CHAPTER XII

THE RISE OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 170

Relations of chemistry to physics. Relations of heat to chemical phenomena. Improvements in the mercurial thermometer. Newton. Shuckburgh. Brooke Taylor. Cavendish. Black. Discovery of latent heat by Black. Discovery of specific heat. Experiments of Lavoisier and Laplace. Law of Dulong and Petit: its value in determining atomic weights. Specific heat of compounds. Neumann. Discovery of isomorphism by Mitscherlich. Foreshadowing of the kinetic theory of gases. Discovery of the law of gaseous diffusion by Graham. Liquefaction of gases. Monge and Clouet. Northmore. Faraday. Value of a knowledge of weights of unit volumes of gases in determining their molecular weights. Methods of vapour-determination by Dumas and Gay Lussac. Dalton and Henry’s law of gaseous solubility. Work of Schröder and Kopp on volume relations of liquids and solids. Connection between the chemical nature of a liquid and its boiling-point.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 183

INDEX 187

HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY