Part 58

There is an altar tomb, with a full length alabaster figure in clerical robes, in memory of Sir John Talbot, rector of Whitchurch, which was also taken out of the old church. There are various memorials and tablets, elegantly designed, which our limits will not allow us to notice, in memory of the Boycotts, Fowlers, Balls, Chetwoods, Sandfords, Longs, and others. A mural monument remembers Philip Henry, M.A., father of Matthew Henry, the commentator. The font is of curious workmanship, and dated 1661. The Book of Martyrs, chained to the wall, was the gift of Mr. Thomas Yates, in the year 1701, for the instruction and use of the public. An oil painting of the royal arms of England is very ancient; and there is a fine specimen of embroidery of the arms of England, with a portrait of Queen Anne, beautifully executed in needlework. The church is heated by a most perfect hot water apparatus, admirably contrived. The living is a rectory, with that of Marbury annexed; valued in the king’s book at £44. 11s. 8d.; now returned at £2,004; in the patronage of the trustees of the late Earl of Bridgewater, and incumbency of the Rev. William Egerton, M.A.; curates, Rev. Edward Pickering, Rev. John Thomas Nash, and Rev. Robert R. Turnbull; clerk, Richard Crosse. The rectory is a commodious and pleasantly situated residence, a short distance from the church, with pleasure grounds and shrubberies tastefully laid out. There are 35A. 0R. 17P. of glebe land.

THE BAPTIST CHAPEL stands a little back from the road, near to Greenend street, and will hold about three hundred hearers. The interior is neatly pewed, and provided with a gallery. This place of worship is respectably attended. THE METHODIST CHAPEL, situate in St. Mary’s street, is a commodious structure which will hold six hundred worshippers. It is neatly pewed and fitted up with galleries. There is a Sunday school in connection with this place of worship, which is numerously attended. The Baptists have also a Sunday school in connection with their chapel.

THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL and residence for the master is a noble pile of buildings, situated in Bargates street, and was erected in the year 1548. The school is a chaste and elegant structure, ornamental to the town, and highly creditable to the feoffees under whose auspices it was erected. The school was founded in 1550, and we find in the preamble to the schedule of a deed of feoffment, bearing date 16th September, 1550, that Sir John Talbot, late parson of Whitchurch, was resolved to have founded in his lifetime a free school in the town of Whitchurch, at his own expense, for the bringing up of youth in virtue and learning; and that he had delivered into the hands of Thomas Cotton the sum of £200 towards the erection and establishment of the said school, but that the said Sir John Talbot died before the accomplishment of the same; and that with the said sum and other moneys given by charitably disposed persons, there had been purchased a messuage called Cow Hall, to the intent that they should observe the several articles contained in the deed of feoffment. The substance of the statutes contained in this deed is,—That the feoffees, with the parson of the parish, if he should be inhabiting there, should within six weeks after the death, departure, or removal of any schoolmaster appoint another unmarried man, if he could be conveniently provided, and if not a married man—honest, virtuous, and well learned in Latin and literature—to be schoolmaster there, such schoolmaster to be presented, within eight days after his election, to the diocesan or his chancellor to be examined, and if he should be thought competent on such examination, then to be admitted. That if the feoffees and parson should not appoint within six weeks, the Earl of Shrewsbury should appoint a master. That if any of the feoffees should depart out of the parish and reside elsewhere, he should release his interest to the other feoffees. The master was to receive £10 per annum, and to have the appointment of the usher, who was to receive five marks yearly. That the feoffees should not demise any of the premises for more than ten years, and that they should yearly account in the parish church of Whitchurch for the rents and profits of the same. If the rents and profits should at any time exceed the sum before appointed to be paid to the schoolmaster and usher, the feoffees should deliver the overplus to the churchwardens, to be kept in a chest in the said church, for the repairs of the schoolhouse, and for the relief of such schoolmaster as should have laudably taught in the said school, until by sickness or age he should have given over, or have been removed from his place, and for the relief of poor fatherless and friendless scholars. That after the death or removal of a schoolmaster, the usher should be elected in his place if he should be thought by the parson and feoffees learned and meet for the same. That there should be taught in the school children of “all countries that will come.” William Thomas, in 1662, conveyed 16 acres of land in the parish of Ubley, in the County of Somerset; two thirds of the rent to be paid to the master of this school and one third to the usher. Edward Beddon and Ann, his wife, left certain lands, the rents to be employed to the sole use of the school at Whitchurch. All the real estates above-mentioned, with the school and other premises held therewith, have from time to time been conveyed to new trustees. In 1725 proceedings in Chancery took place between the master and usher and the then trustees. The matters in dispute were the amount of the salaries to which the schoolmaster and usher were entitled, the right of the master to take any payments from the scholars, and the right of the trustees to remove the master from his office. By a decree, made 16th December, 1725, it was ordered that the schoolmaster should have only £10 per annum, and the usher five marks from the Cowhall estate; that the rest of the profits should go to the uses mentioned in the statutes; that the rents of the Ubley estate should be divided as directed by the donor; and the rent of the Beddow estate in like manner; and it was declared that it was the intention of the donor that all people’s children should be taught in the said school gratis, and that the rector and feoffees had power to remove the master. In a subsequent cause, between the Attorney-General, at the relation of the Bishop of Hereford, it was decreed, on March 21st, 1747, that there should be paid to the head master £13. 6s. 8d., and to the usher £6. 13s. 4d. in addition to their former salaries, and so much as should remain after the payment of repairs and other incidental expenses relating to the school should be deposited in the chest; that whenever £100 should have arisen from such surplus, the same might be placed out on government securities for the augmentation of the salaries of the master and usher, in the proportions of two thirds to the former and one third to the latter, until such time as there should be a decayed master or poor scholar entitled to a subsistance according to the donor’s intention. The Cowhall estate is situate at Backford, in Cheshire, and consists of 153A. 3R. 37P. of land, with a farm house and suitable outbuildings, let at a yearly rent of £200, but the trustees, in 1822, agreed to allow the tenant £20 per annum, to be laid out in manure. In the year 1822, timber was cut from this farm and sold for £200, which was partly applied in repairing the farm premises: the residue, £80 13s. 10d., was paid to the trustees. The Ubley estate, near Bristol, consists of 26A. 1R. 4P. of land, and is let for £30 a year. There is also a yearly sum of £52 arising from lands the gift of Edward Beddow. The trustees, when the charity commissioners published their report, were possessed of £6,400 in three per cent. consols, which has arisen from the investment of surplus rents, in accordance with the decree of Chancery. The gross annual income amounts to £454, from which the master had a salary of £210. 8s. 6d., and the usher £97 per annum. Upon application being made to the trustees, on behalf of orphan or friendless children, such as are considered fit objects, are appointed at a meeting of the trustees, they also receive clothing and are supplied with books. The Rev. James R. Peake, M.A., is the master.

THE NATIONAL SCHOOL is situated in New street, Dodington. THE BRITISH SCHOOL is also in Dodington, where they will be found noticed. THE CHURCH SUNDAY SCHOOL is a modern erection of brick, situated near the church. THE INFANT SCHOOL, in Claypit street, is a neat building, erected in 1848.

THE SAVINGS’ BANK is situated in St. Mary’s street. The capital stock of the bank on November 20th, 1850, amounted to £52,954. 0s. 4d., at which period there were 1,489 separate accounts, of which nine were charitable societies, having deposits amounting to £518. 3s. 4d., and nineteen friendly societies, with deposits amounting to the sum of £6,898. 2s. 10d. Of the total number of accounts there were 790 depositors, whose respective balances did not exceed £20; 385 were above £20, and not exceeding £50; 187 were between £50 and £100; 62 above £100 and not exceeding £150; 33 above that sum, and not exceeding £200; and four above £200. _President_: The Right Hon. George Lord Kenyon. _Secretary and Actuary_: Mr. S. H. Parker. The bank was established in the year 1818.

THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, situate on Deer Moss, was established in 1794, and is under the management of twelve directors or guardians, who nominate a chairman. They constitute a board for the regulation of the house and the paupers belonging to the fourteen townships of the parish of Whitchurch, which are embraced in the jurisdiction of the board. The house will accommodate 150 inmates; the present number on the books is 63. _Chairman_: Archibald Worthington. _Vice-Chairman_: Mr. Thomas Andrews. _Treasurer_: George Corser, Esq. _Surgeon_: Mr. Thomas Groom. _Clerk_: Mr. Robert B. Jones. _Governor_: Thomas Huxley. _Matron_: Mrs. Huxley. _Relieving Officer and Assistant Overseer_: Thomas Huxley. _Schoolmistress_: Mary Price.

THE COUNTY COURT OFFICE for the recovery of debts, not exceeding £50, is situated in St. Mary’s street. The court embraces within its jurisdiction the following townships and places, viz.:—Whitchurch, Alkington 2, Ash Magna 3, Ash Parva 3, Dodington 1, Black Park 2, Broughall 3, Edgeley 2, Hinton 2, Hollyhurst and Chinnell 2, Tilstock 3, New Woodhouses 4, Old Woodhouses 4, Ightfield 4, Hanmer 7, Betisfield 8, Bronington 6, Halghton 9, Tybroughton 6, Wellington 9, Iscoyd 6, Agden 4, Chidlow 4, Chorlton 8, Cuddington 8, Malpas 5, Newton by Malpas 7, Old Castle 7, Overton 7, Church Shocklach 11, Shocklach Oviatt 11, Stockton 6, Whichaugh 7, Wigland 5, Threapwood 10, Audlem 10, Bickley 6, Buerton 11, Dodcot and Wilkesley 8, Hampton 7, Macefen 4, Marbury with Quoisly 3, Norbury 5, Tushingham with Grindley 3, and Wirswall 3. _Judge_: Uvedale Corbet, Esq., Aston Hall, near Shiffnal. _Clerk_: Mr. Benjamin Lakin. _Assistant Clerk_: Charles Foulkes. _High Bailiff_: Mr. Thomas Whittingham, jun. _Bailiff_: William Baxter, _Auctioneer and Broker_: Mr. William Lakin. The figures refer to the mileage from Whitchurch.

THE NEWS AND READING ROOM is held in a commodious and neatly fitted up room in the Market Hall; it is under the management of a committee of gentlemen, and supported by annual subscriptions.

THE MARKET HALL, situate in High street or Market street, is a spacious building of brick, with stone finishings and supported by stone pillars. Underneath the hall is a spacious area, where the corn-market is held. Here the farmers assemble in considerable numbers on the market day, which has a business-like and animated appearance while the market continues.

THE ASSEMBLY ROOMS is at the Victoria Inn, High street.

THE THEATRE is a small structure, situated in Mill street.

THE STAMP OFFICE is in High street, Mr. Thomas Joyce distributor.

THE EXCISE OFFICE is at the Lord Hill Hotel, in Watergate street. The Pensioners’ and Corn Returns Offices are at the same place.

THE GAS WORKS were established in 1826, by Messrs. Edwards and Smith, and are now the property of Mr. William Smith, engineer. There are two small gasometers, which will hold conjointly 3,600 cubic feet of gas. A charge of about 10s. per 1,000 cubic feet is made to the consumer.

THE CIRCULATING LIBRARY is at Mr. Robert Barrow Jones’s, in High street

PETTY SESSIONS are held for the Whitchurch division on the last Friday in every month. Magisterial business is also transacted at the office in St. Mary’s street, on Mondays at nine o’clock, A.M., and on Fridays at eleven, A.M. The magistrates who usually attend are Sir Robert Chambre Hill, Bart., John W. Dod, Esq., M.P., William H. Poole, Esq., and George Bowen, Esq. _Clerk_: Benjamin Lakin. _Deputy Clerk_: Charles Foulkes.

The religious and charitable institutions, which have for their object the promotion of Christian knowledge and to ameliorate suffering humanity, are liberally supported in Whitchurch. The members of the Established Church and the various sectarian communities have their respective Bible, Missionary, and Tract Societies. The Depository of the British and Foreign Bible Society is at Mrs. Clutton’s, in Bargate street. The Dispensary is at the Market Hall. The Depôt for Coals for the poor is in Watergate street. There is a Library of Miscellaneous Works at the National School, which has been established for the benefit of the humbler classes of society. For Benefit and Sick Societies the town stands pre-eminent; they are efficiently conducted, the members are very numerous, and several of the societies have a very considerable accumulated capital. The Whitchurch Old Friendly Society, established in 1754, in 1850 had 264 members and a capital stock of £1,667. 17s. 11½d. Mr. John Fowles is secretary, and Mr. Henry Corser treasurer.

THE LOCK-UP AND POLICE-OFFICE, situated in Clay-pit street, was built in 1850. It consists of two cells for the reception of prisoners before committal by the magistrates; and also a residence for the superintendent constable.

THE BOWLING GREEN, in St. John’s lane, affords healthful and amusing recreation to the residents of the town, is supported by subscription, and under the management of a committee of gentlemen and tradesmen.

There is an ALMSHOUSE for six poor decayed housekeepers, liberally endowed, as will be seen on reference to the charities of the parish. A School-house adjoins the almshouse, and here about fifty children are instructed.

The commodious premises, formerly occupied as a silk-mill here, have been purchased by Mr. Thomas Burgess, an extensive cheese-factor and corn-merchant, and are now converted into a warehouse. There is a wharf at the bottom of Mill street, on the banks of the Chester and Ellesmere canal, which is now the property of the Shropshire Union Canal and Railway Company. Goods are forwarded to London, Manchester, Liverpool, and Chester by the company; who are also general carriers to all parts of England. Of the Castle at Whitchurch, which stood upon Castle-hill, not a vestige remains. Some portion of the walls are said to have been standing in the year 1760.

During the years 1830 and 1831, the inhabitants of Whitchurch and the neighbourhood were held in constant alarm by a succession of incendiary fires. On the 14th of December the first fire commenced on the premises of a poor man of the name of Heath. On the following day the out-buildings of the Swan Inn burst into flames; and on the 21st the out-premises belonging to Mr. Nunnerley, of Prees Heath, were destroyed. On the 7th of January, 1831, Mr. Moss, of Heath lane, had a stack burnt; and on the day following the barn of Mr. G. T. Whitfield and two cottages were destroyed. On the 12th, a barn belonging to the same gentleman was discovered to be on fire. A stack was fired belonging to Mr. Huxley on the 2nd of February. On the 10th of March, a second fire broke out on the premises of Mr. Nunnerley, of Prees Heath, and so rapid were the flames that the whole of the out-buildings were entirely destroyed before the arrival of the fire-engines from Whitchurch. Five cows, two horses, and ten pigs, were also destroyed. The next fires which took place were the stacks of Mr. Bradbury. On the 4th of April, the farm buildings of Mr. Huxley, of Tilstock, and a great quantity of grain, were entirely consumed. The same evening, a range of buildings, on the road from Prees Heath to Tilstock, burst into flames, and the fire proceeded with so much rapidity that no efforts could check them. On the 13th of September, a stack belonging to Mr. Nunnerley, of Prees Heath, was consumed. The stack-yard and out buildings of Mr. Booth, and the stacks of Mr. Darlington, were in flames at the same time, and very great damage sustained. Shortly after this the incendiaries were brought to justice, and Richard Whitfield, a farmer and maltster, was transported for life, at the Shropshire Spring Assizes of 1832, and James Lea and Joseph Grindley were executed.

