Part 254

MÜLLER, W. Political history of recent times, 1816-1875: translated [and continued to 1881] by John P. Peters. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1882. https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory00mulliala https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory00mluoft https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory00ml https://archive.org/details/politicalhistor00mlgoog https://archive.org/details/politicalhistor00petegoog

ROSE, J. H. A century of continental history, 1780-1880. London: Edward Stanford. 1889. https://archive.org/details/cu31924031187804

STEPHENS, H. MORSE. Europe, 1789-1815. London: Macmillan &: Company. 1893. https://archive.org/details/europestephens00step

THIERS, ADOLPH. History of the consulate and the empire of France under Napoleon (1845-62); translated by D. F. Campbell and H. W. Herbert. London: George Bell & Sons (Bohn). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. 5 volumes.

Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. 1894. 12 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire01thieiala (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyconsulate02thieiala (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire03thieiala (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire04thieiala (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historyofconsula05thieiala (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire06thieiala (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire07thieiala (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire08thieiala (Volume 9) https://archive.org/details/historyofconsula09thieiala (Volume 10) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire10thieiala (Volume 11) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire11thieiala (Volume 12) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire12thieiala

TURNBULL, PETER EVAN Austria, volume 2. London: J. Murray. 1840. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/austria01turngoog/page/n10/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/austria02turngoog/page/n8/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/austria03turngoog/page/n6/mode/2up

VEHSE, E. Memoirs of the court, aristocracy and diplomacy of Austria; translated by Franz Demmler. London: Longmans, Green & Company. 1856. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/memoirsofcourtof01vehs (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/memoirsofcourtar02vehs (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/memoirscourtari00vehsgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cu31924088019769

WEIR, ARCHIBALD. The historical basis of modern Europe, 1760-1815. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Company. 1886. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.501799 https://archive.org/details/cu31924027892375/page/n7/mode/2up

WHITMAN, SIDNEY. The realm of the Habsburgs. London: William Heinemann. 1893. https://archive.org/details/realmofhabsburgs00whituoft https://archive.org/details/realmofhabsburgs00whit/page/n9/mode/2up

AUSTRIA, HUNGARY, AND THE LESSER PROVINCES.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. (Edinburgh Review, 90: 230. 1849.)

AUSTRIA IN 1848-9. (Edinburgh Review, 174: 440. 1891.)

BONER, CHARLES. Transylvania. London: Longmans. 1865. https://archive.org/details/transylvaniaits00bonegoog

BRACE, CHARLES LORING. Hungary in 1851. New York: Charles Scribner. 1852. https://archive.org/details/hungaryin1851wit01brac https://archive.org/details/hungaryinwithan00bracgoog

FELBERMANN, LOUIS. Hungary and its people. London: Griffith, Farran & Company. 1892. https://archive.org/details/hungaryitspeople00felb

FITZMAURICE, EDMOND. Home rule in Austria. (Nineteenth Century, 19: 443. 1886.)

FORSTER, FLORENCE A. Francis Deak, Hungarian statesman: a memoir, with a preface by M. E. Grant Duff. London: Macmillan & Company. 1880. https://archive.org/details/francisdekhung00arnoiala https://archive.org/details/francisdekhunga00forgoog

GERARD, E. The land beyond the forest [Transylvania]. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons. 1888. 2 volumes. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/57168 https://archive.org/details/cu31924011921420

GODKIN, EDWIN LAWRENCE History of Hungary and the Magyars. London: Cassell & Company. 1858. https://archive.org/details/historyofhungary00godkiala/page/n5/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/historyhungarya00godkgoog

GÖRGEI, ARTHUR. My life and acts in Hungary, 1848-9 (1851); translated. London: D. Bogue. New York: Harper & Brothers. https://archive.org/details/mylifeactsinhung00grrich

HOFER, ANDREW, Memoirs of the life of: containing an account of the transactions in the Tyrol, 1809: [translated] from the German, by C. H. Hall. London: John Murray. 1820. https://archive.org/details/memoirslifeandr00unkngoog

KAY, DAVID. Home rule in Austria-Hungary. (Nineteenth Century, 19: 41. 1886.) https://archive.org/details/austriahungary00kayd

KLAPKA, _General_ GEORGE. Memoirs of the war of independence in Hungary: translated by O. Wenckstern. London: C. Gilpin. 1850. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/memoirswarindep00wencgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/memoirswarindep01klapgoog

MAURICE, C. EDMUND. Revolutionary movement of 1848-9 in Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Germany. London: George Bell & Sons. 1887. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39540 https://archive.org/details/revolutionarymo00maurgoog/page/n16/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/revolutionarymo00unkngoog https://archive.org/details/therevolutionary39540gut https://archive.org/details/revolutionarymov00maur

