préparait le samovar=>où il préparait le samovar

cabinet ou nous ne trouvâmes personne=>cabinet où nous ne trouvâmes personne

séparée ou j'étais tout seul=>séparée où j'étais tout seul

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See glossary.

[2] I have ventured to coin the word "supernormal" to be applied to phenomena which are _beyond what usually happens_--_beyond_, that is, in the sense of suggesting unknown psychical laws. It is thus formed on the analogy of _abnormal_. When we speak of an abnormal phenomenon we do not mean one which _contravenes_ natural laws, but one which exhibits them in an unusual or inexplicable form. Similarly by a supernormal phenomenon I mean, not one which _overrides_ natural laws, for I believe no such phenomenon to exist, but one which exhibits the action of laws higher, in a psychical aspect, than are discerned in action in everyday life. By _higher_ (either in a psychical or physiological sense) I mean "apparently belonging to a more advanced stage of evolution."

[3] Other _savants_ of eminence--the great name of Alfred Russel Wallace will occur to all--had also satisfied themselves of the reality of these strange phenomena; but they had not tested or demonstrated that reality with equal care. I am not able in this brief sketch to allude to distinguished men of earlier date--Richard Glanvil, John Wesley, Samuel Johnson, etc., who discerned the importance of phenomena which they had no adequate means of investigating.

[4] The Society for Psychical Research was founded in 1882, Professor W. F. Barrett taking a leading part in its promotion. Henry Sidgwick was its first President, and Edmund Gurney was its first Honorary Secretary--he and I being joint Honorary Secretaries of its Literary Committee, whose business was the collection of evidence.

[5] See, for instance, _Proceedings_ of the Society for Psychical Research (henceforth in this book referred to as the S.P.R.), vol. iv. p. 256, Jan. 1887.

[6] See, however, an article in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 317 to 325, entitled "Subliminal Self or Unconscious Cerebration," by Mr. A. H. Pierce, of Harvard University, with a reply by Mr. F. Podmore.

[7] The difficulty of conceiving any cellular focus, either fixed or shifting, has actually led some psychologists to demand a unifying principle which is not cellular, and yet is not a soul.

[8] Stanley Hall's "Study of Fears," _American Journal of Psychology_, vol. viii., No. 2, January, 1897. See also "The Use of Hypnotism in the First Degree," by Dr. Russell Sturgis (Boston, 1894).

[9] For instances of such cures see Drs. Raymond and Janet's _Névroses et Idées fixes_.

[10] See vol. vii. p. 309.

[11] See "Studien über Hysterie" (Leipsic, 1895), by Drs. Breuer and Freud. An account of two of these cases is given in the original edition. Vol. i. pp. 51-6.

[12] On this subject see Du Prel, _Philosophy of Mysticism_, Eng. trans., vol. i., passim.

[13] An old case of Dr. Dyce's (see _The Zoist_, vol. iv. p. 158) forms a simple example of this type. Dr. Mesnet's case (_De l'Automatisme de la Mémoire_, _etc._ Par le Dr. Ernest Mesnet, Paris, 1874, p. 18, seq.) should also be referred to here. In these instances the secondary state is manifestly a degeneration of the primary state, even when certain traces of supernormal faculty are discernible in the narrowed psychical field.

[14] See _The Zoist_, vol. iv. pp. 172-79, for a case showing the inevitable accomplishment of a post-epileptic crime in such a way as to bring out its analogy with the inevitable working out of a post-hypnotic suggestion.

[15] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 221-258 [225 A].

[16] See _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, March 1890, p. 267 [226 A].

[17] See the _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_ for January 1892 [226 B].

[18] For full details of this, see Dr. Boris Sidis's work, _The Psychology of Suggestion: a Research into the Subconscious Nature of Man and Society_ (New York, 1898), and _Multiple Personality_ by Drs. Boris Sidis and S. P. Goodhart. London, 1905.

[19] Zoist vol. iv. p. 185 [229 A].

[20] See Professor W. James's _Principles of Psychology_, vol. I. pp. 381-84 [232 A].

[21] For Dr. Camuset's account see _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_, 1882, p. 75; for Dr. Voisin's, _Archives de Neurologie_, September 1885. The observations at Rochefort have been carefully recorded by Dr. Berjon, _La Grande Hystérie chez l'Homme_, Paris, 1886, and by Drs. Bourru and Burot in a treatise, _De la suggestion mentale_, &c. (_Bibl. scientifique contemporaine_), Paris, 1887 [233 A].

