History of biology

Part 11

Chapter 11937 wordsPublic domain

Cuvier, G. _Histoire des Sciences Naturelles_. Publiée par M. de Saint-Agy. Two vols., 1841. Taken down from Cuvier's lectures, but not revised by him.

Though far from trustworthy (the first volume especially), this history mentions many interesting facts, and suggests inquiries which may be pursued with advantage.

Foster, Sir M. _Lectures on the History of Physiology_. Cambridge Natural Science Manuals, 1901.

Green, J. R. _History of Botany_, 1860-1900. A continuation of Sachs's History. Clarendon Press, 1909.

Sachs, J. _History of Botany_, 1530-60. English translation. Clarendon Press, 1889.

An outline of the History of Palæontology is prefixed to Zittel's _Handbuch der Palæontologie_, Bd. 1. (1876-80). English translation, 1900-2.

The ninth edition of the _Encyclopædia Britannica_ often contains useful references. See for example the articles Biology, Embryology, Medicine, Parasitism, and Zoology.

Biographical dictionaries are of course indispensable. _The Dictionary of National Biography_, the _Biographie_ _Universelle_, the _Nouvelle Biographie Universelle_, the _Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie_, and the _Biographie Nationale de Belgique_ will be frequently consulted.

* * * * *

Among the old authors who can be read for pleasure as well as for profit the present writer would include:—

Baker, H. _The Microscope Made Easy._ Second ed., 1743.—_Employment for the Microscope._ 1753.

Belon, P. _Observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses mémorables trouvées en Grece, Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie, et autres pays estranges._ 1553.

—— _Histoire de la nature des Oyseaux._ 1555.

Buffon, Comte de. _Histoire Naturelle._ Forty-four vols., of which thirty-six appeared during Buffon's lifetime. 1749-1804. Selected passages only.

Cuvier, G. _Ossemens Fossiles._ 1812. Fourth ed. in ten vols., besides two of plates, 1834-36. Selected passages only.

Hooke, R. _Micrographia._ 1665.

Huber, F. _Nouvelles observations sur les Abeilles._ 1792. Second ed., two vols., 1814.

—— J. P. _Recherches sur les mœurs des Fourmis indigènes._ 1810.

Le Roy, G. _Lettres sur les Animaux._ 1781. Reprinted, 1862.

Linnæus, C., and his Pupils. _Amœnitates Academicæ._ Seven vols., 1749-69.

Contain interesting discussions here and there among much that is now valueless.

—— _Lachesis Lapponica; or, A Tour in Lapland._ Translated by Sir J. E. Smith from the original diary. Two vols., 1811.

Ray, J. _Catalogus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium._ 1660.

Réaumur, R. A. F. de. _Histoire des Insectes._ Six vols. 1734-42.

Redi, F. _Experiments on the Generation of Insects._ Translated from the Italian edition of 1688 by Mab Bigelow. Chicago, 1909.

Roesel von Rosenhof, A. J. _Insecten-belustigungen._ 1746-61.

Turner, W. _On Birds._ 1544. Translated by A. H. Evans, 1903.

