volume 6, page 215_.

"As potters and goldsmiths they [the Chibcha] ranked among the finest on the continent."

_D. G. Brinton, Races and Peoples, page 272._

See, also, COLOMBIAN STATES: A. D. 1536-1731.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chicasas.

See below: MUSKHOGEAN FAMILY; also, LOUISIANA: A. D. 1719-1750.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chichimecs.

See MEXICO: A. D. 1325-1502.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chimakuan Family.

"The Chimakum are said to have been formerly one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Puget Sound. Their warlike habits early tended to diminish their numbers, and when visited by Gibbs in 1854 they counted only about 70 individuals. This small remnant occupied some 15 small lodges on Port Townsend Bay."

_J. W. Powell, Seventh Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology, page 62._

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chimarikan Family.

"According to Powers, this family was represented, so far as known, by two tribes in California, one the Chi-mál-a-kwe, living on New River, a branch of the Trinity, the other the Chimariko, residing upon the Trinity itself from Burnt Ranch up to the mouth of North Fork, California. The two tribes are said to have been as numerous formerly as the Hupa, by whom they were overcome and nearly exterminated. Upon the arrival of the Americans only 25 of the Chimalakwe were left."

_J. W. Powell, Seventh Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology, page 63._

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chinantecs.

See below: ZAPOTECS, ETC.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chinookan Family.

"The banks of the Columbia, from the Grand Dalles to its mouth, belong to the two branches of the Tsinuk [or Chinook] nation, which meet in the neighborhood of the Kowlitz River, and of which an almost nominal remnant is left. ... The position of the Tsinuk previous to their depopulation was, as at once appears, most important, occupying both sides of the great artery of Oregon for a distance of 200 miles, they possessed the principal thoroughfare between the interior and the ocean, boundless resources of provisions of various kinds, and facilities for trade almost unequalled on the Pacific."

_G. Gibbs, Tribes of West Washington and N. W. Oregon (Contributions to North American Ethnology, volume 1), page 164._

See, also, below: FLATHEADS.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chippewas.

See below: OJIBWAS; and above: ALGONQUIAN FAMILY.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chippewyans.

See below: ATHAPASCAN FAMILY.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Choctaws.

See below: MUSKHOGEAN FAMILY.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chontals and Popolocas.

"According to the census of 1880 there were 31,000 Indians in Mexico belonging to the Familia Chontal. No such family exists. The word 'chontalli' in the Nahuatl language means simply 'stranger,' and was applied by the Nahuas to any people other than their own. According to the Mexican statistics, the Chontals are found in the states of Mexico, Puebla, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Tabasco, Guatemala and Nicaragua. A similar term is 'popoloca,' which in Nahuatl means a coarse fellow, one speaking badly, that is, broken Nahuatl. The Popolocas have also been erected into an ethnic entity by some ethnographers, with as little justice as the Chontallis. They are stated to have lived in the provinces of Puebla, Oaxaca, Vera Cruz, Mechoacan and Guatemala."

_D. G. Brinton, The American Race, pages 146-153._

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chontaquiros.

See above: ANDESIANS.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Chumashan Family.

"Derivation: From Chumash, the name of the Santa Rosa Islanders. The several dialects of this family have long been known under the group or family name, 'Santa Barbara,' which seems first to have been used in a comprehensive sense by Latham in 1856, who included under it three languages, viz.: Santa Barbara, Santa Inez, and San Luis Obispo. The term has no special pertinence as a family designation, except from the fact that the Santa Barbara Mission, around which one of the dialects of the family was spoken, is perhaps more widely known than any of the others."

_J. W. Powell, Seventh Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology, page 67._

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Cliff-dwellers.

See AMERICA: PREHISTORIC.

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Coahuiltecan Family.

"Derivation: From the name of the Mexican State Coahuila. This family appears to have included numerous tribes in southwestern Texas and in Mexico. ... A few Indians still survive who speak one of the dialects of this family, and in 1886 Mr. Gatschet collected vocabularies of two tribes, the Comecrudo and Cotoname, who live on the Rio Grande, at Las Prietas, State of Tamaulipas."

_J. W. Powell, Seventh Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology, page 68._

AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Coajiro, or Guajira.

"An exceptional position is taken, in many respects, by the Coajiro, or Guajira, who live on the peninsula of the same name on the northwestern boundary of Venezuela. Bounded on all sides by so-called civilized peoples, this Indian tribe is known to have maintained its independence, and acquired the well-deserved reputation for cruelty, a tribe which, in many respects, can be classed with the Apaches and Comanches of New Mexico, the Araucanians of Chili, and the Guaycara and Guarani on the Parana. The Coajiro are mostly large, with chestnut-brown complexion and black, sleek hair. While all the other coast tribes have adopted the Spanish language, the Coajiro have preserved their own speech. They are the especial foes of the other peoples. No one is given entrance into their land, and they live with their neighbors, the Venezuelans, in constant hostilities. They have fine horses, which they know how to ride excellently. ... They have numerous herds of cattle. ... They follow agriculture a little."

_The Standard Natural History (J. S. Kingsley, editor),