iii. 503;

exped. of, iii. 504.

Moya, R., jefe of C. R., 1844, iii. 227.

Muñoz, F., execution of, 1517, i. 457-9.

Muñoz, J. B., 'Historia del Nuevo Mondo,' i. 197-8.

Muñoz, Gen. J. T., siege of Leon, 1844, iii. 197; promotion of, iii. 240; operations, etc., of, 1845, iii. 241-3; revolt of, 1851, iii. 256; negotiations, iii. 260; death, 1855, iii. 330.

Murillo, Lieut-col A., victory at Tecuaname, 1855, iii. 261.

N

Nacaome, diet of, 1848, iii. 208.

Naco Valley, exped. to, ii. 145, 147, 156-7.

Nancintlan, burning of, 1524, i. 668.

Napoleon I., usurpation of, iii. 2.

Naranjo, battle of, 1876, iii. 462.

Narragansett Bay, settlement founded at, 1000, i. 76.

Narvaez y la Torre, Brigadier A., gov. of Pan., 1801, iii. 489.

Natá, surprised by Espinosa, 1516, i. 423; settlement founded at, i. 505-9.

Natá, Cacique, capture of, 1515, i. 414; surrender of, 1516, i. 423-4; exped. against, i. 424-5; revolt of, 1517, i. 431.

Nava, J. de, gov. of C. R., 1773, ii. 622.

Navarrete, M. F. de, works of, i. 69, 198-200; biog., 198.

Navas y Quevada, A. de las, bishop of Nic., 1667, ii. 443-4.

Navigation, internal, iii. 667-8.

Navío, picture of, i. 189.

Nebah, capture of, 1530, ii. 111-12.

Negroes, importation of, ii. 386-7; regulations concerning, ii. 389-90.

Neira, G., president of Pan., 1872-3, iii. 538-41.

Nelson, H., exped. to Nic., 1780, ii. 609-11.

'New Collection of Voyages,' ii. 750.

Newfoundland, Leif lands at, 1000, i. 76.

New Granada, rebellion in, 1810-13, iii. 493-6; state of, organized, 1831, iii. 513; revolution in, 1840, iii. 515-16; difficulty with England, 1836, iii. 518; with U. S., 1855, iii. 519; 1856-7, iii. 520-2; mining in, iii. 659-60; treaty with U. S., 1846, iii. 700-1.

New laws, publication of the, 1543, ii. 240; provisions, ii. 240-1; opposition to the, ii. 242-3, 301-2, 323; repealed, 1545, ii. 325; opposition to, ii. 334-5, 338.

New St Andrew, founding of, 1698, ii. 576.

Newspapers, iii. 27-8, 273, 288, 290, 559, 584, 622, 627.

'New Universal Collection,' ii. 750.

'New Voyages and Travels,' ii. 751.

Nicaragua, Dávila's exped. to, 1522-3, i. 483-94; maps of, i. 513; ii. 175; iii. 258; church affairs in, ii. 168-9, 443-4, 612-17; iii. 632-3; revolts in, ii. 274-8; iii. 240-2, 259-61; settlements, etc., of, ii. 434, 437-8; Dominicans in, ii. 436-7; commerce of, ii. 438; piratical raids in, 1685-6, ii. 553-62; diputacion provincial in, iii. 47; annexation to Mex., 1821, iii. 47-8; internal strife in, 1833-7, iii. 170-7; juntas gubernativas, iii. 170-2; assembly, iii. 172-3, 243, 257-60, 367, 475-8; earthquake, etc., in, 1835, iii. 176-7; secession, 1838, iii. 178; British mediation requested, 1839-40, iii. 186-7; war with Hond., 1844, iii. 194-200; union with Salv. and Hond., iii. 209-11; C. R. boundary question, iii. 231-3; British claims, iii. 239-40; British aggressions in Mosquitia, iii. 244-51; hostilities with England, 1848, iii. 251-2; Zeledon-Wyke treaty, 1860, iii. 252-3; treaty with Spain, 1850, iii. 253; concordat, iii. 253; foreign relations, iii. 254; difficulty with U. S., 1854, iii. 254-5; with Germany, 1876, iii. 256; declared a republic, 1852-4, iii. 257; war with Guat., 1850-3, iii. 279-80; Walker's campaign in, 1855-6, iii. 328-46; cholera in, 1855, iii. 330; war with C. R., 1857, iii. 362; junta de gobierno in, 1857, iii. 365; revenue, iii. 366-7; constitution, iii. 367; rebellion in, 1869, iii. 471-4; difficulty with C. R., 1873-5, iii. 479-82; jesuitic seditions, iii. 484-5; opposition to Barrios, 1885, iii. 486; boundaries, iii. 567; departments, etc., iii. 567-8; cities, iii. 568-9; population, 1883, iii. 588; colonization in, iii. 591-2; character of population, iii. 599-601; dress, etc., iii. 601-2; dwellings, iii. 602; mode of life, iii. 603; amusements, iii. 603-4; education, iii. 622-4; administr. of justice, iii. 641-3; army, iii. 646-7; agric., iii. 652-3; mining, iii. 657-8; manufact., iii. 661; revenue, etc., iii. 683; debt, iii. 483, 683; railroads, iii. 708.

