CHAPTER XII

KINDERGARTEN MATERIALS

The Kindergarten Occupations

The kindergarten gifts proceed, as will have been observed, from the solid through other forms to the point. The objects made with these are but temporary, and the same material may be used again and again.

Parallel with these Froebel devised what he calls the "occupations," which put into permanent shape the ideas expressed by the gifts.

Among the occupations (we will not name all) are: Peaswork, pricking, sewing, weaving, parquetry, pasting, cardboard modeling, sand and clay modeling.

These are arranged in reverse order to the gifts; that is, they proceed from the point to the solid.

=Peaswork= (_Good well-dried peas_, _wooden toothpicks or hair-wire_)

Soak the peas for 10 or 12 hours till soft. Then make a cane of one pea and one stick.

Two peas and one stick will make a dumb-bell.

Three of each will make a triangle.

Make a square in the same way, and then by adding to this other peas and sticks a skeleton chair can be made. All kinds of furniture and geometrical forms may be thus manufactured. The wire or toothpick must be inserted in the cheek of the pea. Watch the child carefully to see that he does not get nervous over the work. Assuming that the peas are in good condition, there should be little trouble if the forms made are simple.

=Pricking= (_Thin white cardboard_, _long pin_, _several folds of cloth or a piece of felt_)

Froebel recognized the appeal this pastime makes to the mystery-loving child. As sometimes used it may be injurious to nerves or eyesight; but used judiciously the child of five or six will find it a source of harmless entertainment.

Let mother or older brother draw on cardboard a simple strong outline. Provide a strong steel pin (hat-pin or mourning-pin will do) and a piece of folded cloth for a cushion. Follow the outline by pricking in it a succession of holes. The rough side is the right side of the decorated card. The card may be hung up as a transparency, or may be made up into blotter or calendar; or, if the outline be that of a vegetable or a fruit, it will make up into a Thanksgiving place card.

Very beautiful effects are produced by pricking the surface as well as the outline, a form of embossing, but this is a great strain on the nerves. Let the child work for only a few moments at a time, and be sure that the light is good and the drawing is distinct.

=Sewing= (_Cardboard_, _worsted_, _silk or chenille_, _needle_, _punch_)

It is a disputed question now whether or not the cardboard sewing of the kindergarten, once considered so essential, should be used at all. Some condemn it entirely; others use it sparingly. Many replace it with sewing on cloth and other materials soft and flexible, which lend themselves to the kind of stitching required later in everyday sewing. We cannot now enter into the discussion, but common-sense rules here as elsewhere.

Cards with designs already drawn and perforated may be bought, but the mother need not feel that she must depend upon these. Old visiting and invitation cards may be used for the purpose. We give a few examples of objects pretty and useful which may be made of this material. These will suggest others to the active-minded child. Get punch at kindergarten supply store; from 50 cents up.

1. Gift Card. Cut a square of cardboard 5 × 5 inches. With a needleful of red worsted let the child sew upon this card three straight candles in stitches one inch long. You may first punch in the bottom of the card three holes as guides. Put them in a row equidistant from each other. Make parallel to these a row of three dots in pencil. The child will push the needle through one hole _from below_ and put it through the dot above, making his own hole. So proceed till finished. A flame may be drawn with yellow chalk at the upper end of each candle, to make it more realistic. This card may be used to stand a candlestick upon, or to send as a birthday card.

A similar card with the red stitches lying horizontally will picture firecrackers ready to be set off. Use as a mat for a match safe.

2. Cover for Medicine Glass. Draw a circle five inches in diameter. Cut this out. Parallel to the edge draw a circle four inches in diameter. Make dots about 1/2 inch apart along this second circle. Punch holes through these dots. With worsted, ravelings or chenille let the child sew once around this circle. Then go around the other way to fill up all the gaps left the first time. Use as cover for glass of medicine. Line the bottom with clean, white paper.

Vary by overcasting, or from a central hole take long radiating stitches to the holes in the circumference like the spokes of a wheel.

3. Toy Umbrella. The above circle with spokes may be made into a toy umbrella if a slender stick be run through for a handle. Stick a pin about an inch from the top to keep the umbrella part from slipping down.

