Part 76

a township with a scattered population, about a mile north from Wrockwardine, at the census of 1841 had 98 inhabitants. The township contains 357A. 0R. 17P. of land. Rateable value, £796. 16s. The principal landowners are W. S. Lawley, Esq.; Miss Cludde; Henry Povall, Esq.; Mr. Samuel Nevett; Messrs. Juckes and Dixon; Mr. William Franks; and Sarah and Robert Clarke. The river Tern bounds the township for a short distance; it is also watered by two small streams, and intersected by the Shropshire union railway. The hamlets of CROSS GREEN, RUSHMORE, and BROOMFIELD HOUSE are within the bounds of this township. BROOMFIELD HOUSE is a handsome brick residence, pleasantly situated, the residence of Mr. Thomas Edwards.

DIRECTORY.—Marked * are at Cross Green, † Rushmore, and the rest at Allscott.—Robert Clarke, farmer and maltster; Sarah Clarke, farmer and maltster; Francis Delves, butcher and farmer; Edward Ditcher, farmer, the Hall; Thomas Edwards, farmer, Broomfield; * William Edwards, blacksmith; † William Edwards, shoemaker; William Franks, farmer; Roger Hawkins, farmer and corn miller; * John Hollis, shoemaker and beerhouse keeper; Thomas Lees, farmer and gardener; George Milnes, farmer; † Francis Phipps, gardener; * Ambrose Robinson, beerhouse; † William Smith, shoemaker; Charles Tew, farmer and maltster; † James Ambrose, machine maker.

BRATTON,

a small township comprising 459A. 0R. 19P. of land, is pleasantly situated two miles and a quarter north-west by west from Wellington. At the census of 1841 here were 66 inhabitants. Rateable value, £755. The soil is mostly a strong loam, with some portions of clay. The chief landowners are Miss Cludde, Thomas Eyton, Esq., and the trustees of the Shrewsbury Free Grammar School.

The principal residents are Thomas Basnett, farmer; William Blackmore, shopkeeper; John Felton, farmer and butcher; Thomas Plant, farmer; Joseph Read, gamekeeper; Joshua Sankey, farmer; Samuel Tudor, vict., the Gate; George West, vict., Buck’s Head, Long lane; James Winnall, farmer, Rushmore.

BURCOTT, LEATON, CLOTLEY, AND CLUDDLEY,

are separate townships, but returned as one division of the parish, and together contain 614A. 3R. 22P. of land. Rateable value, £1,020. They are situated near to the Wrekin, and intersected by the Shrewsbury, Birmingham, and Wellington turnpike roads; by the Street, Lane, and Watling Street. On this great thoroughfare is a commodious family hotel and posting house, situate at Hay-gate, in the occupancy of Mr. John Henry Taylor. The situation is delightful, and being the nearest hotel to the Wrekin, it is the frequent resort of parties who visit that far-famed Salopian mountain. The land at Burcott is the property of Mrs. Cludde; at Clotley, Mrs. Mary and Mr. Henry Stillgoe are the proprietors; the Leaton estate is the property of John Stanier, Esq., and Miss Crowther; and at Cluddley, Mrs. Cludde and Thomas Baddeley are the principal owners. BURCOTT HALL, the residence of Charles Emery, Esq., is pleasantly situated a short distance from the Wrekin, and surrounded with park-like grounds, well timbered. The farm premises are very extensive, and situated a short distance from the hall. LEATON HALL, an ancient mansion in a salubrious and delightful situation, is the residence and property of John Stanier, Esq.

DIRECTORIES.—_Burcott_: Charles Emery, Esq., the Hall; Samuel Nicholls. tailor. _Clotley_: Henry Charles Stillgoe, farmer and corn miller; Mrs. Mary Stillgoe, Clotley House; Richard Shelton Stillgoe, farmer. _Cluddley_: Thomas Baddeley, farmer; Richard Bailey, farmer, the Hall farm; John Edwards, farmer, Wrekin farm; Thomas Nigington, farmer. _Leaton_: John Clayton, farmer, Wheatfields; John Stanier, Esq., the Hall; Harriman Willings, farmer.