PAGET, JOHN. Travels in Hungary and Transylvania (1839). London: John Murray. Philadelphia: Lea &: Blanchard. 1850. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.36331/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/agw0321.0001.001.umich.edu/page/II/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/hungarytransylva02pageuoft/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/agw0321.0002.001.umich.edu/page/n9/mode/2up

PARDOE, Miss JULIA. The city of the Magyar, or Hungary and her institutions in 1839-40. London: G. Virtue. 1840. 3 volumes. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_City_of_the_Magyar.html?id=S-gDAAAAQAAJ

PATON, A. A. Highlands and islands of the Adriatic. London: Chapman & Hall. 1849. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/highlandsislands00pato/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_dzbNcsnbcOYC

PATTERSON, ARTHUR J. The Magyars: their country and institutions. London: Smith, Elder & Company. 1869. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/magyarstheircou06johngoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/magyarstheircou01pattgoog/page/n6/mode/2up

PLANTA, JOSEPH. History of the Helvetic confederacy. London. 1800. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofhelveti01planuoft (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyhelvetic02plangoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyhelvetic00plangoog

PRICE, BONAMY. Austria and Hungary. (Fraser's Magazine, 65: 384. 1862.)

STILES, WILLIAM. H. Austria in 1848-49. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1852-3. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cu31924088020130 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cu31924088020148

SZABAD, EMERIC. Hungary, past and present. Edinburgh: A. & C. Black. 1854. https://archive.org/details/hungarypastandp00szabgoog/page/n4/mode/2up

VÁMBÉRY, ARMINIUS, _and_ LOUIS HEILPRIN. The story of Hungary (Story of the nations). New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1886. London: T. F. Unwin. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50038 https://archive.org/details/storyhungary00vmgoog

AUSTRIA AND ITALY.

ARRIVABENE, Count CHARLES. Italy under Victor Emmanuel. London: Hurst & Blackett. 1862. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/italyundervicto02arrigoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/italyundervicto01arrigoog

AUSTRIA, FRANCE AND ITALY. (Edinburgh Review., 109: 286. 1859.)

AUSTRIANS AND ITALY, The. (Eclectic Magazine, 47: 538. 1859.)

GARIBALDI, GIUSEPPE. Autobiography: translated by A. Werner, with a supplement by Jessie White Mario. London: Walter Smith & Innes. 1889. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/autobiography01gariuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/autobiographygi00garigoog (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/autobiographygi02garigoog

ITALY AND THE WAR OF 1866. (Westminster Review., 87: 275. 1867.)

MAZADE, CHARLES DE. Life of Count Cavour. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1877. https://archive.org/details/lifeofcountcavou00mazarich

O'CLERY, PATRICK KEYES (The Chevalier O'Clery). The history of the Italian revolution: 1st period, 1796-1849. London: R. Washbourne. 1875. https://archive.org/details/historyitalianr00oclgoog/page/n8/mode/2up

The making of Italy. London: Kegan, Paul, Trench &: Company. 1892. https://archive.org/details/makingofitaly18500oclerich https://archive.org/details/makingitaly00oclgoog https://archive.org/details/makingofitaly0000ocle/page/n5/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/makingitaly01oclgoog

PROBYN, JOHN W. Italy, 1815-1890. London: Cassell & Company. 1891. https://archive.org/details/italyfromfallofn00probuoft https://archive.org/details/italyfromfallna00probgoog https://archive.org/details/italyfromfallna01probgoog/italyfromfallna01probgoog

STUART, R. The Austro-Italian alliance. (Contemporary Review., 40: 921. 1881.)

THAYER, WILLIAM ROSCOE. The dawn of Italian Independence, 1814-1849. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company. 1893. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/dawnofitalianind01thayiala (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/dawnofitalianind02thayuoft (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cu31924082152400

WRIGHTSON, RICHARD HEBER A history of modern Italy [1800-50]. London: Richard Bentley. 1855. https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14113 https://archive.org/details/ahistorymoderni00wriggoog

AUSTRIA AND GERMANY.

CHESNEY, C. C. The campaign [of 1866] in western Germany. (Blackwood's Magazine, 101: 68. 1867.)

DICEY, EDWARD. The battlefields of 1866. London: Tinsley Brothers. 1866. https://archive.org/details/battlefields00dicegoog

The campaign [of 1866] in Germany. (Macmillan's Magazine, 14: 386. 1866.)

DICEY, EDWARD T. The campaign [of 1866] in Italy. (Macmillan's Magazine, 14: 241. 1866.)