4. Bookmark. Cut an oblong card 2 × 6 inches. Draw upon this a row of parallel oblique lines about one inch apart and one inch long. Punch holes through the ends of the lines at the bottom, sew one slanting line to show the child, and let him finish the row. A similar oblong will make a napkin ring if the ends be brought together and tied with the ends of the worsted.

Squares, oblongs, crosses, etc., may thus be punched and sewed.

If no punch is obtainable, make the holes with a coarse needle or strong pin.

=Paper Tearing= (See page 54)

=Paper Cutting=

This is another Froebelian occupation. Some suggestions have been given elsewhere. (See page 54.) We will speak here of a more definite series of progressive steps.

Take a square of white paper. Fold once to make an oblong. Keep folded and fold once more, which gives a small square. From the corners of this square cut pieces, large or small. Keep these. Open the paper and lay it down. Then arrange around it the cut-off corners to make a design. They may be arranged in a variety of ways. The pieces cut off the corners may be of various shapes.

Vary another square by cutting into it, after it has been folded, triangles or other figures. Open and arrange around it these cut-off pieces. When a satisfactory design has thus been made, it may be pasted on a pleasing background of paper.

In kindergarten training, checked paper is provided and the cuttings are made from lines drawn upon this according to a progressive system.

=Parquetry= (_Colored papers_, _paste_, _kindergarten slat or match for paste-stick_)

This occupation has its parallel in the tablets. The designs made temporarily with the circles, squares, etc., of wood may be put into more permanent form with the parquetry papers. These are circles, squares, triangles, etc., of colored papers, the unit of size being the inch. There are 1,000 in a package, embracing the six colors--red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet, with two shades and two tints of each, besides neutral tones, and black and white.

1. Easter Card. Give the child an oblong piece of gray cardboard, six inches long, and some yellow circles. Let him paste a row of circles for dandelion heads and then chalk in the green stems. Give to father for an Easter card.

Red and yellow circles may be cut in half and so arranged as to suggest tulips. (See page 122.)

2. Frieze. Let the child make designs for a frieze for the doll-house parlor, arranging circles and squares successively or alternately on a strip of paper. Or he can make a design for the doll-house kitchen oilcloth by pasting squares or circles (one square or circle surrounded by others) in a square unit.

An inexpensive paste for this work may be made of gum tragacanth. Buy five cents' worth of the powdered gum. Put a tablespoonful into an empty mucilage bottle and fill with water. In a few moments it will dissolve and thicken. Use more or less, according to thickness desired.

=Weaving= (_Colored kindergarten weaving mats_, _weaving needle_)

This is one of the most popular of kindergarten occupations.

Primitive man early learned to interlace the branches of trees to make for himself a shelter, and to weave together coarse fibres to make his crude garments. In course of ages great skill was acquired in thus using all kinds of flexible materials; artistic baskets were produced of raffia and reeds, and fine garments of linen, wool and cotton. Beautiful effects in color and form were introduced, the designs usually having a symbolic meaning.

Froebel devised, for the expression of this natural tendency, a series of exercises with colored paper, which gave practice in selection of color harmonies, in designing, in counting, and which led to skill and neatness in work.

Loom-weaving has been described on another page. (90.) In many kindergartens it now entirely supersedes the paper-weaving, which we will here briefly describe.

1. If you do not care to buy the regular kindergarten weaving mats, you may use smooth gray or brown wrapping paper cut into four-inch squares. In such a square cut _two_ slits 1/2 inch apart and one inch long. From some pretty paper cut a strip one inch wide and two inches long and insert in the slit in the mat, pasting the ends of the strip to the under side of the mat.

2. Cut _three_ or _four_ slits in similar mats and weave into them one-inch or half-inch strips, using narrower ones as the child gains skill. Weave such a strip under one and over one; then weave another, under two and over two, etc.; thus a variety of effects may be produced and the child meanwhile has practice incidentally in simple counting. Such a mat may be used to cover a glass of drinking water or medicine glass.

