CHAPTER LXXV.

FROM THE REBUILDING OF THE LONG WALLS OF ATHENS TO THE PEACE OF ANTALKIDAS.

Large plans of Konon—organization of a mercenary force at Corinth.—Naval conflicts of the Corinthians and Lacedæmonians, in the Corinthian Gulf.—Land-warfare—the Lacedæmonians established at Sikyon—the anti-Spartan allies occupying the lines of Corinth from sea to sea.—Sufferings of the Corinthians from the war being carried on in their territory. Many Corinthian proprietors become averse to the war.—Growth and manifestation of the philo-Laconian party in Corinth. Oligarchical form of the government left open nothing but an appeal to force.—The Corinthian government forestall the conspiracy by a _coup d’état_.—Numerous persons of the philo-Laconian party are banished; nevertheless Pasimêlus the leader is spared, and remains at Corinth.—Intimate political union and consolidation between Corinth and Argos.—Pasimêlus admits the Lacedæmonians within the Long Walls of Corinth. Battle within those walls.—The Lacedæmonians are victorious—severe loss of the Argeians.—The Lacedæmonians pull down a portion of the Long Walls between Corinth and Lechæum, so as to open a free passage across. They capture Krommyon and Sidus.—Effective warfare carried on by the light troops under Iphikrates at Corinth—Military genius and improvements of Iphikrates.—The Athenians restore the Long Walls between Corinth and Lechæum—expedition of the Spartan king Agesilaus, who, in concert with Teleutias, retakes the Long Walls and captures Lechæum.—Alarm of Athens and Thebes at the capture of the Long Walls of Corinth. Propositions sent to Sparta to solicit peace. The discussions come to no result.—Advantages derived by the Corinthians from possession of Peiræum. At the instigation of the exiles, Agesilaus marches forth with an army to attack it.—Isthmian festival—Agesilaus disturbs the celebration. The Corinthian exiles, under his protection, celebrate it; then, when he is gone, the Corinthians from the city perform the ceremony over again.—Agesilaus attacks Peiræum, which he captures, together with the Heræum, many prisoners, and much booty.—Triumphant position of Agesilaus. Danger of Corinth. The Thebans send fresh envoys to solicit peace—contemptuously treated by Agesilaus.—Sudden arrival of bad news, which spoils the triumph.—Destruction of a Lacedæmonian mora by the light troops under Iphikrates.—Daring and well-planned manœuvres of Iphikrates.—Few of the mora escape to Lechæum.—The Lacedæmonians bury the bodies of the slain, under truce asked and obtained. Trophy erected by Iphikrates.—Great effect produced upon the Grecian mind by this event. Peculiar feelings of Spartans; pride of the relatives of the slain.—Mortification of Agesilaus—he marches up to the walls of Corinth and defies Iphikrates—he then goes back humiliated to Sparta.—Success of Iphikrates—he retakes Krommyon, Sidus, and Peiræum—Corinth remains pretty well undisturbed by enemies. The Athenians recall Iphikrates.—Expedition of Agesilaus against Akarnania—successful, after some delay—the Akarnanians submit, and enrol themselves in the Lacedæmonian confederacy.—The Lacedæmonians under Agesipolis invade Argos.—Manœuvre of the Argeians respecting the season of the holy truce. Agesipolis consults the oracles at Olympia and Delphi.—Earthquake in Argos after the invasion of Agesipolis—he disregards it.—He marches up near to Argos—much plunder taken—he retires.—Transactions in Asia—efforts of Sparta to detach the Great King from Athens.—The Spartan Antalkidas is sent as envoy to Tiribazus. Konon and other envoys sent also, from Athens and the anti-Spartan allies.—Antalkidas offers to surrender the Asiatic Greeks, and demands universal autonomy throughout the Grecian world—the anti-Spartan allies refuse to accede to those terms.—Hostility of Sparta to all the partial confederacies of Greece, now first proclaimed under the name of universal autonomy.—Antalkidas gains the favor of Tiribazus, who espouses privately the cause of Sparta, though the propositions for peace fail. Tiribazus seizes Konon—Konon’s career is now closed, either by death or imprisonment.—Tiribazus cannot prevail with the Persian court, which still continues hostile to Sparta. Struthas is sent down to act against the Lacedæmonians in Ionia.—Victory of Struthas over Thimbron and the Lacedæmonian army. Thimbron is slain.—Diphridas is sent to succeed Thimbron.—Lacedæmonian fleet at Rhodes—intestine disputes in the island.—The Athenians send aid to Evagoras at Cyprus. Fidelity with which they adhered to him, though his alliance had now become inconvenient.—Thrasybulus is sent with a fleet from Athens to the Asiatic coast—his acquisitions in the Hellespont and Bosphorus.—Victory of Thrasybulus in Lesbos—he levies contributions along the Asiatic coast—he is slain near Aspendus.—Character of Thrasybulus.—Agyrrhius succeeds Thrasybulus—Rhodes still holds out against the Lacedæmonians.—Anaxibius is sent to command at the Hellespont in place of Derkyllidas—his vigorous proceedings—he deprives Athens of the tolls of the strait.—The Athenians send Iphikrates with his peltasts and a fleet to the Hellespont. His stratagem to surprise Anaxibius.—Defeat and death of Anaxibius.—The Athenians are again masters of the Hellespont and the strait dues.—The island of Ægina—its past history.—The Æginetans are constrained by Sparta into war with Athens. The Lacedæmonian admiral Teleutias at Ægina. He is superseded by Hierax. His remarkable popularity among the seamen.—Hierax proceeds to Rhodes, leaving Gorgôpas at Ægina. Passage of the Lacedæmonian Antalkidas to Asia.—Gorgôpas is surprised in Ægina, defeated, and slain, by the Athenian Chabrias; who goes to assist Evagoras in Cyprus.—The Lacedæmonian seamen at Ægina unpaid and discontented. Teleutias is sent thither to conciliate them.—Sudden and successful attack of Teleutias upon the Peiræus.—Unprepared and unguarded condition of Peiræus—Teleutias gains rich plunder, and sails away in safety.—He is enabled to pay his seamen—activity of the fleet—great loss inflicted upon Athenian commerce.—Financial condition of Athens. The Theôrikon.—Direct property-taxes.—Antalkidas goes up with Tiribazus to Susa—his success at the Persian court—he brings down the terms of peace asked for by Sparta, ratified by the Great King, to be enforced by Sparta in his name.—Antalkidas in command of the Lacedæmonian and Syracusan fleets in the Hellespont, with Persian aid. His successes against the Athenians.—Distress and discouragement of Athens—anxiety of the anti-Spartan allies for peace.—Tiribazus summons them all to Sardis, to hear the convention which had been sent down by the Great King.—Terms of the convention, called the peace of Antalkidas.—Congress at Sparta for acceptance or rejection. All parties accept. The Thebans at first accept under reserve for the Bœotian cities.—Agesilaus refuses to allow the Theban reserve, and requires unconditional acceptance. His eagerness, from hatred of Thebes, to get into a war with them single-handed. The Thebans are obliged to accept unconditionally.—Agesilaus forces the Corinthians to send away their Argeian auxiliaries. The philo-Argeian Corinthians go into exile; the philo-Laconian Corinthians are restored. 326-388

HISTORY OF GREECE.