Nicaragua, Cacique, Dávila's visit to, 1522, i. 486-9; attacks the Spaniards, iii. 493.

Nicaragua, isthmus, project for canal, iii. 694-8.

Nicaragua, Lake, discovery of, 1522, i. 489.

Nicoya, Cacique, Dávila's meeting with, 1522, i. 485-6.

Nicoya, province, incorporated with C. R., 1825, iii. 179.

Nicoya, town, the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 277-8.

Nicuesa, D. de, biog., etc., of, i. 292-4; gov. of Castilla del Oro, i. 294-6; quarrel with Ojeda, i. 296-7; exped. to Veragua, 1509, i. 296-308; relieved by Colmenares, i. 331-2; reception at Antigua, i. 334-5; deposal, i. 335; fate of, i. 335-6.

'Niña,' voyage of the, 1492-3, i. 159-64.

Nindiri, volcano, eruption of, 1775, ii. 608.

Niño, Pilot A., exped., etc., of, 1522-3, i. 478-93.

Niño, P. A., voyage of, 1499, i. 186.

Nito, Cortés' arrival at, 1525, i. 565-7; sickness, etc., at, i. 567-8; site of, abandoned, i. 568, 570.

Niza, Friar M. de, exped. of, 1539, i. 151-2; rept of, ii. 205.

Nombre de Dios, name, i. 307; Nicuesa at, i. 307-8; fort of, built, 1510, i. 307-8; departure of garrison, i. 337-8; abandoned, i. 331-3; 412-13; refounded, 1519, i. 471; trade, etc., of, ii. 248-9; Nombre de Dios, Verdugo's invasion of, ii. 263-4; Gasca at, 1546, ii. 267-9; 1550, ii. 282-3; the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 278, 281-3; removal of site, etc., ii. 396-9; Drake's attack on, 1572, ii. 405-6; destroyed by Drake, 1595, ii. 422.

Norí, Cacique, execution of, ii. 55-6.

North-west passage, discov. of, iii. 689-91.

'Notes de Voyage en Centre Amérique,' iii. 676-7.

'Nouvelle Bibliothèque des Voyages,' ii. 757.

Nueva Andalucía, name, i. 294; Ojeda's exped. to, 1509-10, i. 294-301.

Nueva Jaen, founding of, ii. 186.

Nueva Segovia, freebooters at, 1687, ii. 563-4.

Nueva Valladolid, growth, etc., of, 1557-74, ii. 640-1; earthquake in, 1774, ii. 640.

'Nuevo Viajero Universal,' ii. 758.

Nuñez, A., Nicuesa's exped., 1509-10, i. 307-8.

Nuñez, J., vice-jefe of Nic., 1835, iii. 177.

Nuñez, Capt. V., capture, etc., of, ii. 257-8.

Nutibara, Cacique, defeat of, ii. 54.

O

Oajaca, city, capture, etc., of, iii. 6.

Obaldía, J. de, gov. of Pan., 1858, iii. 528.

Obaldía, Col A., revolt of, 1868, iii. 537-8.

Occhuc, Tzendales repulsed at, 1712, ii. 703-4.

Ococingo, massacre at, 1712, ii. 699.

Ojeda, A. de, voyage of, 1499-1500, i. 111, 186; 1502, i. 118-19; early career, etc., of, i. 292-4; gov. of Nueva Andalucía, i. 294-6; quarrel with Nicuesa, i. 296-7; exped. of, 1509, i. 296-301; death, i. 301.

Olancho, sedition in, 1829, iii. 109-11; revolt at, 1844, iii. 310.

Olancho Valley, occupation of, 1526, i. 589-90.

Olano, L. de, Nicuesa's exped., 1509-10, i. 301-7; ill treatment of, i. 332-3; death, i. 441.

Olarte, V., see Galindo, V. O.

Olaziregui, V., gov. of Pan., 1769, ii. 584.

Olid, C. de, exped. to Hond., 1524, i. 524; character, i. 525; treachery of, i. 526-7; meeting with Gonzalez, i. 527-8; fight with Casas, etc., i. 529-30; assassination, i. 531-3.

