CHAPTER III.

MEMBERS OF THE HELLENIC AGGREGATE, SEPARATELY TAKEN.—GREEKS NORTH OF PELOPONNESUS.

Amphiktyonic races.—Non-Amphiktyonic races.—First period of Grecian history—from 776-560 B. C.—Second period—from 560-300 B. C.—Important differences between the two—the first period preparatory and very little known.—Extra-Peloponnesian Greeks (north of Attica) not known at all during the first period.—General sketch of them.—Greeks north of Thermopylæ.—Thessalians and their dependents.—Thessalian character.—Condition of the population of Thessaly—a villein race—the Penestæ.—Who the Penestæ were—doubtful.—Quadruple division of Thessaly.—Disorderly confederacy of the Thessalian cities.—Great power of Thessaly, when in a state of unanimity.—Achæans, Perrhæbi, Magnêtes, Malians, Dolopes, etc., all tributaries of the Thessalians, but all Amphiktyonic races.—Asiatic Magnêtes.—The Malians.—The Œtæi.—The Ænianes.—Lokrians, Phocians, Dorians.—The Phocians.—Doris—Dryopis.—Historical Dryopes.—The Ætolians.—The Akarnanians.—Ozolian Lokrians, Ætolians, and Akarnanians, were the rudest of all Greeks.—The Bœotians.—Orchomenus.—Cities of Bœotia.—Confederation of Bœotia.—Early legislation of Thebes.—Philolaus and Dioklês. 269-298