CHARLTON

is a township and village, in a salubrious situation, two miles S.W. by S. from Wrockwardine, embracing 714A. 1R. 25P. of land, mostly a fertile district, producing good crops of barley and other grain. At the census in 1841 there were 101 inhabitants. The Shrewsbury and Wellington railway passes through the township, and has a station near to the village, which also lies contiguous to Shrewsbury, Wellington, and Shiffnal turnpike road. Rateable value, £1,007. The Duke of Cleveland is lord of the manor and owner of the whole township. From the few fragmentary remains of CHARLTON CASTLE, it was no doubt a place of consequence in by-gone days. The ruins are mantled with ivy, and the moat which surrounded it may still be traced. Not far from the castle are several artificial mounds, which may have been raised for military purposes in past ages. As it is in the line of road of the celebrated Roman station at Wroxeter it may have had some connection with that important military station.

The principal residents are William Capsey, butcher; Robert Hawkins, farmer; Henry Povell, farmer; John Pritchard, farmer.

LONG LANE,

a small township, comprising 379A. 0R. 37P. of land, stretches for two miles in length, and is situated about three miles north from Wellington. In 1841 there were 137 inhabitants within the bounds of this township. The houses are chiefly small cottage residences. The chief landowners are Thomas Eyton, Esq., William Henry Dickinson, Esq., and Mr. John Jones. CHESHIRE COPPICE, the residence of William Henry Dickinson, Esq., is an ancient structure, situated on a gentle eminence, which commands some fine views of the distant country.

DIRECTORY.—William Henry Dickinson, Esq., Cheshire House; John Griffiths, farmer; John Jones, farmer; John Jones, jun., farmer; Susannah Smith, farmer.

WROCKWARDINE WOOD

is a populous township, four miles and a half S.W. from Newport, and four miles and three quarters N.E. from Wellington. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the collieries and iron works in the immediate vicinity. The township contains 502A. 0R. 8P. of land, and in 1841 had 342 houses and 1,698 inhabitants. Rateable value, £2,836. 4s. The collieries are the property of the Duke of Sutherland, and held in lease by the Lilleshall company. THE CHURCH is a brick structure, dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It was built in 1833, and contains 610 sittings, of which 420 are free and unappropriated in consequence of a grant from the Incorporated Society for Building Churches. It is endowed with the small tithes of Wrockwardine Wood, and the living has been augmented with grants from Queen Anne’s Bounty. There is a neat font, which was the gift of Mr. Thomas Webb, late churchwarden. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Wrockwardine, and incumbency of the Rev. Reginald Yonge, B.C.L. THE PRIMITIVE METHODISTS have a chapel, built in 1832, which will hold about 500 persons. The structure and fittings have cost altogether £498. THE NATIONAL SCHOOL was built in 1830, partly by subscription and partly by the National Society. It stands a little north from the church, and has an attendance of about sixty boys and forty girls;

TRENCH LAKE is a straggling district on the Wellington and Newport turnpike road, three miles from the former place and five miles from the latter. The houses are chiefly in the township of Wrockwardine Wood, but also extend into the township of Eyton-on-the-Wild-Moors. THE WESLEYAN METHODISTS have a chapel here, built in 1823. The Earl of Bradford is the principal landowner; Mr. Webb is also a proprietor.

WROCKWARDINE WOOD AND TRENCH LAKE DIRECTORIES.

_Marked * are in Wrockwardine Woody and the rest in Trench Lane_.

Barker Richard, tailor

Beech William, shoemaker

Bennett John, Esq., Coal Works (Proprietor)

Bourne Mary, beerhouse

* Bowen Rebecca, schoolmistress

* Bowen William, schoolmaster

* Bullock John, manager to Donington Wood Mill Company

Chilton Thomas, butcher

* Chilton William, blacksmith

Davies George, hat maker

Deakin George, farmer

Downing Mary, milliner and dressmaker

Downing Thomas, saddler

Farmer Henry, beerhouse

* Fenn William, shoemaker

* Getley Henry, butcher

* Getley Elizabeth, shopkeeper

Green James, victualler, Old Shaw Birch

* Grieves Rev. Joseph, Primitive Methodist

Hill Richard, shopkeeper and beerhouse

Jeffs Richard, shopkeeper

Johnson James, farmer

Johnston Thomas, shopkeeper

Jones Edward, farm bailiff

* Jones Thomas, victualler, Queen’s Head

* Kite Jane, shopkeeper & victualler, White Horse

Latham James, farmer

* Leese Mary Ann, milliner and dressmaker

Lockley Samuel, blacksmith

Lowe Thomas, shoemaker and beerhouse

Mainwaring Mary and Son, shopkeepers

Manwaring Richard, victualler, The Crown

* Martin John, victualler, The Lamb, and shopkeeper

* Millward Mary, shopkeeper

Paice William, railway gate keeper

Palmer Thomas, tailor

Parton John, saddler

Pickering James Richard, vict., Dun Cow

Reynolds Evan, shoemaker

* Simpson William, shoemaker, and vict., Bull’s Head

Slaney Henry, confectioner

Taylor William, farmer

Wakely Dorothy, victualler, Duke of York

Webb Catherine, maltster and victualler, King’s Arms

* Yonge Rev. Reginald, B.C.L., incumbent, The Parsonage

WROXETER

is a parish in the Wellington division of the South Bradford Hundred, situated on the eastern bank of the river Severn, which contains the townships (for highway purposes) of Donnington, Dryton, Eyton-upon-Severn, Norton, Rushton, and Wroxeter. The parish comprises 4,212 acres of land, of which 188 acres are in woods and plantations, roads, and waste. Gross estimated rental, £7,131. Rateable value, £6,274. 3s. 6d. The Duke of Cleveland is the most considerable landowner. Lord Berwick and the Vicar of Wroxeter are also owners: the former is lord of the manor and holds a court leet and baron. There is a considerable portion of stiff soil in the parish, which is mostly used for arable purposes. A sandy soil prevails in some places; the meadows and grazing land on the banks of the Severn have a rich herbage. At the census of 1801 the parish contained 544 inhabitants; and in 1841 there were 126 houses and 636 inhabitants. The houses in general are composed of brick and slated, and have a respectable appearance.

THE VILLAGE OF WROXETER is delightfully situated on elevated ground, near the eastern banks of the Severn, five miles and three-quarters S.E. from Shrewsbury, commanding fine views over a rich and beautiful country of the Wrekin, and of the hilly country in the Condover Hundred. The turnpike road from Shrewsbury to Wellington, Ironbridge, and Bridgnorth, intersects the township, and a little north from the village the river Tern has its confluence with the Severn. Wroxeter is generally supposed by our antiquaries to be the _Uriconium_, one of the cities of the Cornavii, the ancient inhabitants of Britain. This city was also called Wreckencester, which is manifestly retained in the name of the adjacent hill, The Wrekin, to this day; from which the word Uriconium itself may proceed. Whether the town was built by the Romans or the Britons is uncertain; but that the former fortified it is most likely, since the river Severn hereabouts has more fords than in any other place. The foundation of a bridge is sometimes discernible at low water, which was at first discovered by some workmen erecting a wear upon the river. The circumference of the wall which surrounded the city was about three miles, and was built upon a gravel full of pebble stones. The wall was three yards broad, with a deep trench on the outside, which may be traced in several places to this day. The remains of the walls are called by the inhabitants the Old Works at Wroxeter; being about twenty feet high and a hundred feet in length, made of hewn stone, distinguished with seven rows of British bricks at equal distances, and arched within, after the manner of the Britons. Where these remains appear, it is thought the citadel stood, and what favours the opinion is the evenness of the ground, and the rubbish of walls that lie in great heaps thereabouts. It is supposed by some that the blackness of the soil in certain places proceeds from the fire that burnt the town, but it can hardly be conjectured that the footsteps of such a casualty should remain so long, especially since the ground has been so often ploughed up and exposed to the weather. The Roman coins found here are a proof of the antiquity of the place. The lords of the manor, from time to time, have obliged all their lease tenants, under certain penalties, to bring all the old coins they meet with to them. The coins found are generally so rusty and decayed that the inscription is scarcely legible or the image to be distinguished. None of the Saxon coins have ever been found here, which is a proof that the place was destroyed before the Danish times. It is impossible to look upon the fields, teeming in rich luxuriance, and remembering that there flourished a Roman city, not a vestige of which remains but the fragments of a wall, without sensibly feeling the instability of human greatness, and exclaiming with Cowper:—

“We turn to dust, and all our mightiest works Die too. The deep foundations that we lay, Time ploughs them up, and not a trace remains. We build with what we call eternal rock; A distant age asks where the fabric stood? And in the dust, sifted and search’d in vain, The undiscoverable secret sleeps,”