Olmos, P. de, defeat of, ii. 109-10.

Omoa, bombardment of, 1873, iii. 320.

O'Neill, Gen., exped. to Belize, 1798, iii. 314.

Orbita, Friar J. de, mission to Itza, 1618, ii. 673-5.

Ordoñez, Col C., commandant at Granada, iii. 59; revolt of, 1824, iii. 171-2.

Orduña, F. de, juez de residencia, 1529, ii. 105-6; exped. of, ii. 110-11; prosecution, etc., of, 1530, ii. 117-18.

Oreamuno, F. M., jefe of C. R., 1844, iii. 226-7; vice-president, 1853, iii. 237.

Orosco, Presbyter L. de, assassination of, ii. 709.

Ortega, J., president of Pan., 1878, iii. 543-4.

Ortiz, A., exped. of, ii. 148.

Orueta y Irusta, J. B. de, gov. of Pan., 1709, ii. 583.

Osorio, D. A., bishop of Nic., 1531, ii. 168-9.

Ostuncalco, Indian outbreak at, iii. 123.

Osuña, J. V. de, capture of Copan, 1530, ii. 115.

Ovalle, Missionary P. de, labors of, ii. 644.

Ovando, N. de, gov. of Española, 1502, i. 249; instructions to, i. 249-50; exped. of, i. 250; administr. i. 250-2, 256, 259-61, 266-8.

Oviedo, G. F. de, biog., i. 310; works of, i. 150, 310-12; veedor at Antigua, 1514, i. 390; efforts in Spain, 1515, i. 463-4; 1523, i. 511-12; regidor perpetuo de Antigua, i. 473; rule, i. 474-5; deposed, i. 476; departure, etc., 1528, i. 477; capt.-gen. of Cartagena, i. 593.

Oxenham, J., exped. to Pan., 1575, ii. 418.

Oxib Quieh, King, accession of, 1524, i. 645; plot of, i. 646; capture, etc., of, 648.

Orozco y Berra, 'Cartografía Mexicana,' i. 70.

P

Pacheco, Gen., defeat of, 1829, iii. 97.

Pacific Ocean, see South Sea.

Paiz, Brigadier G., cabinet-minister, 1845, iii. 268-9.

Palahunoh Pass, Alvarado's victory at, 1524, i. 634-6.

Palomar, J. M., in command at Trujillo, 1820, iii. 24.

Palomino, J. A., exped. to Nic., ii. 262.

Panaguali, Cacique, execution of, ii. 91.

Panamá (see also Castilla del Oro), audiencias of, ii. 57-8, 370-1, 585; slavery, etc., in, ii. 232-3; commerce, etc., in, ii. 390-3, 587, 594; iii. 672-5; shipping, ii. 392; pearl fisheries, ii. 394-5, 585; mining, ii. 395-6, 585-6; iii. 659-60; Drake's raids in, 1572, ii. 405-17; Oxenham's exped., 1575, ii. 418; officials of, ii. 471; smuggling in, ii. 473-4; iii. 491-2; church affairs, i. 500-1, ii. 474-80; iii. 635-7; Morgan's raids in, 1668-71, ii. 483-515; Indian raids in, 1745-74, ii. 581-2; incorporated with New Gran., 1718, ii. 584; revenue, iii. 490, 686-7; industrial depression in, iii. 490; population, etc., iii. 490-2, 580-1; viceregal seat at, 1812, iii. 494; Macgregor's invasion of, 1818-19, iii. 498-501; revolution in, 1821, iii. 602-7; 1831, iii. 514; 1840, iii. 514-15; 1868, iii. 536-7; annexed to Colombia, 1821, iii. 506-8; slavery abolished in, iii. 509; subjugation of, iii. 515-16; declared a state, 1855, iii. 525, 529; constitution of, iii. 526, 540, 542, 544; disturbances in, 1883-4, iii. 546-8; a national department, iii. 559; boundaries, etc., iii. 577-8; departments, iii. 578; cities, iii. 578-9; women of, iii. 581-2; education in, iii. 583-4; literature, iii. 584; amusements, iii. 584-5; epidemics, etc., iii. 585-6; administration of justice, iii. 644-5; army, iii. 645-6; agric., iii. 654-5; currency, iii. 675-6; telegraphs, iii. 708-9.