3. A larger mat may be made of pretty paper cut into comparatively fine slits. Paste upon this mat a square of smooth paper as a kind of lining; fold cornerwise and paste two edges together, making a kind of cornucopia.

4. Scent-Bag. A scent-bag may be made by putting between the mat and the lining described above a thin piece of cotton-batting, sprinkled with scent.

5. Oilcloth or Felt. Instead of paper, mats may be woven of plain oilcloth or of felt. Have two colors of each material, one for the mat and one for the strips.

On a 5-inch square of the material draw four parallel lines one inch apart and one inch from the top and bottom. Then using these as guide lines, cut four slits and weave in and out as with the paper weaving. Ribbon may be used for the woof if desired. Such a mat may be used for a lamp-mat or for a flower-pot mat.

Among the reasons for discarding the paper-weaving are the following: The colors are somewhat intense, and it is not always easy to secure good harmonies; the care necessary to avoid tearing the delicate paper and soiling the delicate colors is often a trial to highly-strung children. Therefore they should not work at it too long at a time. A weaving needle comes with the kindergarten weaving papers.

=Paper-Folding=

We give here _only a very few_ of the innumerable forms which may be made by folding paper according to exact directions. Mother may conduct such a little play while she is sewing and the child is on the floor or at the table. But directions must be exact and explicit. After once having told what to do in quiet, distinct, clear language, do not repeat. Train the child to hear accurately the first time.

Papers in many tones may be obtained from the kindergarten supply stores, but any exact square of white paper or of smooth brown wrapping paper will do.

Place the simple open square before the child, the edge directly in front of him. Call it a tablecloth and ask where the different members of the family sit. If able to wield the scissors, let him fringe the edge all around.

1. Book. Give a second square and, showing him which are the front corners, tell him to take hold of these and fold the paper over so that the front edge is just on a line with the back edge. Let him iron the table cloth (crease the fold with his thumb nail) so as to make a sharp line when opened. This makes a little book or tent. Ask what he can read in the book; who camps out in the tent; etc.

2. Window. Make another tent. Keep the tent in front of the child and tell him to open it and then to fold the left side over so that the left edge exactly meets the right edge. Crease and open, and the result is a window with four panes. Have the child tell what he plays he can see through it.

3. Tunnel. Fold a square once through the middle as before. Open and notice the sharp line made by the crease. Now fold the front edge to meet exactly _this line_. Open and then fold the back edge to meet this line. Open in such a way that the form when standing makes a little tunnel. Roll a marble under it.

4. Barn. Fold a square into sixteen little squares by making a tunnel in one direction and then folding a tunnel in the other direction, so that the creases cross each other at right angles. Open out and cut from the _left edge_ and from the _right edge_ three slits along the horizontal creases to the first intersecting vertical crease. (See illustration.) Now fold No. 1 over No. 2 so that one little square exactly covers the other and paste or pin together. Do the same at the other end. This draws the paper into shape of gable roof. Place remaining flaps so that one overlaps the other a trifle, as shown in the illustration. Then cut a door in the side. (See illustration.) This can be made of a large sheet of strong paper and will house very large paper animals.

5. Sailboat. Place a square of paper directly in front of you. Fold the front edge backward to meet exactly the back edge and crease. Open and fold the left edge over to meet exactly the right edge and crease. Open.

Turn the paper over so that _the under side is uppermost_, and place so that a _corner_ is directly in front of you. Fold the paper so that the front corner exactly meets the back corner and crease. Open and fold so that the left corner exactly meets the right corner.

You now have a square crossed by two diameters and by two diagonals. Number the _corners_ thus: 1, 2, 3, 4, and the _center_ 0. Take the corners and hold in one hand so that 1-0, 2-0, 3-0 and 4-0 are back to back. Then crease in that position. The form is a square. Lay down so that the _folded corner_ faces you. Fold the loose back corner down to meet the front corner. Then turn over and again fold the remaining back corner down to meet the front corner, and two sails become visible. Fold back one-half of the hull to make a base, and the little boat will stand and move if breathed upon. It can be made water-tight by dipping in melted paraffine. Melt the paraffine by putting it in a double boiler with boiling water beneath.

=Cardboard Modeling= (_Cardboard_, _knife_, _pencil_, _scissors_)

This is another of Froebel's materials which is much used in the kindergarten. The regular kindergarten cardboard comes in large sheets measured off into inches, half inches and quarter inches by red and blue lines. These are to assist in the accurate cutting and folding of the stiff paper. The tinted Bristol board obtainable at stationery stores is also much used.

With this simple material older children acquire skill of both hand and eye. The higher school grades are now using it to a great extent in making geometrical figures, thus gaining practice in making objects after first making the working drawings for the same. A tinsmith who has had kindergarten training will find himself better equipped for his life work because of this early experience in cutting and measuring.

The directions here given assume that the unruled cardboard is used.

To _score_ is to make a long shallow cut or scratch in the cardboard with a knife, so that it will bend easily. We give a few simple objects in the order of their difficulty.

1. Book-Mark. Draw an oblong 1 × 8 inches. Cut it out and punch a series of holes down the middle, one inch apart. Run a bit of baby ribbon in and out and thus make a simple book-mark.

2. Toy Wash-Bench. Draw and cut an oblong 1 × 6 inches. Draw a line straight across this one inch from each end, and then score these lines lightly. Bend and you have a wash-bench for doll's house.

3. Sugar-Scoop. Draw and cut an oblong 2 × 4 inches. Draw a line lengthwise through the middle. Score this line, and _cut_ along the score _one inch from each end_. Score again from each end at _right angles_ to the previous crease. Bend up the scored ends and the side, and paste the flaps together. This may be used for the toy grocery store.

4. Box. Read these directions through once. Then begin and work along as you read again, and all will be clear.

Cut out a square measuring 4 × 4 inches. Place squarely before you, and then on the front edge, one inch from each side, make a dot. On the back edge, one inch from each side, make a dot. Unite the dots at front and back by straight lines. This gives two vertical lines.

Now, on the right hand edge, one inch from each end make a dot, and do the same on the left hand edge. Unite these dots by straight lines, which gives two horizontal lines crossing the ones previously made at right angles. With a sharp knife, and ruler to keep it straight, score along these lines so that they may be readily bent.

Now, from the right edge cut along each horizontal line a slit one inch long. From the left edge cut along each horizontal line a slit one inch long. These cuts will give four flaps. Bend up the four oblong sides and fold each flap over inside the box and paste.

A little experimentation on the part of older children will show how to elongate one side so as to make a cover.

Differences in the proportions of the original piece of cardboard will make boxes of different proportions.

5. Work-Box. Draw a five-inch pentagon. Look up in a geometry to find the rules for doing this.

Upon each side as a base erect another pentagon. Score at the line of junction and bend the side pentagons till the edges meet. In these edges punch holes opposite each other, and through these tie baby ribbon to hold them together.

=Clay Modeling= (_Potter's clay_, _oilcloth or small smooth board_, _curtain pole_)

Clay is one of the important kindergarten materials, and if used with care need give but little trouble. Buy at kindergarten supply store or art shop.

Take a yard of table oilcloth and sew tapes to the corners so long that the oilcloth may be tied to a table and thus held smooth and firm. When not in use keep rolled up on a curtain-pole, broom-handle or dowel. This preserves it from untimely cracking. Upon this oilcloth the child can easily work with the clay, and the small pieces which may stick to it are readily wiped off with a damp cloth. If preferred, a small board about a foot square may be used instead of oilcloth. The child soon learns not to scatter the pieces. It is well for him to wear a little apron when making his small works of art. When finished with the clay, let him remove as much as possible from the hands as a rule, what remains may be rubbed away with a brisk clapping of the hands or is washed off very readily.

1. If his first impulse is to pound and thump the clay, show the child how pretty things may be made by gently pressing and molding the clay between thumb and fingers. If he is still interested in pounding, show him how to make a sphere by rolling the clay between the palms, and then by striking it four times hard against the table it is transformed into a rough sort of cube which further effort will improve.

2. If he inclines to make a number of balls, show him if possible one of the cheap clay marbles, and tell him to make some like it, though his will have no glazing.

