CHAPTER X.

QUATERNARY MAN.

No longer doubted--Men not only existed, but in numbers and widely spread--Palæolithic Implements of similar Type found everywhere--Progress shown--Tests of Antiquity--Position of Strata--Fauna--Oldest Types--Mixed Northern and Southern Species--Reindeer Period--Correspondence of Human Remains with these Three Periods--Advance of Civilization--Clothing and Barbed Arrows--Drawing and Sculpture--Passage into Neolithic and Recent Periods--Corresponding Progress of Physical Man--Distinct Races--How tested--Tests applied to Historical, Neolithic, and Palæolithic Man--Long Heads and Broad Heads--Aryan Controversy--Primitive European Types--Canon Taylor--Huxley--Preservation of Human Remains depends mainly on Burials--About forty Skulls and Skeletons known from Quaternary Times--Summary of Results--Quatrefages and Hamy--Races of Canstadt--Cro-Magnon--Furfooz--Truchere--Skeletons of Neanderthal and Spy--Canstadt Type oldest--Cro-Magnon Type next--Skeleton of Cro-Magnon--Broad-headed and Short Race resembling Lapps--American Type--No Evidence from Asia, Africa, India, Polynesia, and Australia--Negroes, Negrillos, and Negritos--Summary of Results 317