Panamá, city, name, i. 404; post established on site of, 1517, i. 429; founding of, 1519, i. 468; progress, etc., of, i. 495-500; arms of, i. 500; slave market at, i. 608-9; Pizarro's exped., ii. 1-15; proposed removal of site, 1531, ii. 247; prosperity, etc., of, ii. 249-50; pillage of, ii. 255; Hinojosa's conquest of, 1545, ii. 255-61; Gasca at, 1546-7, ii. 269-72; captured by Contreras, 1550, ii. 279-81; Bermejo's defeat at, ii. 284-6; sickness at, ii. 399-400; official embezzlement at, ii. 401-2; defences of, ii. 402-3; decadence of, 1610, ii. 470; convent establd. at, 1592-8, ii. 475-6; fires at, 1644, ii. 479; 1737-71, ii. 582; prosperity of, 1645-70, ii. 480-1; descriptions of, ii. 502-3; iii. 578-9; captured by Morgan, ii. 504-7; destruction of, 1671, ii. 507-8; site of, removed, ii. 517-18; rebuilding of, ii. 517-19; naval combat off, 1680, ii. 534-7; freebooters defeated off, 1685, ii. 552-3; revolution at, 1821, iii. 504-8; gen. congress at, 1826, iii. 510-12; disturbances at, 1856, iii. 520-1; 1859-60, iii. 528-30.

Panamá Isthmus, infested with criminals, iii. 518-19; guard of the, 1854, iii. 519; transit refused, iii. 522-3; order restored at, iii. 524; protection of the, iii. 539-40, 551-8; disturbances at, 1885, iii. 550-7; canal, iii. 698-700, 703-6; railroad, iii. 700-2.

Panciaco, story of the South Sea, i. 348; kindness to the Spaniards, i. 383.

Parada, J. G. de, bishop of Guat., 1729-36, ii. 710-11.

Paredes, A. G. de, exped., etc., of, 1695, ii. 687-90.

Paredes, M., president of Guat., 1849, iii. 277; treachery of, iii. 277-8.

Paris, Cacique, defeats Badajoz, 1515, i. 415-17; tomb of, plundered, i. 468.

Parker, Capt. W., exped. of, 1602-3, ii. 465-8.

Pasamonte, M. de, treasurer-general at Santo Domingo, 1508, i. 266-7.

Pasaquina, battle of, 1876, iii. 404.

Pastora, F. F. de la, gov. of C. R., 1746, ii. 622.

Paterson, W., the Scots' colony, 1695-9, ii. 570-7.

Patinamit, description of, i. 655-6; Alvarado's reception at, 1524, i. 656-7; abandoned by natives, 1524, i. 683-4; sack, etc., of, 1525, ii. 77; battle of, 1526, ii. 84.

Patzicia, pronunciamiento at, 1871, iii. 420-1.

Paul III., bull of, 1531, ii. 239.

Pavon, M. F., minister of relations, etc., 1844, iii. 192; death of, 1855, iii. 283.

Paz, M. J., jefe of Guat., 1838, iii. 159.

Paz, R., president of Guat., 1840-4, iii. 266-7.

Pazaco, Alvarado attacked at, 1524, i. 669.

Pearl fisheries, of Pan., ii. 394-5, 585; condition of, iii. 676.

Pearl Islands, named, 1513, i. 377-8; Morales' exped. to, 1515, i. 408-11; Balboa at, 1517, i. 445-52; yield, etc., of, iii. 676.

Pedrarias, D., character, etc., i. 387, 615-16; capt.-gen. of Castilla del Oro, 1514, i. 387; armament, i. 389; retinue, etc., i. 389-91; instructions to, i. 391-2, 397-9; voyage, i. 392; landing at Antigua, i. 393-4; exped. to Cenú, 1515, i. 417; founds Acla, i. 418; feud with Balboa, i. 432-3; fraud of, i. 435-6; duplicity, i. 452, 455; Balboa's trial and execution, 1517, i. 456-9; founds Panamá, 1519, i. 468; residencia of, i. 474, 594-6; resignation, i. 474; dispute with Gonzalez, i. 481-3; exped. against Urracá, i. 507-8; exped. to Nic., 1526, i. 587-92; 1528, i. 605; Pizarro's exped., i. 612-13; death, 1530, i. 614.

Pedraza, Licentiate C. de, arrival in Hond., 1538, ii. 292; intercession of, ii. 298; bishop, ii. 299; administr., ii. 299-308.

Peinado, J. M., intendente of San Salv., ii., 13-14.

Pelaez, F. de P. G., 'Memorias,' ii. 732-3, 737; archbishop of Guat., iii. 630.

Pelham, C., 'The World,' ii. 751.

Peñalver y Cardenas, L., archbishop of Guat., iii. 29.

Peralta, F. de, naval combat off Pan., 1680, ii. 535-7.

Peraza, Friar V. de, bishop of Pan., i. 501; ii. 59.

Perez, A., insurrection of, 1512, i. 355-6; captures Natá, 1515, i. 414.