3. If you see that he is rolling the clay into long lengths, suggest that he make a snake or links of a chain.

4. Older children may be shown how to roll it with the palm into long slender cylinders. Then coil these round and round spirally upon themselves and so build up a jar, as certain primitive races do. Then smooth it outside and inside until well shaped.

5. Bowls and crude vases are easily made, and these when dried may be painted and used to hold matches or pencils.

6. Sometimes, to stir the imagination, break off a rough piece of clay and ask the child if it looks like anything to him. If it suggest a bird or fish or fruit, show him how the crude form may be made more nearly perfect.

7. Take a bit of clay and upon it press another bit, and so little by little smooth and press and build up a plaque 1/2 inch high and four inches square. Upon this as a background, build up in the same way, little by little, a raised leaf, or a geometrical figure, such as a square or a Maltese cross. If a leaf is made, copy from a real leaf.

When thus interested, let the older children read Longfellow's beautiful poem, "Keramis," and the work of the potter will have a meaning it never had before.

The children who thus make crude efforts to express the beautiful gain in power little by little, and will have added capacity to appreciate the wonderful works of art to be seen in every gallery. They will gain in discrimination as to what is really beautiful, and will know how to choose those decorations and ornaments which will make their homes truly artistic.

Clay lends itself so readily to the slightest turn of thought, and is so easily employed by the smallest pair of hands, that it is one of the best materials to give to the little child. He soon learns to tell with it what he may be able to say in no other way.

When ready to put away, break into small pieces, put the pieces together, knead a little till made into a mass, punch a few holes in the mass, fill these with water, put into a stone jar and cover with a damp cloth. Or put the clay into a cloth, dampen, and then, twisting the four corners of the cloth together, drop the mass on the floor. Do this several times and it will be found welded together. Then put into the stone jar. Disinfect clay by exposing to sunshine.

=Sand-Table= (_Kitchen table_, _saw_, _boards_, _nails_, _zinc_)

From Germany we have finally learned the value of the sand-table and the sand-pile as means of development to the child, not to speak of their virtues as pure givers of joy.

Sand-tables may be bought at kindergarten stores, or one may be made of a kitchen table by sawing off the legs to the size which brings the table top within reach of the child. Then the top should be fenced in with boards, from three to six inches high, to keep the sand in. It is a good plan to line the table with zinc, since it is sometimes desirable to have the sand pretty wet, although it generally suffices to make it just damp enough to mold readily. It can be dampened with a sprinkling-can.

1. The child will play a long while without much suggestion. A little pail or bottle to be filled and emptied and refilled will furnish material for his embryonic experiments.

2. A tiny cast-iron spade (price one cent) will add materially to his happiness.

3. Shells and patty-pans of different shapes and convolutions suggest bakery plays, and mother must sample the baby's cookery. When houses and forts and churches are the order of the day, paths must be laid and bordered with stones and shells; twigs and elderberry branches make tiny trees for tiny orchards; and a little pan of water or a bit of mirror makes a wee lake. The kindergarten building gifts make substantial structures, bridges, park-benches, etc. A winding river can be painted with blue paint on the zinc. When the child's imagination flags, a word from the mother or a timely story will start a new series of plays next time.

4. Older children will enjoy reproducing in the sand the hills and valleys of their environment, the roads, woods and streams which they know, etc.

5. Tell of the western plant which, when uprooted from its loose hold in the desert sand, is sent flying by the wind over the sand, and wherever it touches makes a perfect spiral. Let the children make such spirals with a coiled piece of wire.

6. Having noticed the impression made upon the sand by the patty-pans, the child can be led to make designs with them by making a row of impressions equal distances apart, arranging these in twos, in threes, etc.