GERMANIC CONFEDERATION and the Austrian empire, The. (Quarterly Review, 84: 425. 1849.)

HOZIER, H. M. The seven weeks' war [1866]. London: Macmillan & Company. 1867. 2 volumes. (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.238477 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.45879

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LOWE, CHARLES. Prince Bismarck; an historical biography. London: Cassell & Company. 1885. 2 volumes. https://archive.org/details/princebismarkhis00lowe (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/princebismarckhi01loweiala (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/princebismarcka01lowegoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/princebismarcka02lowegoog

MALET, _Sir_ ALEXANDER. The overthrow of the Germanic confederation. 1866. London: Longmans, Green & Company. 1870. https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.77288/page/iii/mode/2up

MALLESON, _Colonel_. G. B. Battle-fields of Germany. London: W. H. Allen & Company. 1884. https://archive.org/details/battlefieldsofge00malluoft

The refounding of the German empire. 1848-71. London: Seeley & Company. 1893. https://archive.org/details/refoundingofgerm00mall

PRUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1806. (Edinburgh Review, 125: 187. 1867.)

RECONSTRUCTION OF GERMANY, The. (North British Review, 51: 133. 1869.)

SIMON, EDOUARD. The emperor William and his reign: from the French. London: Remington & Company. 1886. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/emperorwilliama00simogoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/emperorwilliama01simogoog

SYBEL, HEINRICH VON. The founding of the German empire by William I.; based chiefly upon Prussian state documents: translated by M. L. Perrin and G. Bradford, Jr. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Company. 1890-1. 5 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman01sybe (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman02sybe (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman03sybe (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman04sybe (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman05sybe (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman06sybe

AUSTRIA AND THE SOUTHEASTERN STATES.

AUSTRIA, GERMANY AND THE EASTERN QUESTION. (Fraser's Magazine, 96: 407. 1877.)

AUSTRIA'S POLICY IN THE EAST. (Macmillan's Magazine, 53: 17. 1885.)

BOURCHIER, John David The sentinel of the Balkans. (Fortnightly Review., 52: 806. 1889.)

CAILLARD, VINCENT. The Bulgarian imbroglio. (Fortnightly Review, 44: 740. 1885.)

FREEMAN; EDWARD A. The house of Habsburg in south-eastern Europe. (Fortnightly Review., 51: 839. 1889.)

The position of the Austrian power in south-eastern Europe. (Contemporary Review., 41: 727. 1882.)

THE RECONSTRUCTED EMPIRE: ITS REFORMS AND POLICY.

AUSTRIA AND HER REFORMS. (Westminster Review. 75: 503. 1801.)

AUSTRIA SINCE SADOWA. (Quarterly Review., 131: 90. 1871.)

AUSTRIA: qu'est que c'est l'Austrie? (Edinburgh Review, 40: 298. 1824.)

AUSTRIAN CONSTITUTIONALISM. (Westminster Review, 79: 333. 1863.)

BEUST, FRIEDRICH F. _Count_ VON. Memoirs [1830-1885]. London: Remington & Company. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.92139 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/memoirsfriedric00beusgoog

BOURCHIER, J. D. The heritage of the Hapsburgs. (Fortnightly Review, 51: 377. 1889.)

DILKE, _Sir_ CHARLES W. Position of European politics, 1887. London: Chapman & Hall. 1887. https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.91722

DUALISM IN AUSTRIA. (Westminster Review, 88: 431. 1867.)

FOREIGN POLICY AND INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE. (Foreign Quarterly Review, 18: 257. 1837.)

NATIONAL LIFE AND THOUGHT. London: T. F. Unwin. 1891.

Volume 1: End--------

Volume 2: Start--------

LIST OF MAPS.

Map of Europe at the close of the Tenth Century, To follow page 1020.

Map of Europe in 1768, To follow page 1086.

Four maps of France, A. D. 1154, 1180, 1814 and 1860, To follow page 1168.

Two maps of Central Europe, A. D. 848 and 888, On page 1404.

Map of Germany at the Peace of Westphalia, To follow page 1486.

Maps of Germany, A. D. 1815 and 1866; of the Netherlands, 1880-1889; and of the Zollverein, To follow page 1540

LOGICAL OUTLINES, IN COLORS.

English history, To follow page 730.

French history, To follow page 1158. German history, To follow page 1428.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES.

The Fifth Century, On page 1433. The Sixth Century, On page 1434.

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EL DORADO, The quest of.