Perez, B., viceroy of New Gran., 1812, iii. 494-5.

Perez, J., works of, iii. 345-6.

Perez, M., director of Nic., 1843, iii. 239.

Perie, J., gov. of C. R., 1779, ii. 622.

Perks, W., command, etc., of, iii. 93-4.

Peru, Pizarro's conquest of, ii. 1-42; map, ii. 9; traditions, ii. 16-17; annals, ii. 17-18; Alvarado's exped. to, ii. 38-9, 122-30; rebellion in, 1544-7, ii. 252-73.

Peten, capture of, 1697, ii. 692-3.

Peten, lake, Cortés at, i. 559-61.

Piedrahita, Bishop L. F., works of, ii. 62.

Pierzon, Col J., operations of, 1826, iii. 148-9; execution, iii. 150.

Pineda, D. de, juez de comision, ii. 178.

Pineda, Gen. J. L., director of Nic., 1851-3, iii. 256; revolt against, iii. 256; defeat of, 1855, iii. 332.

Piñeda y Zaldaña, T. M., bishop of Salv., iii. 632.

Pinelo, A. de L., works of, i. 287-8; ii. 762.

Pinkerton, J., works of, ii. 755-6.

Piñol y Aycinena, B., archbishop of Guat., 1868, iii. 630.

'Pinta,' voyage of the, 1492-3, i. 159-64.

Pinta, A., capture of San José, 1842, iii. 219-20; biog., iii. 219; execution of Morazan, iii. 222; comand.-gen., iii. 224; dismissal, iii. 225-6.

Pinto, J. A., vice-president of C. R., 1872, iii. 381-2.

Pinzon, M. A., voyage, etc., of, 1492-3, i. 158-63.

Pinzon, V. Y., voyage of, 1492-3, i. 112, 158-63; 1499, i. 186; 1506, i. 122, 289.

Pisa, A. de, captures Dururua, ii. 68; exped. to C. R., ii. 192-9.

Pizarro, F., joins Ojeda's exped., 1509, i. 298; at San Sebastian, i. 321-3; defeats Cemaco, i. 344; Balboa's exped., 1514, i. 376; Tabira's, i. 407; exped. to the Pearl Islands, 1515, i. 408-11; arrests Balboa, 1517, i. 452-3; exped. against Urracá, i. 504-5; character, etc., ii. 1-3; conquest of Peru, ii. 3-38; commission, ii. 13; assassination of, ii. 40-2.

Pizarro, G., conquest of Peru, ii. 13; gov. of Quito, ii. 251; revolt of, 1544, ii. 252-4; conquest of Pan., ii. 254-61; defeat of, ii. 272; execution, ii. 273.

Pizarro, H., conquest of Peru, ii. 22-40; death, ii. 40.

Pizarro, J., conquest of Peru, ii. 13.

Pizarro, Friar J., martyrdom of, 1586, ii. 433.

Pizarro y Orellana, F., works of, ii. 273.

Pocoa, Cacique, attack on Natá, etc., 1527, i. 510.

Pocorosa, Cacique, meeting with Balboa, etc., 1513, i. 381-2; captures Santa Cruz, 1515, i. 403; attacks Guzman, i. 405-6.

Ponca, Cacique, exped. against, 1512, i. 346; welcomes Balboa, i. 361-3.

Ponce, Gen. F., president of Pan., 1868, iii. 536.

Poncra, Cacique, Balboa's cruelty to, i. 379-80.

Pontaz, Friar, labors of, ii. 133.

Pontaza, Friar F. M. de, hermitage establ. by, 1524, i. 638.

Porque, Cacique, defeat of, 1513, i. 363-4.

Portobello, Columbus at, 1502, i. 216; Nicuesa at, 1510, i. 307; fair, etc., at, ii. 48-9; site of Nombre de Dios removed to, 1597, ii. 399; captured by Parker, 1602, ii. 466-8; description of, ii. 468-70; treasure fleet at, ii. 468-9; captured by Morgan, 1668, ii. 483-9; sacked by pirates, 1679, ii. 519; captured by Vernon, 1739, ii. 588-91; by MacGregor, 1819, iii. 498-9; recaptured, iii. 501.

Poveda, A., gov. of Nic., 1722, ii. 607.

Prado, M., vice-president, Cent. Amer. republic, 1830, iii. 112-13; jefe of Salv., 1832-4, iii. 122, 167; rule, iii. 167-8.

Prescott, W. H., works of, i. 242-6.

Press, freedom of, established, iii. 44-5.

Prestan, P., outrages of, 1885, iii. 551-3.

Prévost, Abbé A. F., works of, ii. 746-8.

Prior, P., 'Informe,' ii. 762.