INDEX

PAGE

Abacus, 17

Acquiring Skill with Brush or Pencil, 74

Aiming Games, 95, 96, 97

Anagrams, 102

Apple-biting Contest, 132

Apple Candlestick, 24

Apple-seed Penwiper, 30

Applied Art, 76

Ash Tray, 67

Autograph Picture, 105

Badge, 123

Baking Pan Papers, 57

Balls, 96, 156

Barn, Paper Folding, 172

Beads, Second Gift, 159

Bean Bag Games, 95

Bean Bags, To Make, 95

Bed-Making, 145

Bedstead, Dolls, 87

Bells, 109, 139

Berry Baskets or Boxes, 11

Birchbark, 42

Biscuit, Thimble, 104

Block Furniture, 85

Blowing Bubbles, 51

Blowing Out Candle, 100

Boat, 22, 26, 36, 41

Blue Prints, 52

Bon-bon Papers, 58, 115

Booklist, 151

Bookmark, 58, 174

Border for Sand-table, 40

Bottling Shells, 40

Bottling Stones, 39

Boxes, 12, 15, 174

Breastpin, 71

Bristol Board, 61

Brush, Pencil or, 73

Bubbles, 51

Burnt Match Safe, 34

Butter Dishes, 41

Butterflies, 105, 121

Butterfly Party, 105

Butter Modeling, 134

Buttons, 69

Button-Box, 15

Button Mold Tops, 70

Button Mold Wheels, 70

Calendar, 74, 109

Candle, Blowing Out, 100

Candle Design, 55

Candle Making, 137

Candle Sticks, 24, 64, 138

Canoe, 43

Cardboard, 61

Cardboard Animals, 63

Cardboard Modeling, 173

Cardboard Sewing, 165

Carols, 138

Carrot Top, 45

Celluloid Butterflies, 121

Center Piece, Pumpkin, 135

Cereal Boxes, 32

Chains, 56, 115

Chased by a Goose, 78

Checkerboard, 62

Cherry Stone Game, 99

Chicken Coop, 13

Chicken, Easter, 122

Chicken, Squash Seed, 29

Child's Library, The, 149

Chinese Kite, 66

Chinese Toy, 64

Christmas, 136

Cigar-Box Bedstead, 87

Cigar-Box Dollhouse, 82

Circle Tag, 92

Classifying, 39, 40, 48

Clay, 176

Clay-pipe Doll, 80

Clock, Paper, 86

Clothespin Doll, 80

Clothespin Race, 94

Clover, Four-leaf, 48

Collecting, 39, 40, 48

Color Top, 75

Colors, Matching, 71

Cork, 36

Cork Doll, 81

Corn, 18

Corncobs, 18

Corncrib, 18

Cornhusks, 18

Cornstalks, 135

Counters for Games, 28, 62, 69

Countess of the Huggermuggers, 100

Counting Ball, 96

Cover for Medicine Glass, 166, 170

Cradle, Egg Shell, 25

Cranberries, 136

Croquet with Peas, 98

Cross Tag, 93

Cup and Ball, 96

Curtains for Dollhouse, 87

Cutlery, Toy, 36

Cutting Paper, 54, 167

Darning Egg, 44

Decorated Note-Paper, 109

Decoration Day, 123

Decorative Cherries, 114

Decorative Leaves, 47

Designs, 21, 28, 77

Dinner Souvenirs, 120, 130, 134

Dishes, Tin-foil, 35

Dish-washing, 143

Distances, Guessing, 72

Doll Furniture, 15, 37, 85

Doll-Houses, 82

Doll Park, 89

Dolls, 80

Donkey Game, 100

Drawing, 31, 72

Drums, 125

Ducking for Apples, 131

Dusting, 147

Easter, 120

Easter Card, 122, 168

Easter Chicken, 122

East Indian Fan, 43

Edam Cheese Lantern, 34

Egg-shell Boat, 26

Egg-shell Cradle, 25

Egg-shell Game, 99

Egg-shell Garden, 25

Eggs, Humpty Dumpty, 26

Egg-shell, To Blow, 25

Egg-shells, 25, 26, 99

Eighth Gift Plays, 162

Elevator, Toy, 71

Epaulettes, 56

Experiments with Color, 75

Expression with Pencil and Brush, 73

Fairy Tales, Myths, etc., 151

Fan, 43, 63

Feather, Corn-husk, 18