Whitchurch was the birth place of Dr. TYLSTON, an eminent physician in 1663. He was admitted into Trinity College, Oxford, and his brilliant talents adorned by a deportment in all respects exemplary soon attracted the notice of Dr. Bathurst, then president of the college, whose able directions much assisted him. When about Bachelor’s standing, his inclinations suggested the study of physic, as the employment for life, and having by an acquaintance with natural philosophy laid a good foundation for medical enquiries, he speedily turned the course of his reading into that channel. After he had left college he removed to London, where he studied industriously under Sir Richard Blackmore. On his return he commenced his professional career at Whitchurch, and though young, quickly obtained celebrity. At the request of many friends in Chester he quitted his native town for that city in the year 1690, and by successful practice continued to increase in fame. His mental powers rose above the ordinary standard, and in the prosecution of an enquiry he regarded the opinions of others rather as guides to direct than authoratitives to govern the efforts of his own mind. After his attainments had become considerable, such was his thirst for knowledge that he redeemed for study all the time his professional engagements would allow. The writings of antiquity, especially those of Cicero, Seneca, and Plutarch, afforded him great delight. In the works of Pliny he took much pleasure, and shortly before his death read with great satisfaction the writings of Lactantius. Passages which illustrated any portion of Scripture he transcribed into an interleaved Bible, or other repository. In his professional pursuits he was as remarkable for charity to the poor as for diligence, fidelity, and concern for his patients. The Scriptures he perused with unfeigned delight, and was influenced by their authority as a supreme rule. By frequent meditation he became conversant in an unusual degree with the instructive doctrines and sublime mysteries of the Gospel. When a subject particularly interesting filled his attention, he clothed his conceptions in writing; these have survived him, and not only show the evidences of erudition, but of an experimental acquaintance with revealed religion. He died on the 8th of April, 1699, in the 36th year of his age. The celebrated Matthew Henry bears honourable testimony to his worth, in a letter to a friend shortly after his death, from which the following is an extract:—“I find it easy to say a great deal to aggravate the affliction we are under in the death of Dr. Tylston, whom we miss daily. What improvement I have made in learning of late years has been owing as much to my converse with him as to any one thing. He was the ornament of our congregation, and a great reputation to us.”

This town was the residence of Nicholas Barnard, a man of great learning, chaplain to Archbishop Usher, and Dean of Armagh. In the time of the rebellion in Ireland he was a great sufferer, and often in danger of his life; he consequently fled to England, and was presented with the rectory of Whitchurch, where he lived till his death in 1661. Abraham Wheloch, a person of great learning, and noted as a linguist of distinguished abilities, was born in this town. He was author of a Persian translation of the New Testament, which task he undertook in the hope that it might open the way for the conversion of the natives of Persia to Christianity. He greatly assisted Dr. Brian Walton in his Polyglot Bible, and published an edition of the works of the venerable Bede. He was fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, library keeper, Arabic professor, and minister of St. Sepulchre’s. His death took place in 1654.

There are 333A. 3R. 0P. of waste land called WHITCHURCH HEATH, which has a barren and sterile appearance. It has a flat surface, covered with gravel, and incapable of cultivation.

CHARITIES.—_Samuel Higginson_, by will, bearing date 28th September, 1697, devised certain lands in Whixall, and gave the sum of £200 in trust, for the erection of an almshouse, and the benefit of poor persons appointed as inmates; and if any poor relations of the family or kin should apply, he directed that they should be first admitted to receive the benefit thereof. Jane Higginson, widow of the above Samuel Higginson, by her will, in 1707, gave £5 per annum to five decayed tradesmen’s widows in Ludlow, in consideration that the five poor widows should take care to keep the chancel in Ludlow church clean. She also gave to the rector of Ludlow and his successors £5 per annum. And she gave all her lands and tenements in the counties of Salop, Flint, and Chester, in trust, and after payment of certain legacies, she gave for the use of her own and her husband’s almhouse in Whitchurch £12 per annum, charged upon her estate at Ash, in the county of Chester, the necessary repairs of the almshouse to be first deducted thereout; and she directed that the sum of £7. 10s. per annum, given by her daughter for the support of the said almshouse, should also be paid out of her estate at Ash. She also gave to the poorest and most necessitous children of the parish of Hanmer the sum of £6, payable once in five years, whereof 20s. was designed for their clothing, and the rest to be bestowed for the benefit of the children, and £6 in like manner to the parish of Ellesmere. And she gave the debts due to her to build a schoolhouse upon the piece of ground lying between her almshouses and those of the town, and bequeathed £10 per annum to the teacher, and 20s. yearly to buy English books. She directed her trustees to meet on the 24th June, yearly, to settle the accounts, and left 30s. yearly for their expenses, and 10s. to the minister to preach a sermon on the same day.