Volume VII., 20-25.

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STUDY LV. Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

MODERN ITALY.

1. THE PENINSULA AS A FRENCH-SPANISH BATTLEFIELD (A. D. 1494-1525):

J. N. Larned: Europe, 1080-1081 (1052-1053), 1083-1084 (1055-1056), 1085 (1057).

H. Grimm: Life of Michael Angelo, 1871 (1831).

P. Villari: Machiavelli and his Times, 1871-1872 (1831-1832).

F. P. Guizot: History of France, 1873 (1833).

T. H. Dyer: History of Modern Europe, 1875-1876 (1835-1836).

V. Duruy: History of France, 1876-1877 (1836-1837).

G. W. Kitchin: History of France, 1877-1878 (1838).

T. Wright: History of France, 1218-1219 (1186-1187).

J. S. Brewer: Reign of Henry VIII., 1219 (1187).

J. Michelet: Summary of Modern History, 1222 (1190).

C. Coignet: Francis I. and his Times, 1222 (1190).

T. A. Trollope: History of Florence, 1879, (1839).

2. UNDER SPANISH AND PAPAL DOMINATION (A. D. 1525-1600):

H. Grimm: Michael Angelo, 1879-1880 (1839-1840).

W. Robertson: Reign of Charles V., 1882 (1842).

J. N. Larned: Europe, 1086 (1058), 1109 (1081).

J. A. Symonds: Renaissance in Italy, 1883-1884 (1843-1844).

E. de Bonnechose: History of France, 1226 (1194).

G. Procter: History of Italy, 1884 (1844).

W. Chambers: France, 1227 (1195).

W. H. Jervis: Student’s History of France, 1227-1228 (1195-1196).

3. RISE OF THE HOUSE OF SAVOY AND KINGDOM OF SARDINIA (A. D. 1559-1792):

A Gallenga: History of Piedmont, 2882-2883 (2808).

R. Lodge: History of Modern Europe, 2884 (2809).

C. W. Koch: Revolutions of Europe, 3078-3079 (2997-2998).

I. Butt: History of Italy, 1889 (1849).

W. E. H. Lecky: History of England, 1890 (1850).

W. Coxe: House of Austria, 1890-1891 (1850-1851), 1892 (1852).

Sir E. Cust: Wars of the 18th Century, 1891 (1851).

I. Butt: History of Italy, 1892-1893 (1852-1853).

4. UNDER NAPOLEON (A. D. 1796-1814):

C. A. Fyffe: Modern Europe, 1347-1349 (1314-1316).

R. Lodge: Modern Europe, 1349-1350 (1316-1317).

T. Mitchell: Principal Campaigns, 1350-1351 (1317-1318).

T. H. Dyer: Modern Europe, 1351-1352 (1318-1319).

H. Van Laun: French Revolutionary Epoch, 1355-1357 (1322-1324).

Sir W. Scott: Life of Napoleon, 1361 (1328).

R. H. Horne: History of Napoleon, 1365-1366 (1332-1333).

W. O’C. Morris: The French Revolution, 1366-1367 (1333-1334).

J. N. Larned: Europe, 1122 (1094).

Sir A. Alison: History of Europe, 1383-1384 (1350-1351).

H. Martin: History of France, 2526 (2464).

Talleyrand: Memoirs, 2527-2528 (2465-2466).

5. RISE OF THE CARBONARI (A. D. 1803):

C. Botta: Italy, 1893-1894 (1853-1854).

W. R. Thayer: Dawn of Italian Independence, 1894-1895 (1854-1855).

6. DOWNFALL OF NAPOLEON AND RETURN OF THE DESPOTS (A. D. 1814-1815):

A. Rambaud: History of Russia, 1387-1389 (1354-1356).

J. Mitchell: The Fall of Napoleon, 1389-1391 (1356-1358).

Sir A. Alison: History of Europe, 1895 (1855).

W R. Thayer: Dawn of Italian Independence, 1895-1896 (1855-1856).

I. Butt: History of Italy, 1896-1897 (1856-1857).

J. W. V. Mario: Garibaldi, 234-235 (227-228).

7. THE HOLY ALLIANCE (A. D. 1815):

M. E. G. Duff: European Politics, 1696-1697 (1658).

E. Hertslet: Europe by Treaty, 1697 (1658).

W. R. Thayer: Dawn of Italian Independence, 1697-1698 (1658-1659).

8. REVOLUTIONS IN NAPLES, SICILY AND PIEDMONT (A. D. 1820-1821):

E. Dicey: Victor Emmanuel, 1897-1898 (1857-1858).

W. R. Thayer: Dawn of Italian Independence, 1898-1899 (1858-1859).

9. THE CONGRESS OF VERONA:

R. Lodge: Modern Europe, 3741 (3621).

F. H. Hill: George Canning, 3741 (3621).

R. Bell: Life of Canning, 3741-3742 (3621-3622).

"From Laybach, the allied sovereigns issued a circular to their representatives at the various foreign courts, in which portentous document they declared that 'useful and necessary changes in legislation and in the administration of states could only emanate from the free-will, and from the intelligent and well-weighed convictions of those whom God has made responsible for power.'" F. H. HILL.

10. REVOLTS OF 1830 AND 1848-1849; MAZZINI:

R. Lodge: Modern Europe, 1899 (1859).

W. R. Thayer: Dawn of Italian Independence, 1900-1901 (1860-1861), 1903 (1863).

Text of Constitution granted to Sardinia (1848), 574-578 (3732-3736).

W. Müller: Political History, 1901-1903 (1861-1863).

J. N. Larned: Europe, 1125 (1097), 1126-1127 (1099).

11. WAR WITH AUSTRIA; GARIBALDI; THE NEW KINGDOM OF ITALY (A. D. 1856-1861):

J. N. Larned: Europe, 1128 (1100).

J. W. Probyn: Italy from 1850 to 1890, 1903-1905 (1863-1865).

H. Murdock: The Reconstruction of Europe, 1905-1906 (1865-1866).

12. THE ACQUISITION OF ROME AND VENICE:

G. S. Godkin: Victor Emmanuel II., 1906-1908 (1866-1868).

J. A. Marriott: Makers of Modern Italy, 1908-1909 (1868-1869).

13. ROME THE CAPITAL OF ITALY (A. D. 1870):

J. W. Probyn: Italy from 1815 to 1890, 2539-2541 (2477-2479).

Chevalier O’Clery: The Making of Italy, 2541-2542 (2479-2480).

Text of the Law of the Papal Guarantees, 2540-2541 (2478-2479).

14. THE UNITED NATION:

W. R. Thayer: The Italian Crisis, 1909 (1869).

J. S. Jeans: Italy, 1843 (1803).

15. ITALY FROM 1895 TO 1910:

W. J. Stillman: The Union of Italy.