CHAPTER VIII.

GEOLOGY AND PALÆONTOLOGY.

Proved by Contemporary Monuments--As in History--Summary of Historical Evidence--Geological Evidence of Human Periods--Neolithic Period--Palæolithic or Quaternary--Tertiary--Secondary and Older Periods--The Recent or Post-Glacial Period--Lake-Villages--Bronze Age--Kitchen-Middens--Scandinavian Peat-mosses--Neolithic Remains comparatively Modern--Definition of Post-Glacial Period--Its Duration--Mellard Read's Estimate--Submerged Forests--Changes in Physical Geography--Huxley--Objections from America--Niagara--Quaternary Period--Immense Antiquity--Presence of Man throughout--First Glacial Period--Scandinavian and Laurentian Ice-caps--Immense Extent--Mass of _Débris_--Elevation and Depression--In Britain--Inter-Glacial and Second Glacial Periods--Antiquity measured by Changes of Land--Lyell's Estimate--Glacial _Débris_ and Loess--Recent Erosion--Bournemouth--Evans--Prestwich--Wealden Ridge and Southern Drift--Contain Human Implements--Evidence from New World--California 260