Feather Flowers, 49

Felt Mats, 170

Fence, 11, 19

Festival Occasions, 107

Festoons, 47

Firecracker Designs, 55

Firecracker, Imitation, 124

First Gift Balls, 156

Flags, 119

Flower-Pot, 35

Flower Rack, 37

Flowers, Feather, 49

Flowers, Pressing, 51

Foot-ball, Egg, 99

Fortune Telling, 131

Fourth of July, 124

Frieze, 48, 168

Fringed Bon-bon Papers, 58, 115

Furniture, 15, 20, 37, 85

Games and Plays, 92, 157, 158, 161

Gift Card, 166

Gifts, Kindergarten, 155

Go-Bang Board, 61

Good Luck Pigs, 109

Gourds, 44

Grace Hoops, 97

Grocery Store, 88

Guess Ball, 96

Guessing Distances, 72

Hallowe'en, 131

Hammering Soap, 31

Handkerchief Box, 42

Hanging Basket, 15, 35, 44

Hearts, 110

History and Biography Books, 152

Home Tasks, 141

Honey, Weighing, 103

House, Cob, 19

House, Doll's, 33, 82

Household Duties, 141

Humpty Dumpty Eggs, 26

Imitation Water, 31

Independence Day, 124

Indian Head-dress, 50

Ironing, 146

Jack O'Lantern, 135

Jackstones, 39

Japanese Tag, 93

Key-Basket, The, 141

Kindergarten Materials--Gifts, 155

" " --Occupations, 164

Kite, 60, 66

Labor Day, 128

" " Dinner, 130

" " Parade, 129

Lacy Valentine, 111

Lamp Mats, 170

Lamp, Toy, 86

Lantern, 33, 34, 139

" Toy, 24

Learning to Observe, 73

Leaves, to Dry and Press, 47

Lentils, 163

Library, The Child's, 149

Looms, 90

Man, Prunes, Raisins, 27

Masks, 57

Matching Colors, 71

Matchsafe, 34, 177

Mats, 18, 46, 170

Medicine Glass Cover, 166, 170

Memorial Day, 123

Merry-Go-Round, Dolls', 89

Midnight Watching, 109

Mirror, Toy, 36

Money, Toy, 36, 58

Morning Glories, Pressed, 51

Moving Van, 32

Music Books, 154

Nature Books, 153

Needle Case, 42

Needles, 71

New Year's Bells, 109

" " Day, 108

Newspaper Wrappers, 57

Numeral Frame, 17

Nuts, 22

Occupations, Kindergarten, 164

Oilcloth Mats, 170

Oiled Paper, 87

Omnibus Swing, 101

Orange Basket, 24

Paint-Box, The, 73

Paint-Brush Box, 43

Painting from Object, 73

" Wagons or Houses, 76

Paper, 54

Paper Chains, 56, 115

Paper Cutting, 54, 167

Paper Doll, 81

Paper Folding, 171

Paper Furniture, 85

Paper Lanterns, 118

Paper Mats, 169

Paper Money, 58

Paper-Weight, 40

Papering House, 85

Papers for Baking Pans, 57

Park for Dolls, 89

Parquetry, 168

Parties, Suggestions for, 103

Paste, 169

Pasteboard Doll House, 82

Paste Stick, 14

Path Borders or Markers, 39

Pea Furniture, 164

Peanut Animals, 23

" Doll, 80

" Party, 103

Pea Pod Boat, 16

Peas, 16

Peaswork, 164

Pebbles, 39

Pegboard, 160

Pencil Box, 43

Pen Tray, 67

Penwiper, 42

Perforating or Pricking, 133, 165

Piano Scarf, 41

Picture Books, 153

Picture Frames, 13, 44, 46

Picture Story, 78

Pictures of Seedling, 74

Pigments, 75

Pincushion, 41

Pin Tray, 41

Place or Luncheon Cards, 76, 108, 113, 119, 121, 127, 130, 133 134, 136

Plays or Games, 92

Plays with Gifts, 161

Plumes for Hat, 55

Poetry Books, 123, 153

Pop-corn Balls, 22

Pop-corn Chains or Festoons, 22, 139

Portieres, 21

Post Fence, 19, 160

Potato Horse, 17

" Race, 94