The graves that have been met with here are deep and wide, the corpse enclosed in red clay, both under and over, and to prevent the mixture of other mould with that clay, the graves were faced on the sides with slates, and then covered with stones, sometimes five or six upon one grave; bones have been found that were interred after this manner, which contributed to their preservation several hundred years. Teeth have been taken out of the jaw-bones of men near three inches long, and many thigh bones have been found of full a yard in length. Several urns have been discovered within the memory of man, after digging four or five feet deep in the earth, and it is to be noted that as the dead bodies are here buried in red clay, so urns are found deposited in red sand. About half a century ago were discovered three large urns composed of a beautiful transparent green glass, each having one handle elegantly ribbed, and severally containing burnt bones, and a glass lachrymatory. Several earthen urns, an earthen lamp, and a few Roman coins were also found at the same place, the whole being covered with large flat stones. Tesselated pavements, sepulchral stones with inscriptions, moulds for coining money; seals, an Apolla elegantly cast in lead; copper, gold, and silver coins, and many interesting remains of Roman manufacture, have from time to time been found whilst excavating on this site. A stone altar found near the vicarage in the year 1824, is thus inscribed:—

“BONO REI PVBLICAE NATVS.”

The precise epoch of the first establishment of this Roman station at Wroxeter has been hitherto held as uncertain by all historians, but a recent event has thrown some light on this historical point. In 1844 a large brass coin of the Emperor Trajan, in a fine state of preservation, was found imbedded in the mortar of the Roman wall (usually called the old works) still remaining at Wroxeter, which warrants a conclusion that although the erection of this station might have been posterior to the reign of Trajan, it would seem clear that this station could not have been raised at an earlier period. Marcus Ulpius Trajanus Crinitus, or Marcus Ulpius Nerva Trajanus, was born A.D. 53. He was governor of Germania under the Emperors Domitian and Nerva, and in the year 97 was associated with the latter in the government of the empire, and invested with the titles of Cæsar and Imperator. He succeeded Nerva, and took the title of Augustus in A.D. 98, and died in the year 117. It may therefore reasonably be supposed, from the perfect state and freshness of the above mentioned coin, that the station of Uriconium was built either at the latter end of the first or early in the second century.

THE CHURCH is an ancient structure, dedicated to St. Andrew, consisting of nave, chancel, and side aisles, with a massive square tower, ornamented with a clock, and the heads of rude figures of a grotesque character. The interior is neatly pewed. The living is a vicarage valued in the king’s book at £11. 18s., now returned at £330, in the patronage of the Duke of Cleveland, and enjoyed by the Rev. Edward Egremont, M.A., who resides at the vicarage, a good residence a short distance from the church. The Duke of Cleveland, Lord Berwick, and Mrs. Jenkins, are the impropriators of the rectoral tithes, which were commuted in 1840 for £606. 6s. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £248. 14s.

CHARITIES.—Thomas Alcock, who died in 1627, gave twenty marks yearly towards the support of a free grammar school for the instruction of youth of the parishes of Wroxeter and Uppington. An addition was made to this endowment by the will of Richard Stevinton in 1652, whereby he gave a rent charge of £13. 6s. 8d., issuing out of his lands in Arleston, in the parish of Wellington. There is a school and schoolhouse situate at Donnington, and six acres of land adjoining thereto, but it is not known from whom this property was derived. The school premises have been greatly improved at the expense of the master, and are worth about £12 a year. The school has been considered as free for classical instruction only to forty children of the inhabitants of Wroxeter and Uppington, but there is no document showing that the number of free scholars is thus limited; and it is to be observed that the benefaction of Richard Stevinton was for the use of a master who should teach English as well as Latin. Scholars educated in this school are entitled to the benefit of two of the exhibitions founded by Edward Careswell, an account of which has already been noticed with the Royal Free Grammar School at Shrewsbury.

From an entry made in the churchwarden’s book in 1765, it appears that the sum of £61 belonging to the poor of Wroxeter, and which had formerly been placed out at interest, was called in, and laid out in building and repairing the church, and that £2 was to be paid yearly as the interest thereof. This has been regularly paid from the churchwarden’s account, but it appears to have been an inadequate sum to be allowed as the interest of £61.

In the same book there is an entry also made in the year 1765, stating that £20 given by _Edward Wellings_, to buy Bibles for poor children of Wroxeter, at the discretion of the minister was laid out for the same purpose. In respect of this gift 10s. is paid annually, and laid out in the purchase of Bibles.