"When the Spaniards had conquered and pillaged the civilized empires on the table lands of Mexico, Bogota, and Peru, they began to look round for new scenes of conquest, new sources of wealth; the wildest rumours were received as facts, and the forests and savannas, extending for thousands of square miles to the eastward of the cordilleras of the Andes, were covered, in imagination, with populous kingdoms, and cities filled with gold. The story of El Dorado, of a priest or king smeared with oil and then coated with gold dust, probably originated in a custom which prevailed among the civilized Indians of the plateau of Bogota; but El Dorado was placed, by the credulous adventurers, in a golden city amidst the impenetrable forests of the centre of South America, and, as search after search failed, his position was moved further and further to the eastward, in the direction of Guiana. El Dorado, the phantom god of gold and silver, appeared in many forms. … The settlers at Quito and in Northern Peru talked of the golden empire of the Omaguas, while those in Cuzco and Charcas dreamt of the wealthy cities of Paytiti and Enim, on the banks of a lake far away, to the eastward of the Andes. These romantic fables, so firmly believed in those old days led to the exploration of vast tracts of country, by the fearless adventurers of the sixteenth century, portions of which have never been traversed since, even to this day. The most famous searches after El Dorado were undertaken from the coast of Venezuela, and the most daring leaders of these wild adventures were German knights."

_C. R. Markham, Introduction to Simon's Account of the Expedition of Ursua and Aguirre (Hakluyt Society 1861)._

"There were, along the whole coast of the Spanish Main, rumours of an inland country which abounded with gold. These rumours undoubtedly related to the kingdoms of Bogota and Tunja, now the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. Belalcazar, who was in quest of this country from Quito, Federman, who came from Venezuela, and Gonzalo Ximenez de Quesada, who sought it by way of the River Madalena, and who effected its conquest, met here. But in these countries also there were rumours of a rich land at a distance; similar accounts prevailed in Peru; in Peru they related to the Nuevo Reyno, there they related to Peru; and thus adventurers from both sides were allured to continue the pursuit after the game was taken. An imaginary kingdom was soon shaped out as the object of their quest, and stories concerning it were not more easily invented than believed. It was said that a younger brother of Atabalipa fled, after the destruction of the Incas, took with him the main part of their treasures, and founded a greater empire than that of which his family had been deprived. Sometimes the imaginary Emperor was called the Great Paytite, sometimes the Great Moxo, sometimes the Enim or Great Paru. An impostor at Lima affirmed that he had been in his capital, the city of Manoa, where not fewer than 3,000 workmen were employed in the silversmiths' street; he even produced a map of the country, in which he had marked a hill of gold, another of silver, and a third of salt. … This imaginary kingdom obtained the name of El Dorado from the fashion of its Lord, which has the merit of being in savage costume. His body was anointed every morning with a certain fragrant gum of great price, and gold dust was then blown upon him, through a tube, till he was covered with it: the whole was washed off at night. This the barbarian thought a more magnificent and costly attire than could be afforded by any other potentate in the world, and hence the Spaniards called him El Dorado, or the Gilded One. A history of all the expeditions which were undertaken for the conquest of his kingdom would form a volume not less interesting than extraordinary."

_R. Southey, History of Brazil, volume 1, chapter 12._

The most tragical and thrilling of the stories of the seekers after El Dorado is that which Mr. Markham introduces in the quotation above, and which Southey has told with full details in _The Expedition of Orsua; and the Crimes of Aguirre._ The most famous of the expeditions were those in which Sir Walter Raleigh engaged, and two of which he personally led—in 1595, and in 1617-18. Released from his long imprisonment in the Tower to undertake the latter, he returned from it, broken and shamed, to be sent to the scaffold as a victim sacrificed to the malignant resentment of Spain. How far Raleigh shared in the delusion of his age respecting El Dorado, and how far he made use of it merely to promote a great scheme for the "expansion of England," are questions that will probably remain forever in dispute.

_Sir Walter Raleigh, Discoverie of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana (Hakluyt Society 1848)._

ALSO IN: _J. A. Van Heuvel, El Dorado._

_E. Edwards, Life of Raleigh, volume 1, chapters 10 and 25._

_P. F. Tytler, Life of Raleigh, chapters 3 and 6._

_E. Gosse, Raleigh, chapters 4 and 9._

_A. F. Bandelier, The gilded man._

ELECTORAL COLLEGE, The Germanic: Its rise and constitution. Its secularization and extinction.

See GERMANY: A. D. 1125-1152, and 1347-1493; also, 1801-1803, and 1805-1806.

ELECTORAL COMMISSION, The.

See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1876-1877.

ELECTORS, Presidential, of the United States of America.

See PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

ELECTRICAL DISCOVERY AND INVENTION.