[22] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xv. pp. 466-483 [234 A] and the more complete account given in Dr. Morton Prince's _Dissociation of a Personality_. New York and London, 1906.

[23] Besides the cases mentioned above see a remarkable recent case recorded by Dr. Bramwell in _Brain_, Summer Number, 1900, on the authority of Dr. Albert Wilson, of Leytonstone. Dr. Wilson has given a detailed account of his patient, Mary Barnes, in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xviii. pp. 352-416, where a full discussion of the case will also be found. Mary Barnes developed sixteen different personalities with distinct memories and different characteristics.

[24] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xiv. 396-398 [236 A].

[25] _Proceedings of American_ S.P.R., vol. i. p. 552 [237 A].

[26] For a detailed record of this case see the _Religio-Philosophical Journal_ for 1879. An abridgment is given in [238 A]. See also _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. x. p. 99.

[27] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, July 1889.

[28] Professor Scripture in the _American Journal of Psychology_, vol. iv., No. 1, April 1891; Professor Binet in the _Revue Philosophique_, 1895. Professor Binet's article deals largely with Jacques Inaudi, the most recent prodigy, who appears to differ from the rest in that his gift is auditile rather than visual. His gift was first observed in childhood. His general intelligence is below the average. Another recent prodigy, Diamanti, seems, on the other hand, to be in other ways quick-witted.

[29] Scripture, _op. cit._, p. 54.

[30] _Proceedings_ of American S.P.R., vol. i. No. 4, p. 360.

[31] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 337 [§ 311].

[32] On this point see Professor James's _Principles of Psychology_, vol. ii. p. 84, note. Goethe's well-known phantasmal flower was clearly no mere representation of retinal structure. A near analogy to these patterns lies in the so-called "spirit-drawings," or automatic arabesques, discussed elsewhere in this chapter.

[33] See Professor Ladd's paper on this subject in _Mind_, April 1892.

[34] "Le Subconscient chez les Artistes, les Savantes, et les Ecrivains," par le Dr. Paul Chabaneix, Paris, 1897.

[35] Instances of this form of automatism are described in a book called _Spirit Drawings: a Personal Narrative_, by W. M. Wilkinson, some account of which is given in Appendix 811 A (Vol. II.) of the unabridged edition.

[36] _L'Année Psychologique_, i. 1894, p. 124, F. de Curel, par A. Binet [§ 330].

[37] In Wordsworth's _Prelude_ we find introspective passages of extreme psychological interest as being deliberate attempts to tell the truth about exactly those emotions and intuitions which differentiate the poet from common men.

[38] In the passage which follows some use has been made of Jowett's translation. It is noticeable that this utterance, unsurpassed among the utterances of antiquity, has been placed by Plato in the mouth of a woman--the prophetess Diotima--with the express intention, as I think, of generalising it, and of raising it above the region of sexual passion. There is nothing else in antiquity resembling the position thus ascribed to Diotima in reference to Socrates,--the woman being represented as capable of raising the highest and of illumining the wisest soul.

[39] _Iliad_, xxii. 199; _Æneid_, xii. 908.

[40] See Dr. Féré in _Brain_ for January 1887.

[41] _De l'Intelligence_, vol. i. p. 119.

[42] _Archives de Médecine_, vol. i. 1876, p. 554.

[43] _An Experimental Study in Hypnotism_, by Dr. R. von Krafft-Ebing, translated by Dr. C. G. Chaddock, p. 91.

[44] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1891, p. 302.

[45] _Les Rêves_, p. 135. This remarkable patient afforded examples of many forms of communication of memory between different states of personality. See pp. 192-200 for a conspectus of these complex recollections.

[46] _Revue de Médecine_, February 1892. A full account and discussion of the same case is contained in Dr. P. Janet's _Névroses et Idées fixes_, vol. i. pp. 116 _et seq._ [§413].

[47] See also _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 142 (October 1889), and _Proceedings_ of the American S.P.R., vol. i. No. 4, p. 363 [415 A and B].

[48] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. p. 507.

[49] Cædmon's poem was traditionally said to have come to him in like fashion.

[50] The reader will find many similar cases in the _Journal_ and _Proceedings_ of the S.P.R. Several are quoted in Appendices to Section 421 in the unabridged edition.