Pressed Leaves, 47

Pressed Morning Glories, 51

Pricking, 133, 165

Prism, 75

Prunes, 27

Pulley, Toy, 71

Pumpkin Basket or Center Piece, 135

Races, 94

Racing Tag, 93

Raffia, 45

Rafts, 19, 36

Rag Doll, 82

Raisins, 27

Ramekin Dishes, 41

Reading, 123, 133, 140, 177

Red Pepper Lantern, 24

Reins, 46

Ring Toss, 97

Road Roller, Spool, 71

Rockets, Imitation, 127

Room Decorations, 132, 135

Rope and Sandbag, 101

Rose-haw Chains or Rosaries, 51

Rosettes, 126

Rug Design, 77

Rugs, 90

Sailboat, 23, 36, 173

St. Patrick's Day, 119

" " " Dinner, 120

St. Valentine's Day, 110

" " Dinner, 112

Salt, 34

Salt Dishes, 41

Sand, 178

Sand Table, 178

Saved from the Scrap Basket, 53

Scales, Toy, 88

Scent Bag, 170

Scissors, Drawing, 72

Scrap Books, 68

Screen, Toy or Miniature, 63, 122

Second Gift Plays, 157, 158

Second Gift Beads, 159

Seedling, Drawing of, 74

Seed-markers, 11

Seeds, 27

Seventh Gift, Tablets, 162

Sewing, 165

Sewing Basket, The, 69

Shadow Game, 52

Shamrock, 119

Shells, 40

Shields, 127

Snowball, 137

Snowflakes, 59

Soap, 31

Soap Box Doll House, 84

Soldiers Caps, etc., 55

Soldier-Flowers, Milkweed, 51

Spiderweb Party, 104

" Valentine, 111

Spinning Buttons, 69, 70

Sponge Garden, 120

Spools, 70

Squash Animals, 17

Squash Seed Chicken, 29

Stained Glass Windows, 77

Sticks, Kindergarten, 156, 162

Stones and Pebbles, 39

Stove, Toy, 86

Strawberry Boxes, 11

Straws, 51

Stringing, 21, 27, 51, 69, 136

Sugar Scoop, 174

Suggestions for Parties, 103

Sun and Shadow, 52

Sunday-School Helps, 154

Surprise Walnuts, 23

Sweeping, 147

Sweet Potato Animals, 17

Sweet Potato Vine, 45

Swimming Float, 37

Swing, Omnibus, 101

Table Serving, 143

Table Setting, 142

Tablets, Kindergarten, 162

Tag, 92

Tailless Kite, 60

Target, Spool, 70

Tearing Paper, 54

Telephone Toy, for Doll House, 87

Tents, Paper, 116

Thanksgiving, 133

Thimble Biscuit Party, 104

Threading Needles, 72

Tiling, Doll House, 85

Tin Cans, 34

Tin-foil, 35

Top, 70, 75, 77

Tower Target, Spool, 70

Toy Vegetables, 40

Transparency, 47

Transparent Papers, 75

Tree-Boxes, 70

Tunnel, Paper, 172

Turnip Basket, 45

Turtle, 27

Umbrella, Toy, 167

Valentine Party Dinner, 112

Valentines, 110

Vegetable Animals, 17

Vegetables, 45

" Toy, 40

Wagon, 14, 32

Walnut Boats, 23

" Surprise, 23

Washing, 146

Washbench, Cardboard, 174

Washington's Birthday, 113

Water-color Cups, 40

Water, Imitation, 31

Waxed Leaves, 47

Weaving, 90, 169

Weighing Honey, 103

Wheels, 14, 32, 35

Windows, 77, 87

Wishbone Doll, 80

Work Box, 175

Worsted Mats, 90

Yarn Doll, 81

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Obvious printer's errors in the original publication have been corrected without comment.

Inconsistencies in the author's spelling, use of hyphens and other punctuation are retained as in the original work.

Pages 152-155 were originally printed in two columns. For the convenience of readers of this e-publication, the two columns are represented in this version in a single column.