'Provincias Unidas del Centro de América,' established, 1823, iii. 68; debt of, iii. 667-8.

Ptolemy, maps of, i. 130, 147.

Pueblo Nuevo, pirates defeated at, 1680, ii. 539; 1686, ii. 557.

Pueblo Viejo, captured by freebooters, 1686, ii. 556.

Puente, A. de la, treasurer at Antigua, 1514, i. 390.

Puerta, C. M. de la, labors of, in Tegucigalpa, ii. 642; martyrdom of, ii. 643.

Puerto de Caballos, Alvarado at, 1539, ii. 204; raids on, 1595-6, ii. 639; 1603, ii. 650; site of, removed, ii. 650.

Puerto Dulce, founding of, ii. 651.

Puerto Príncipe, captured by Morgan, ii. 483.

Puertocarrero, P., battle of Xelahuh, 1524, i. 639; character, ii. 87-8; exped. to Zacatepec, ii. 88-91; capture of Sinacam's stronghold, ii. 93-5; invasion of Chiap., 1526, ii. 227-8.

Purchas, S., works of, ii. 742-4.

Q

Qat, King, Alvarado's embassy to, i. 622-3.

Quadra, V., president of Nic., 1871-5, iii. 475-81.

Quarequá, Balboa at, 1513, i. 363-4.

Quauhtemotzin, King, execution of, 1524, i. 551-4.

Quema, Cacique, capture, etc., of, 1516, i. 426.

Quesada, Dr A. R. de, president of the audiencia of the Confines, 1555, ii. 358; administr., ii. 358-60.

Quevedo, J. de, bishop of Darien, 1514, i. 390; mediation, etc., of, i. 436-9; departure for Spain, i. 461; dispute with Las Casas, i. 462-3; memorials of, i. 463; death, i. 463.

Quezada, convention of, 1844, iii. 193.

Quezaltenango, founding of, 1524, i. 638; riot at, iii. 88-9; state congress at, 1826, iii. 148; captured by Pierzon, iii. 149; revolt at, iii. 283; affair at, 1871, iii. 422.

Quiché, power, etc., of, i. 620-2; map of, i. 629; conquest of, i. 634-6, 643-51.

Quijano, Lieut-col, protest, etc., of, iii. 250.

Quiñones, F., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14.

Quintana, works, etc., of, ii. 42.

Quiroga, M. de, gov. of Nic., 1780, ii. 608.

R

Rábago, J. de E., exped. of, ii. 425-6.

Rada, J. de, assassination of Pizarro, ii. 40-1.

Railroads in Cent. Amer., iii. 700-2, 706-8.

Ramirez, D., mission to Chiap., 1543, ii. 338.

Ramirez, Friar H., bishop of Pan., 1644, ii. 479.

Ramirez, J., bishop of Guat., 1600, ii. 381.

Ramirez, M., director of Nic., 1849, iii. 256.

Ramirez, N., jefe of Salv., 1841, iii. 286.

Ramirez, P., exped. to Lacandon, 1559, ii. 363-5.

Raon, J., gov. of Pan., 1762, ii. 584.

Raoul, N., commander of artillery, etc., 1825, iii. 83; arrest, iii. 85-6.

Reactionists, Guat., choice of president, 1848, iii. 274; efforts of, 1872, iii. 427-9; 1873, iii. 433.

Realejo, the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 277; piratical raid on, 1684, ii. 548; 1685, ii. 555; 1686, ii. 560; blockade of, 1846, iii. 240.

'Recopilacion de Leyes de las Indias,' i. 257-8.

'Recueil de Voiages au Nord,' ii. 749-50.

Regent of Audiencias, office of, created, 1776, ii. 714-15.

Remesal, Friar A. de, works of, ii. 339-40, 736-7.

Repartimiento, system, description of, i. 262-6.

'República de Colombia,' name adopted, iii. 558.

Residencia, explanation of term, i. 250.

Revenue, of Cent. Amer. states, iii. 677-87.

Revolutions, Carrera's Guat., 1837-40, iii. 127-44; Alfaro's C. R., iii. 219-22; against Carrera, 1847-8, iii. 271-3; Menendez', 1885, iii. 411; Granados-Barrios, 1871, iii. 419-24; in Pan., 1821, iii. 502-7; 1840, iii. 515-16; 1868, iii. 536-7; 1875, iii. 541-2.

Ribera, Dr, defeats Verdugo, ii. 263-4.

Ribera, Duque de, bishop of Pan., 1594, ii. 475.

Ribera, P. E. de, bishop of Guat., 1659-68, ii. 667-8.

Ribero, D. de, Nicuesa's exped., 1509-10, i. 302-4.