[51] The case of Mr. Boyle, investigated by Edmund Gurney and printed in S.P.R. _Journal_, vol. iii. pp. 265, 266 [§423], is interesting in this connection. In this case the vision, which recurred twice, was of a simple kind, and might be interpreted as an impression transferred from the mind of one waking to the mind of one asleep.

Again, the single dream which a man has noted down in all his life stands evidentially in almost as good a position as a single waking hallucination. For cases of this kind see _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 267 [§424]; _ibid._ vol. v. p. 61 [424 A]; _ibid._ vol. v. p. 252 [424 C]; and _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 443 [424 B].

[52] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 105 [428 A].

[53] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 154 [428 D].

The cases of Mrs. Manning (_Journal_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 100 [428 B]) and Mr. Newnham (_Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 225 [428 C]) are somewhat similar. See also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 444 [428 E] and _Journal_ S.P.R., vol viii. p. 128 [428 F].

[54] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 365; _ibid._, p. 453 [429 A and B].

[55] See, for example, _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 123 [429 F].

[56] Long ago Solon had said, apparently of mesmeric cure--

[Greek: Ton de kakais nousoisi kykômenon argaleais te aphamenos cheiroin aipha tithês hygiê.]

[57] _Recherches Physiologiques sur l'Homme_ (Paris, 1811); _Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire et à l'Establissement du Magnétisme Animal_; _Du Magnétisme Animal considéré dans ses Rapports avec diverses branches de la Physique Générale_; etc.

[58] See Nasse's _Zeitschrift für Hypnoitsmus_, _passim_.

[59] This later work of Braid's has been generally overlooked, and his theories were stated again as new discoveries by recent observers who ignored what he had already accomplished. See Dr. Bramwell's paper on "James Braid, his Work and Writings," in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 127-166. This contains a complete list of Braid's writings, and references to his work by other writers. See also the references to Braid's work and theories in Dr. Bramwell's _Hypnotism_.

[60] See also the _Zoist_ (Vol. viii. pp. 156, 297-299) for cases of mesmerisation of animals. In his _Thérapeutique Suggestive_, 1891 (pp. 246-68), Dr. Liébeault gives an account of his experiments with infants [513 B and C].

[61] See Dr. Bramwell's discussion of the subject. (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 213) [513 A].

[62] This view unfortunately dominates Professor M'Kendrick's article on "Hypnotism" in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_.

[63] See Dr. Bramwell's discussion of the inadequacy of this explanation in his article "What is Hypnotism?" in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 224, also in his book on _Hypnotism_ pp. 337-8.

[64] See Dr. Bramwell's _Hypnotism_, p. 274.

[65] I am inclined to think that this is always the case. For a long time the lethargic state was supposed at the Salpêtrière to preclude all knowledge of what was going on; and I have heard Charcot speak before a deeply-entranced subject as if there were no danger of her gathering hints as to what he expected her to do. I believe that his patients did subliminally receive such hints, and work them out in their own hypnotic behaviour. On the other hand, I have heard the late Dr. Auguste Voisin, one of the most persistent and successful of hypnotisers, make suggestion after suggestion to a subject apparently almost comatose,--which suggestions, nevertheless, she obeyed as soon as she awoke.

[66] According to Dr. Edgar Bérillon, who was the first systematically to apply the hypnotic method to the education of children (see his paper, "De la Suggestion envisagée au point de vue pédagogique" in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. i. (1887), p. 84), the percentage of those who can be hypnotised is more than 80, and he asserts that suggestibility varies directly as the intellectual development of the subject. He classes under four heads the affections which can be successfully treated by hypnotic suggestion. (See the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, July 1895.)

(1) Psychical derangements caused by acute diseases; in particular, insomnia, restlessness, nocturnal delirium, incontrollable vomiting, incontinence of urine and of fæces.

(2) Functional affections connected with nervous disease: chorea, tics, convulsions, anæsthesiæ, contractures and hysterical paresis, hysterical hiccough, blepharospasm.

(3) Psychical derangements, such as habit of biting nails, precocious impulsive tendencies, nocturnal terrors, speaking in sleep, kleptomania, nervousness, shyness.

(4) Chorea, hysteria, epilepsy, or mental derangements considered as resulting from the combination of several nervous diseases.

Scattered about in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_ the reader will find numerous illustrative cases. Specially characteristic are those recorded in the number for July 1893, p. 11, and April 1895, p. 306.

For reports of hypnotic cure of onychophagy, see Bérillon, the articles already quoted; Bourdon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1895, p. 134; Bouffé, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1898, p. 76.

For reports of hypnotic cure of even graver habits, see Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-Thérapie_, p. 250; Bernheim, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1891, a case in which the habit had become quite automatic and irresistible, and where every other method of treatment had failed; also _De la Suggestion_; Schrenck-Notzing, _Die Suggestions-Therapie bei krankhaften Erscheinungen des Geschlechtssinnes_; Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, July 1893, pp. 12, 14, 15; Bourdon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1895, pp. 136, 139, 140; Auguste Voisin, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1887, p. 151.

For cures of _enuresis nocturna_, see Liébeault, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1886, p. 71; Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1894, p. 359; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-thérapie_; Paul Farez, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, August 1899, p. 53. This author recommends the method of suggestion in normal sleep.

Liébeault, in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_ for January 1889, gives twenty-two cases in which hypnotic suggestion was used in the moral education of children from the age of fourteen months upwards, with the aim of curing, _e.g._ the habit of lying, excessive developments of emotions, such as fear and anger, and precocious or depraved appetites; and of improving the normal faculties of attention and memory. He reports ten cures, eight improvements, and four failures.

For other cases of moral education, see Bérillon, _De la suggestion et de ses applications à la pédagogie_ (1887); _L'Hypnotisme et l'Orthopédie morale_ (1898); _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1887, pp. 169-180, and December 1897, p. 162; Bernheim, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1886, p. 129; Ladame, the same, June and July 1887; Voisin, the same, November 1888; De Jong, the same, September 1891; Bourdon, the same, August 1896; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-thérapie_, p. 215. Nervous troubles in adults have often been cured by the same means. Thus, in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1899, p. 73, Dr. Vlavianos records a case of _tic convulsif_ cured by hypnotic suggestion. Wetterstrand has used the same method with success (_loc. cit._, p. 76). See also Janet, _Névroses et Idées Fixes_, vol. ii., part ii., chapter iii., "Les. Tics."

[67] See Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1890, p. 75, and February 1896, p. 237; Regis, the same, May 1896; De Jong, the same, September 1891, p. 82; and Auguste Voisin, the same, November 1888, p. 130.

[68] See Otto Wetterstrand, _Der Hypnotismus und seine Anwendung in der praktischen Medicin_; Georg Ringier, _Erfolge des therapeutischen Hypnotismus in der Landpraxis_; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-thérapie_; Auguste Forel, _Einige therapeutische Versuche mit dem Hypnotismus bei Geisteskranken_; Lloyd Tuckey, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1897, p. 207; Ladame, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, November 1887, p. 131, and December 1887, p. 165; A. Voisin, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. ii. (1888), p. 69, and vol. iii. (1889), p. 353; Vlavianos, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1899, p. 361; Neilson, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. vi. (1892), p. 17. Bérillon, _Le traitement psychologique de L'Alcoolisme_. Paris 1906. See also the works of Liébeault, Bernheim, and Milne Bramwell.

[69] There are many instances of the cure of morphinomania. See especially the case recorded by Dr. Marot in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, February 1893, on account of the psychological interest of the patient's own remarks.

Wetterstrand, out of fourteen cases, records eleven cures of morphinomania. In a paper in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1890, he discusses the benefit of prolonged hypnosis--causing the patient to sleep for a week or more at a time--which he tried in one case. See also Voisin, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1886, p. 163.

[70] See Dr. A. Dorez, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, May 1899, p. 345; and Dr. Bourdon, the same, November 1893, p. 141 [557 A].

[71] Dr. Hill, _British Medical Journal_, July 4th, 1891.

[72] In some articles in the _Revue Philosophique_, published in 1886 and 1887, Delboeuf describes some experiments which suggest that in many of the remarkable hypnotic cures recorded in the _Zoist_ (as well as in modern cases) the removal of pain was probably an important element in the cure; see _e.g._ cures of inflammation (_Zoist_, vol. x. p. 347); of neuralgia and chronic rheumatism (vol. ix. pp. 76-79); of abdominal pains (vol. ix. p. 155); of tic douloureux (vol. viii. p. 186); of severe headaches (vol. x. p. 369); of eczema impetiginodes (vol. x. p. 96).

The general subject of hypnotic analgesia is strikingly illustrated by Esdaile's well-known work in the Indian hospitals; see his books, _Mesmerism in India_ (London, 1846); _The Introduction of Mesmerism with Sanction of Government into the Public Hospitals of India_ (2nd edit. London, 1856); _Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance_ (London, 1852); and constant references to him in the _Zoist_.