_The Rev. Roger Clayton_, in 1327, invested £100 in the purchase of £113. 10s. stock, three per cent. consols, in compliance with the wish of his late brother William Clayton, in trust, to apply the interest for the benefit of the poor of Wroxeter. A memorandum was drawn up and placed in the parish chest, dated 16th October, 1827, and signed by Roger Clayton and Richard and Edward Stanier, acknowledging the stock to have been purchased for the aforesaid object.

DONNINGTON is a township and pleasant village situated a mile and a half E. from Wroxeter; the Duke of Cleveland is the landowner and lord of the manor. The population of the several townships in this parish are included in the returns for Wroxeter. The Charlton Hill corn mill is situated in this township; it was erected by the farmers in the surrounding neighbourhood to grind their own corn. The grammar school noticed with the charities of the parish is situated at Donnington.

DRYTON, a small township near the banks of the river Severn, is also the property of the Duke of Cleveland, and is situated two miles and a quarter S.S. by E. from Wroxeter.

EYTON-ON-THE-SEVERN, a township two miles S. from Wroxeter, takes its name from its situation near the Severn. The land here is highly fertile, and the meadow lands have a rich herbage. It is also the property of the Duke of Cleveland.

NORTON, a small township, has a few scattered houses on the Shrewsbury and Wellington turnpike road, about a mile N.E. from Wroxeter. The land is mostly arable, producing good wheat and barley. Lord Berwick is the sole proprietor of this township.

RUSHTON township is situated three miles E. from Wroxeter, near the western verge of the Wrekin. The land here has an undulating surface, with a stiff soil. The Duke of Cleveland is the landowner. The acres, rateable value, tithes, and population of the above townships are included in the returns for Wroxeter.

POST OFFICE.—_At Mr. Andrew Weatherby’s_. Letters arrive from Shrewsbury at 8 A.M., and are despatched at 5 P.M.

WROXETER DIRECTORY.

Clarke Maria, farmer

Egremont Rev. Edward, The Vicarage

Ford William, butler

Hoggins Edward, farmer, Smithcott

Oatley William Henry, Esq., The Villa

Stanier Edward, Esq., The Hall

Weatherby Andrew, shopkr.

Wood Thos., farmer, Beslow

DONNINGTON DIRECTORY.

Bennett Richard, farmer

Jebb Thos., manager, Corn mill

Jenkins Elizabeth, farmer, Charlton hill

Mainwaring William, shoemaker

Meredith Rev. John, M.A., Grammar School

Parton Benj., shoemaker

DRYTON DIRECTORY.

Clayton Henry, farmer

Farmer James, farmer

EYTON DIRECTORY.

Careswell Benjamin, farmer

Davies Sarah, farmer

Mansell William, blacksmith

Miner John, shepherd

Scott Mary, farmer

NORTON DIRECTORY.

Bayley Robert, farmer

Powell John, shopkeeper

Upton Elizabeth

RUSHTON DIRECTORY.

Brisbourne Peter, farmer

Jarvis Richard, farmer

Jarvis Robert, farmer

Jarvis Thomas, farmer, Wrekin farm

Pathan Thomas, farmer

BRIMSTREE HUNDRED.

The Hundred of Brimstree is divided into the Bridgnorth and the Shiffnal divisions. Hales Owen, formerly a third division of this hundred, being a detached part of the county surrounded by Worcestershire, has recently, by act of parliament, been annexed to the county of Worcester. This hundred is bounded on the north by the county of Stafford and the South Bradford Hundred, on the west by the Wenlock Franchise and South Bradford Hundred, on the east by Staffordshire, and on the south by the Stottesden Hundred. Thomas Charlton Whitmore, Esq., M.P., is lord of the hundred, and holds a court on the 24th April; Mr. George Pritchard, steward; and Mr. John Cullwick, bailiff. The population in 1801 was 18,817; in 1841 there were 2,577 houses and 12,458 inhabitants. The annexing of the populous district of Halesowen to the county of Worcester is the cause of the returns at the census of 1821 being greater than those of 1841.

The Bridgnorth division contains the following townships and places, viz., Aston, Beobridge, Bobbington (part of), Broughton, Claverley, Dallicott, Farmcott, Gatacre, Heathton, Hopstone, Ludstone, Shipley, Sutton, Woundale, and Worfield.

The Shiffnal divisions contains Albrighton, Badger, Beckbury, Boningale, Boscobal, Donnington, Kemberton, Ryton, Shiffnal, Hatton, Priors’ Lee, Woodside, Stockton, Sutton, Maddock, and Tong.

ALBRIGHTON