Chapter 3

ASSUR-BANI-PAL

_THE MEDES AND CIMMERIANS: LYDIA--THE CONQUEST OF EGYPT, OP ARABIA, AND OF ELAM._

_Last years of Sennacherib--New races appear upon the scene--The Medes: Deiokes and the foundation of Ecbatana, the Bit-Dayaukku and their origin--The races of Asia Minor--The Phrygians, their earliest rulers, their conquests, and their religion--Last of the Heraclidæ in Lydia, trade and constitution of their kingdom--The Tylonidæ, and Mermnadæ--The Cimmerians driven back into Asia by the Scythians--The Treves._

_Murder of Sennacherib and accession of Esarhaddon: defeat of Sharezer (681 B.C.)--Campaigns against the Kaldd, the Cimmerians, the tribes of Cilicia, and against Sidon (680-679 B.C.); Cimmerian and Scythian invasions, revolt of vie Mannai, and expeditions against the Medes; submission of the northern Arabs (678-676 B.C.)--Egyptian affairs; Taharqa (Tirhakah), his building operations, his Syrian policy--Disturbances on the frontiers of Elam and Urartu._

_First invasion of Egypt and subjection of the country to Nineveh (670 B.C.)--Intrigues of rival claimants to the throne, and division of the Assyrian empire between Assùr-bani-pal and Shamash shumukîn (668 B.C.)--Revolt of Egypt and death of Esarhaddon (668 B.C.); accession of Assur-bani-pal; his campaign against Kirbît; defeat of Taharqa and reconstitution of the Egyptian province (667 B.C.)--Affairs of Asia Minor: Gyges (693 B.C.), his tears against the Greeks and Cimmerians; he sends ambassadors to Nineveh (664 B.C.)._

_Tanuatamanu reasserts the authority of Ethiopia in Egypt (664 B.C.), and Tammaritu of Elam invades Karduniash; reconquest of the Said and sack of Thebes--Psammetichus I. and the rise of the XXVIth dynasty--Disturbances among the Medes and Mannai--War against Teumman and the victory of Tulliz (660 B.C.): Elam yields to the Assyrians for the first time--Shamash-shumukin at Babylon; is at first on good terms with his brother, then becomes dissatisfied, and forms a coalition against the Ninevite supremacy._

_The Uruk incident and outbreak of the war between Karduniash, Elam, and Assyria; Elam disabled by domestic discords--Siege and capture of Babylon; Assur-bani-pal ascends the throne under the name of Kandalanu (648-646 B.C.)--Revolt of Egypt: defeat and death of Gyges (642 B.C. ): Ardys drives out the Cimmerians and Dugdamis is killed in Cilicia--Submission of Arabia._

_Revolution in Elam--Attack on Indabigash--Tammaritu restored to power--Pillage and destruction of Susa--Campaign against the Arabs of Kedar and the Nabatæans: suppression of the Tyrian rebellion --Dying struggles of Elam--Capture of Madaktu and surrender of Khumban-khaldash--The power of Assyria reaches its zenith._