For later cases see _British Medical Journal_, April 5th, 1890, p. 801; the same, February 28th, 1891, pp. 460-468.

See also Van Renterghem and Van Eeden's _Psycho-thérapie_, pp. 262-280.

See also the _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 21, and the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1891, p. 132; the same, 1895, p. 300; and for the discussion of a very interesting recent case of the cure of _sycosis menti_, see Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1896, p. 195; Delboeuf, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, February 1896, p. 225; Durand (de Gros), _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, 1896, p. 37. It was also quoted in the _British Medical Journal_ for November 16th, 1895.

[73] See the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, August 1887.

[74] See the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 209 [535 A].

[75] See the _Revue Philosophique_, 1886.

[76] See the _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 193 [535 B].

[77] For cases bearing on this subject see Dr. Liébeault's _Thérapeutique Suggestive_, pp. 64 _et seq._; the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1893; and _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 177 [538 A and B].

[78] _Thérapeutique Suggestive_, pp. 64 _et seq._

[79] See the _Revue Philosophique_, November 1886. The same case is discussed in _Mind_ for January 1887 [539 A].

[80] Nagel suggests that there may have been at a certain stage _mixed sense-organs_, by means of which two or three sensations were perceived simultaneously.

[81] For a circumstantial English account of the well-known case of Louise Lateau, see _Macmillan's Magazine_, vol. xxiii. p. 488 _et seq._

Three cases of the production of cruciform marks reported by Dr. Biggs, of Lima, appeared in the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 100.

Another remarkable American case of stigmatisation was reported in the _Courier-Journal_, Louisville, Ky., December 7th, 1891, on the authority of Dr. M. F. Coomes and several other physicians.

See also the case of Ilma S. recorded in Dr. R. von Krafft-Ebing's _Experimental Study in Hypnotism_.

Dr. P. Janet describes somewhat similar experiments in _L'Automatisme Psychologique_ (see p. 166 _et seq._).

Again, somewhat similar is a case recorded by Dr. J. Rybalkin in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1890 (p. 361), in which a post-hypnotic suggestion to the subject to burn his arm at a stove--really unlighted--produced blisters as of a burn.

Hæmorrhage and bleeding stigmata were several times produced in the famous subject, Louis Vivé, by verbal suggestion alone. (Drs. Bourru and Burot, _Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie_, July 12th, 1885; and Dr. Mabille, _Progrès Médical_, August 29th, 1885.)

Professor Beaunis (_Recherches Expérimentales_, etc., Paris, 1886, p. 29) produced redness and cutaneous congestion in his subject, Mlle. A. E., by suggestion, and the experiment was repeated on the same subject by the present writer and Edmund Gurney in September 1885 (see _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 167).

It appears that there is at present at the Salpêtrière a _stigmatisée_, the development of whose stigmata has been watched by Dr. Janet under copper shields with glass windows inserted in them (_Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1900, p. 190).

Other cases are recorded in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1890, p. 353; the same February 1892, p. 251 [543 A to H].

[82] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iv. pp. 268-323 [551 A].

[83] Professor Fontan's experiments described in the _Revue Philosophique_, August 1887, cannot lightly be set aside. An account of his experiments is given in _Proceedings_ S. P. R. vol. ii. p. 263-268. [549 D]. See also the works of Pététin, Durand, Foissac, and Despine, especially _Observations de Médecine Pratique_, pp. 45, 62, and _Étude Scientifique sur Somnambulisme_, p. 167.

[84] See _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 100 [543 B].

[85] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 176-203 [551 C].

[86] _Revue Philosophique_, September 1888 [552 A].

[87] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. vi. p. 357 [553 A].

[88] For illustrative instances see _Brain_, Summer Number 1900, p. 207, _Revue de l' Hypnotisme_, January 1889, and Bérillon, _De la suggestion et de ses applications à la pédagogie_ (1887) [553 B]. See also Bérillon, _La Psychologie du Courage et l'Éducation du Caractère_. Paris 1905.

[89] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 204-58 [555 B]. See also his book on _Hypnotism_, pp. 425-32.

[90] See also the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1889, September 1890, November 1886, November 1888, for cases reported by Liébeault, Bérillon, Bernheim, and Voisin.

[91] See Mr. Fryer's paper on "The Welsh Revival of 1904-5," in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xix. p. 80.