INDEX

AFFINITY, 17, 51

Agassiz, 122

Albrecht, 61

Aldrovandi, 13

America, discovery of, 24, 112

Aristotle, 2, 16, 17 _n._, 30, 39, 45, 47, 63, 73, 102 _n._

Aselli, 21

BACON, FRANCIS, 39

—— Roger, 28

Bacteria, 137

Baer, Von, 66, 102, 104, 121, 127

Bagehot, 135

Baker, 67, 69

Barry, 106

Belon, 13

Bernard of Breydenbach, 23

Bestiaries, 6, 23

Bichât, 105

Bock, 9, 12, 37, 124

Bonnet, 45, 60

Bonpland, 118

Bossuet, 66

Brown, 105 _n._

Brunfels, 9, 12

Buffon, 40, 45, 63, 68, 71, 94 _n._, 95, 120, 130

Busbecq, 113

Butler, 67

CAIGNARD-LATOUR, 137

Caius, 19, 67

Camerarius, 48

Cesalpini, 12, 17 _n._, 34, 37, 80, 85

Chamisso, 100

Charlemagne, 25

Clodd, 65 _n._

Clusius, 111, 113

Cole, 86

Compton, 116

Copernicus, 20

DARWIN, C., 46, 66, 75, 91, 92, 120, 121, 124

—— E., 120

Davaine, 138

Descartes, 69

Dioscorides, 4

Dumas, 106

Duverney, 36

ENCYCLOPÆDIC Naturalists, 12

Erasistratus, 4

Evelyn, 111, 115, 116

Experiments of ancient Greeks, 3

FABRICIUS, 21

Fagon, 115

Flemings, 26

Fontana, 105 _n._

Forbes, 131

Fries, 17

Frisch, 37, 67

Fuchs, 9, 12

GAERTNER, 86

Galen, 4, 21

Galileo, 28

Galton, 63 _n._, 135

Geer, De, 37, 68

Gerarde, 20

Gesner, 11, 13, 17 _n._, 18, 19, 20, 113

Goethe, 80, 81, 84, 85

Greenhouses, 114

Grew, 32, 47, 86

HALES, 68, 77

Hamm, 34

Harvey, 21, 102

Hedwig, 87

Heide, 37

Helmont, Van, 77, 136

Herophilus, 4

Hofmeister, 83, 85, 108, 109, 122

Hooke, 29, 34, 37, 105

Hothouses, 114

Huber, 68, 77

Humboldt, 118

Hume, 72

Hutton, 66

INGENHOUSZ, 79

JUSSIEU, B. de, 51

—— A. L. de, 51

KANT, 120

King, 36

Kirby, 68

—— and Spence, 55, 133

LAMARCK, 46

Laplace, 120

Leeuwenhoek, 32, 40, 58, 60, 68, 86, 106, 137

Leibnitz, 45, 64

Leroy, 68, 73

Lessing, 120

Lindsay, 86

Linnæus, 48, 49, 52, 64, 80, 82, 85, 87, 90, 92, 124, 130

Lister, Lord, 138

—— M., 35, 43, 67

L'Obel, 12, 26, 124, 130

Locke, 70

Lyell, 66, 67, 94, 121

Lyonet, 34, 58, 60, 61, 67

MALPIGHI, 32, 36, 40, 45, 47, 127

Marco Polo, 23

Master, 36

Mattioli, 113

Medicine and botany, 7

Méry, 37, 38, 67

Micheli, 87

Microscope, 28, 48

Middle Ages, 5, 6, 25

Millington, 47

Mohl, 106

Montagu, 68

Montesquieu, 63, 120

Morgan, Lloyd, 74

Morison, 86

Moufet, 20

NEEDHAM, 40

Newton, 63

OLIVER and Scott, 83, 85

_Ortus Sanitatis_, 16

PALEY, 133

Palissy, 34

Pallas, 46

Parkinson, 20

Pasteur, 136

Pecquet, 22

Perrault, 36, 37, 67

Peter Martyr Angierius, 24

Physiologus, 6

Pliny, 5

Plumier, 115 _n._

Pope, 45

Poupart, 37, 38, 67

Prévost, 106

Priestley, 77

QUACKELBEEN, 113

RATHKE, 104, 127

Ray, 17 _n._, 22, 35, 38, 41, 48, 68, 124

Réaumur, 37, 40, 54, 60, 64, 68, 70, 87

Redi, 39

Rhineland, 11

Roesel von Rosenhof, 67, 69, 100

Rondelet, 13

Rudbeck, 22

SARS, 101

Saussure, De, 79

Schleiden, 105

Scott and Oliver, 83, 85

Schwann, 105, 106, 137

Seneca, 28, 113

Serres, Olivier de, 26

Smith, 35

Socrates, 133

Spallanzani, 40

Spence, 68

Spencer, 122

Sprengel, 89

Stenson, 34

Suminski, 108

Swammerdam, 29, 37, 38, 40, 70, 86, 103, 106, 133

THEOPHRASTUS, 2, 47

Titius, 124 n.

Tournefort, 38

Tradescant, 115

Trembley, 57

Turner, 18, 67

Tyson, 36

VALLISNIERI, 40

Vesalius, 20, 21

Vico, 63

Voltaire, 35

WALLACE, 120

Wallis, 22

White, 68

Wolff, 80, 82, 84, 85, 103

Woodward, 34

Wotton, 18

YEAST, 136

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End of Project Gutenberg's History of biology, by Louis Compton Miall