PART VII.
THE NATION REUNITED.
L.--Johnson's Administration 323
LI.--Grant's Administration 328
LII.--Hayes's Administration 337
LIII.--Administrations of Garfield and Arthur 344
LIV.--Cleveland's Administration 350
LV.--Harrison's Administration 361
Appendix.--Constitution of the United States 371
Index 387
MAPS AND PORTRAITS.
COLORED MAPS.
PAGE
The New World, with Routes of Discoveries 24
The Colonies at the time of the French and Indian War 144
The Colonies at the time of the Revolution 192
The States in America during the Civil War 304
OUTLINE MAPS.
PAGE
The First English Settlements 48
Early Settlements in East Mass. 78
Middle Colonies 116
Washington's Route to Fort Le Bœuf 139
Lake Champlain 142
Quebec in 1759 145
Vicinity of Boston 160
New York and Vicinity 168
Central New Jersey 170
Hudson River 174
Philadelphia and Vicinity 176
The Carolinas 186
Western Battlefields of the War of 1812 223
Operations about Niagara 235
Vicinity of Manassas Junction 288
Vicinity of Richmond, 1862 298
Vicksburg and Vicinity, 1863 303
Sherman's Atlanta Campaign 312
Operations in Virginia, 1864 and 1865 318
PORTRAITS.
PAGE
George Washington 10
Christopher Columbus 25
Pedro Menendez 33
Samuel Champlain 39
Sebastian Cabot 42
Sir Walter Raleigh 44
Captain John Smith 60
Peter Stuyvesant 96
William Penn 119
Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore 123
James Oglethorpe 131
Patrick Henry 152
Marquis de La Fayette 173
Benjamin Franklin 179
Paul Jones 186
General Greene 193
John Adams 211
Thomas Jefferson 214
James Madison 221
James Monroe 244
Henry Clay 247
John Quincy Adams 248
Andrew Jackson 250
Daniel Webster 251
Martin Van Buren 254
William Henry Harrison 257
John Tyler 257
James K. Polk 261
John Charles Fremont 263
Zachary Taylor 269
Millard Fillmore 270
Franklin Pierce 273
James Buchanan 275
Abraham Lincoln 281
George B. McClellan 291
Robert E. Lee 299
Stonewall Jackson 307
William T. Sherman 311
Joseph E. Johnston 313
Philip H. Sheridan 317
Andrew Johnson 323
Ulysses S. Grant 328
Horace Greeley 331
Rutherford B. Hayes 337
Oliver P. Morton 342
James A. Garfield 344
Chester A. Arthur 346
Grover Cleveland 350
Thomas A. Hendricks 356
Benjamin Harrison 361
INTRODUCTION.
There are several Periods in the history of the United States. It is important for the student to understand these at the beginning. Without such an understanding his notion of our country's history will be confused and his study rendered difficult.
2. First of all, there was a time when the Western continent was under the dominion of the Red men. The savage races possessed the soil, hunted in the forests, roamed over the prairies. This is the Primitive Period in American history.
3. After the discovery of America, the people of Europe were for a long time engaged in exploring the New World and in becoming familiar with its shape and character. For more than a hundred years, curiosity was the leading passion with the adventurers who came to our shores. Their disposition was to go everywhere and settle nowhere. These early times may be called the Period of Voyage and Discovery.
4. Next came the time of planting colonies. The adventurers, tired of wandering about, became anxious to found new States in the wilderness. Kings and queens turned their attention to the work of colonizing the New World. Thus arose a third period--the Period of Colonial History.
5. The colonies grew strong and multiplied. There were thirteen little seashore republics. The rulers of the mother-country began a system of oppression and tyranny. The colonies revolted, fought side by side, and won their freedom. Not satisfied with mere independence, they formed a Union destined to become strong and great. This is the Period of Revolution and Confederation.
6. Then the United States of America entered upon its career as a nation. Emigrants flocked to the Land of the Free. New States were formed and added to the Union in rapid succession. To protect itself from jealous neighbors, the nation pushed her boundaries across the continent. This Period may be called the Growth of the Union.
7. But the nation was not truly free. Human slavery existed in the South. This institution engendered sectional hatred and desires for disunion which finally developed into the dark and bloody Period of the Civil War.
8. Then the reunited nation laid aside its arms and entered upon a period of prosperity and material development which has not yet reached its culmination and with which History affords no parallel.
9. We thus find seven periods in the history of our country:
I. PRIMITIVE AMERICA; prior to the coming of white men.
II. VOYAGE AND DISCOVERY; A. D. 986-1607.
III. THE COLONIES; A. D. 1607-1775.
IV. REVOLUTION AND CONFEDERATION; A. D. 1775-1789.
V. THE GROWTH OF THE UNION; A. D. 1789-1861.
VI. THE CIVIL WAR; A. D. 1861-1865.
VII. THE REUNITED NATION; A. D. 1865-1891.
In this order the History of the United States will be presented in the following pages.
HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.