Richardson, J., 'Polar Regions,' iii. 709.

Rincon, Gen. B. T. M. del, president of Guat., 1789-94, ii. 728.

Ringrose, B., adventure of, 1680, ii. 530-2; naval combat off Pan., ii. 535-7; works, etc., of, ii. 568.

Rios, P. de los, gov. of Castilla del Oro, 1526, i. 592-3; rule, i. 593-4; exped. to Nic., i. 602-4; Pizarro's conquest, ii. 6-8, 12; character, etc., ii. 44-5; usurpation of, ii. 177-8.

Riotte, Gen. C. N., intervention of, 1869, iii. 474.

Rivas, Friar, mission to Lacandon, 1685, ii. 680-1.

Rivas, F. R. de, president of Guat., 1716-24, ii. 706.

Rivas, President P., denounces Walker, iii. 349; govt of recognized, iii. 350; colonization decree of, 1855, iii. 592.

Rivas, city, Walker's defeat at, 1856, iii. 344-5; siege of, 1857, iii. 358-60.

Roads, in Pan., 1541-56, ii. 247-8; in Hond., 1539-47, ii. 293-4; of Cent. Amer., iii. 669.

Roatan, island, captured by pirates, etc., ii. 647-8; restored, iii. 113; British seizure of, iii. 319.

Roberts, O. W., 'Narrative of Voyages,' iii. 247-8.

Robertson, W., works of, i. 196-7.

Robles, Dr, exped. to El Desaguadero, ii. 176; gov. of Castilla del Oro, ii. 245; oidor, 1538, ii. 245; residencia of, ii. 245-6.

Rodriguez, J. M., revolt of, 1811, iii. 13.

Rojas, D. de, capture, etc., of, 1530, ii. 113.

Rojas, G. de, in charge at Acla, 1515, i. 418; exped. of, 1525, i. 577-8; 1526, i. 589-92.

Ruano, Capt. J., mention of, i. 536.

Rueda, P. M. de, president of Guat., 1589-93, ii. 382.

Ruiz, Pilot B., exped. to Peru, ii. 5-8.

Runnels, R., chief of isthmus guard, iii. 519.

Ruscelli, map of, 1544, i. 148.

Ruysch, J., map of, 1508, i. 126.

S

Saavedra, H., capt.-gen. of Hond., 1525, i. 574, 582; Pedrarias' exped. against, 1526, i. 589-92.

Sacasa, Col C., general order of, iii. 47; comand.-gen. of Nic., iii. 48; measures, iii. 48-9.

Sacasa, J., deputy to córtes, iii. 26.

Sahquiab, Cacique, defeat of, 1525, i. 699-700.

Salaya, H. de, death of, i. 501.

Salaya, Licentiate S. de, alcalde mayor of Antigua, 1522, i. 475.

Salazar, A. de, the Zacatepec revolt, 1525, i. 694.

Salazar, Gen. C., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14; biog. iii. 131-2; victory at Villanueva, 1838, iii. 135-6.

Salazar, Factor G. de, proceedings of, 1530, ii. 16; usurpation, etc., of, ii. 75-6.

Salazar, L., pronunciamiento of, 1868, iii. 378.

Salcedo, D. L. de, gov. of Hond., 1525, i. 598; rule, i. 599-600; exped. to Nic., i. 600-5; imprisonment, etc., of, i. 605-7; return to Trujillo, 1529, ii. 145; death, ii. 146.

Salguero, R., the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 274-86; death, ii. 286.

Salinas, Minister, suggestions to Nic. assembly, 1847, iii. 243-4.

Salvador, Alvarado's invasion of, i. 669-76; independence proclaimed in, 1821, iii. 45; protest of, 1822, iii. 57; war with Guat., iii. 57-8, 90-100, 278-80, 401-5, 409-10; with Mex., 1822-3, iii. 62-4; secession of, iii. 116-17, 168; departments, iii. 165; state govt organized, 1824, iii. 165-6; church affairs in, iii. 166, 632; maps of, iii. 191, 205; war with Nic., 1844, iii. 196-200; with Hond., iii. 202-6, 393-9, 428, 455-62; union with Nic. and Hond., iii. 209-11; assembly, iii. 285-7, 397-8, 407; constitution, iii. 286, 308, 397-8, 407-9; invasion of, iii. 295; difficulty with England, 1849, iii. 297-8; declared a republic, iii. 300-1; seal of, iii. 301; Walker's exped., iii. 350-61; earthquake in, 1873, iii. 399-400; prosperity of, 1874, iii. 400; disturbances in, 1875, iii. 400-1; revolution in, 1885, iii. 411-12; boundaries, etc., iii. 571-2; polit. divisions, iii. 572; govt, iii. 572-3; cities, iii. 573-4; population, etc., iii. 588, 604-6; immigration, iii. 591; dress, iii. 606; mode of life, iii. 606-7; education in, iii. 624; administr. of justice, iii. 641; army, iii. 647-8; agric., iii. 652; mining, iii. 658; manufact., iii. 661; revenue, etc., iii. 681; debt, iii. 681-2; railroads, iii. 707-8.

