ii. 49; the orthography here adopted is from the letters of

the cabildo, in _Arévalo_, _Col. Doc. Antig._, 39, 45.

[XXI‑24] Presbyter ... and visitador of the provinces of Popayan and Guatemala. _Escamilla_, _Not. Cur._, MS., 2.

[XXI‑25] At the end of July, according to Remesal, _Hist. Chyapa_, 646; Feb. 12, 1565, according to Juarros, _Guat._, ii. 49. In January of 1564 the cabildo were awaiting his arrival. In the following December they say that he arrived August 2d of the previous year, 'del año pasado,' which is evidently an error, the same year being meant.

[XXI‑26] _Cabildo_, _Carta_, Dec. 20, 1564, in _Arévalo_, _Col. Doc._, 39. Remesal, _Hist. Chyapa_, represents Landecho's rule as very corrupt; that he was placed under arrest in his own house by Brizeño, and that to escape a fine of 30,000 pesos he secretly fled to the coast, embarked, and perished at sea. Remesal also states that all the oidores were suspended excepting one, whose name he does not give, and all fined in sums varying from 3,000 to 9,000 pesos. Juarros follows, in brief, Remesal's account of the corrupt rule, arrest, fine, escape, and death of Landecho, and the fining of the other oidores, including Loaisa, who he says was retained. In the account of Brizeño's arrival, however, he gives the popular tradition that the visitador came first in disguise and made himself known only to the prior of the convent of Mercy, with whom he lodged. Having learned from personal observation and conversations the true state of affairs, he proceeded to the town of Petapa, whence he announced his arrival to the audiencia and cabildo. The letter of the cabildo cited above does not favor either of these versions. It says: 'De la visita resultó quedar suspendido el Presidente y Gobernador que en ella estaba, juntamente con el Lic. Jufre de Loaisa Oidor.'

[XXI‑27] Corn sold at the exorbitant price of four tostones a fanega, and bands of men and women went about the country seeking work sufficient to enable them to obtain food. _Remesal_, _Hist. Chyapa_, 641, 645.

[XXI‑28] Private residences, and churches, and convents, were greatly damaged; many Indians were buried under the ruins of their houses, and the inhabitants were compelled to live in temporary shelters or in the open air, while constant prayers were offered to appease the divine wrath. _Remesal_, _Hist. Chyapa_, 647; _Juarros_, _Guat._, i. 88; ii. 353.

[XXI‑29] Minutes of _Cabildo, Jan. 29, 1580_, quoted by _Remesal_, _Hist. Chyapa_, 559-60.

[XXI‑30] At this time Francisco del Valle Marroquin was acting as procurator at court for the city of Guatemala. In a letter dated Feb. 20, 1564, he informed the cabildo that the transfer of the audiencia had already been determined upon, and about a month later wrote that in consequence of the dissatisfaction with which the procurator from Peru had left the court, the council deemed it a favorable opportunity to transfer the audiencia. _Marroquin_, _Cartas_, cited in _Pelaez_, _Mem. Hist. Guat._, i. 164-6. In 1563 the audiencia of Quito was established. _Décadas_, in _Pacheco_ and _Cárdenas_, _Col. Doc._, viii. 35. The foregoing facts would appear to imply that the transfer of the audiencia had some connection with political changes in Peru. Whatever were the motives of the crown for this measure, they were too urgent to be effected by the powerful influence brought to bear against this change, which is indicated by the letters of Marroquin.

[XXI‑31] Remesal, _Hist. Chyapa_, 646, gives May 17, 1564, as the date of the first decree, and Juarros, _Guat._, ii. 49, Sept. 17, 1563. The dates here adopted are those given in _Panamá_, _Reales Cédulas_, in _Pacheco_ and _Cárdenas_, _Col. Doc._, xvii. 531-2.

[XXI‑32] _Marroquin_, _Carta_, Feb. 20, loc. cit., and _Panamá_, _Reales Cédulas_, loc. cit.

[XXI‑33] _Cabildo_, _Cartas_, in _Arévalo_, _Col. Doc. Antig._, 37-40; _Panamá_, _Cédulas Reales._ loc. cit.; _Remesal_, _Hist. Chyapa_, 646-7. Juarros, _Guat._, i. 259-60, says Oidor Loaisa conveyed the seal.

[XXI‑34] _Cabildo_, _Carta_, March 12, 1570, in _Arévalo_, _Col. Doc. Antig._, 43-4, mentions the audiencia as already in Santiago. Remesal, _Hist. Chyapa_, 657-8 bis, says that Gonzalez was appointed June 28, 1568, but that he found decrees of September 27, 1567, and March 3, 1568, addressed to the audiencia of Guatemala. According to this same author the audiencia arrived on the 5th of January 1570. Juarros, _Guat._, i. 260; ii. 50, gives June 28, 1568, and Jan. 25, 1569, as the dates of the decrees ordering the removal of the audiencia, and in the dates of the appointment of Gonzalez and the arrival of the audiencia at Santiago follows Remesal.

[XXI‑35] _Mem. Hist. Guat._, i. 169. See also _Juarros_, _Guat._, ii. 50; _Remesal_, _Hist. Chyapa_, 658 bis. The oidores composing the audiencia were the licentiates, Jufre de Loaisa, Valdés de Carcamo, and Cristóbal Asqueta. See last two authorities cited.

[XXI‑36] _Carta_, in _Arévalo_, _Col. Doc. Antig._, 44-5. Remesal, _Hist. Chyapa_, 659, says that he was honorably acquitted and returned to Spain, in which he is followed by Juarros, _Guat._, i. 260. Escamilla, _Not. Cur._, MS., says Brizeño went to Santa Fe de Bogotá as president of that audiencia.

[XXI‑37] By Remesal he is sometimes called Domingo de Ara. Dávila says he constructed a vocabulary of the language of Chiapas.

[XXI‑38] 1590, says _Fernandez_, _Hist. Ecles._, 114, but the above date is confirmed by _Dávila_, _Teatro Ecles._, 197; _Concilios Prov._, i. 325, and _Remesal_, _Hist. Chyapa_, 653.

[XXI‑39] According to Calle, _Mem. y Not._, 125, the bishopric was established in 1556. Gonzalez Dávila, _Teatro Ecles._,