[92] See Puységur, _Recherches sur l'Homme dans le Somnambulisme_ (Paris, 1811); Pététin, _Electricité Animale_ (Paris, 1808); Despine, _Observations de Médecine Pratique_ (1838), and _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. ix. p. 333.

[93] _Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance_, pp. 227-28; quoted in _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 88.

[94] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. (1888), pp. 14-17. [569 A.]

[95] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. pp. 536-596. [569 B.]

[96] Beginning with cases partly retrocognitive, the leader is referred to _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 30-99; _Zoist_, vol. vii. pp. 95-101 [572 A and B].

[97] The longest and most important series of experiments in thought-transference with hypnotised subjects, carried out by members of the S.P.R., are those of Professor and Mrs. Sidgwick. _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 128-70; and vol. viii. pp. 536-96 [573 A].

[98] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 199-220; Dr. Fahnestock's _Statuvolism_, pp. 117-35, 221-32 [573 B, C and D].

[99] _Zoist_, vol. xii. pp. 249-52 [573 F].

[100] See "Mind-Cure, Faith-Cure, and the Miracles of Lourdes," by A. T. Myers, M.D., F.R.C.P., and F. W. H. Myers, _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ix. pp. 160-210.

[101] For a true synæsthetic or "sound-seer,"--to take the commonest form of these central repercussions of sensory shock,--there is a connection between sight and sound which is instinctive, complex, and yet for our intelligence altogether arbitrary.

But sound-seeing is only a conspicuous example of synæsthesiæ which exist in as yet unexplored variety. When we find that there are gradated, peremptory, inexplicable associations connecting sensations of light and colour with sensations of temperature, smell, taste, muscular resistance, etc., we are led to conclude that we are dealing, not with the casual associations of childish experience, but with some reflection or irradiation of specialised sensations which must depend upon the connate structure of the brain itself.

This view is consistent with the results of an _Enquête sur l'audition colorée_ recently conducted by Professor Flournoy, from which it appears that of 213 persons presenting these associations only 48 could assign the date of their origin; and is supported by a case described in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1892, p. 185, where a man who had long exhibited a limited form of _audition colorée_ developed _gustation colorée_ in addition when in a low state of health.

See also the "Report of the International Congress of Experimental Psychology, Second Session, London, 1892," pp. 10-20 (Williams & Norgate, London, 1892), and the _American Journal of Psychology_ for April 1900 (vol. xi. pp. 377-404).

[102] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 480 [610 A].

[103] The "Census of Hallucinations" was undertaken in 1889, by a Committee of the S.P.R., under the direction of Professor Sidgwick, and consisting of himself and Mrs. Sidgwick, Dr. A. T. Myers, Mr. F. Podmore, Miss A. Johnson, and the present writer. The full report of the committee was published in 1894. (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. x. pp. 25-422.) A summary of the report is given in the original edition. [612 A.]

[104] For prehistoric and historic crystal-gazing see Mr. Andrew Lang's _Making of Religion_, and Miss Goodrich-Freer's "Recent Experiments in Crystal-Vision," _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. p. 486 [620 A].

[105] It is right also to state, although I cannot here discuss the problems involved, that I believe these visions to be sometimes seen by more than one person, simultaneously or successively.

[106] See also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. i. pp. 263-283; vol. ii. pp. 1-5, 24-42, 189-200; vol. iii. pp. 424-452, where a full record will be found of Mr. Malcolm Guthrie's experiments [630 B]. Also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 2-17 [630 C], for Mr. Henry G. Rawson's experiments. Others are recorded in the _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. i. pp. 161-167 and 174-215. See also those of Herr Max Dessoir (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 111, and vol. v. p. 355); Herr Anton Schmoll and M. Etienne Mabire (_ibid._ vol. iv. p. 324 and vol. v. p. 169); Mr. J. W. Smith (_ibid._ vol. ii. p. 207); Sir Oliver Lodge (_ibid._ vol. vii. p. 374); Dr. A. Blair Thaw (_ibid._ vol. viii. p. 422); Dr. von Schrenck-Notzing (_ibid._ vol. vii. p. 3); Professor Richet (_ibid._ vol. v. p. 18). See also _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. pp. 32-34, and vol. ii. pp. 653-654. Also the experiments of Professor and Mrs. Sidgwick (_Proceedings_, vol. vi. and vol. viii.) already referred to in Chapter V.

[107] See Mr. F. Podmore's _Apparitions and Thought-transference_,