'Salvador,' ship, case of the, 1864, iii. 522.

Sámano, viceroy of New Gran., 1821-2, iii. 503.

Samayoa, J. M., minister of war, Guat., 1876, iii. 402; exile of, iii. 419.

San Bartolomé Island, capture of, 1780, ii. 609-10.

San Buenaventura, Father J. de, mission of, 1695, ii. 690.

San Cárlos, fort, capture of, 1665, ii. 441; 1812, iii. 14; attack on, 1769, ii. 608-9.

San Cristóbal, freebooters at, 1625, ii. 453-4.

San Fernando, seat of Nic. govt at, iii. 240.

San Fernando de Omoa, fort, building of, ii. 645; captured by English, 1779, ii. 646; recaptured, ii. 647.

San Gil de Buenavista, site of, transferred, i. 565.

San Jorge de Olancho, founding of, 1530, ii. 121.

San José, Morazan besieged at, 1842, iii. 219-20; treaty of, 1858, iii. 232-3; pronunciamiento at, 1868, iii. 378; émeute at, 1870, iii. 379.

San Juan, J. N., deputy to córtes, iii. 26.

San Juan de Puerto Rico, Drake defeated at, 1595, ii. 422.

San Juan del Norte, British aggression at, iii. 249-52; bombardment of, 1854, iii. 254-5.

San Juan, fort, capture of, 1780, ii. 611.

San Juan River, exploration of, 1528, i. 607-8.

San Lorenzo, fortifications of, ii. 494; captured by Bradley, 1670, ii. 494-6; castle, etc., of, destroyed, ii. 514; captured by Vernon, 1740, ii. 59.

San Lúcas, affair at, 1871, iii. 423.

San Miguel, federal defeat at, 1828, iii. 95; sack, etc., of, 1875, iii. 400-1; occupied by Solares, 1876, iii. 404; description of, iii. 574.

San Miguel, gulf of, named by Balboa, 1513, i. 373.

San Martin, J. M. de, president of Salv., iii. 299.

San Pedro, L'Olonnois' raid on, ii. 458-9.

San Salvador, revolt at, 1811, iii. 13-14; 1814, iii. 20; 1844-5, iii. 200-1; junta at, 1821, iii. 45; Arzú's attack on, 1822, iii. 60-1; 1828, iii. 94; Filisola's exped. against, iii. 62-4; aid sought from U. S., iii. 64; Arce's repulse at, 1827, iii. 91; captured by Morazan, 1832, iii. 117-18; a federal district, 1835, iii. 120; convention at, 1840, iii. 143-4; seat of federal govt, iii. 152, 168-9; earthquake at, 1854, iii. 300; siege of, 1863, iii. 306; description of, iii. 573-4.

San Sebastian, founding of, 1510, i. 299-300; abandoned, i. 321-5; rebuilt, ii. 50.

Sanabria, Alcalde, mention of, ii. 71-2.

Sanchez, Pilot B., in Verag., 1503, i. 225-6.

Sandé, Dr F., president of Guat., 1593-6, ii. 382; gov. of Nueva Galicia, 1596, ii. 382-3.

Sandoval, J. L., director of Nic., 1845-7, iii. 240-2.

Santa Ana, captured by Arce, 1826, iii. 92; affair at, 1827, iii. 93; battle of, 1871, iii. 395-6; treaty of, 1876, iii. 406.

Santa Catarina, buccaneer colony at, i. 461-3; captured by Morgan, 1670, ii. 493, 496.

Santa Clara, B. de, treasurer at Santo Domingo, i. 267.

Santa Coloma, Gen. P., president of Pan., 1863, iii. 533.

Santa Cruz, settlement of, founded, 1514, i. 400; destroyed, 1515, i. 403.

Santa Fé de Bogotá, revolt at, 1810, iii. 493.

Santa María, piratical raid on, 1680, ii. 520-8.

'Santa María,' voyage of the, 1492, i. 159-62.

Santa Marta, viceregal seat at, 1813, iii. 495.

Santa Rosa, insurrection in, 1871, iii. 424-5.

Santa Tecla, insurrection at, 1883, iii. 408.

Santiago, city (see also Guatemala, city), founding of, 1524,