book 1, chapter 2.

See also, DORIANS AND IONIANS.

DORMANS, Battle of (1575).

See FRANCE: A. D. 1573-1576.

DORNACH, Battle of (1499).

See SWITZERLAND: A. D. 1396-1499.

DORR REBELLION, The.

See RHODE ISLAND: A. D. 1841-1843.

DORT, OR DORDRECHT, The Synod of.

"In the low-countries the supreme government, the states-general, interfered [in the Calvinistic controversy], and in the year 1618 convoked the first and only synod bearing something of the character of a general council that has been convened by protestants. It assembled at Dort, and continued its sittings from November till May following. Its business was to decide the questions at issue between the Calvinists and Arminians; the latter party were also termed remonstrants. James [I.] was requested to send over representatives for the English Church, and chose four divines:--Carlton bishop of Llandaff, Hall dean of Worcester, afterwards bishop successively of Exeter and Norwich, Davenant afterwards bishop of Salisbury, and Dr. S. Ward of Cambridge. They were men of learning and moderation. ... The history of this famous synod is told in various ways. Its decisions were in favour of the doctrines termed Calvinistic, and the remonstrants were expelled from Holland. ... The majority were even charged by the other party with having bound themselves by an oath before they entered upon business, to condemn the remonstrants."

_J. B. Marsden, History of Early Puritans, page 329._

See NETHERLANDS: A. D. 1603-1619.

DORYLAEUM, Battle of (1097). See CRUSADES: A. D. 1096-1099.

DOUAI: A. D.1667. Taken by the French.

See NETHERLANDS (THE SPANISH PROVINCES): A. D. 1667.

DOUAI: A. D. 1668. Ceded to France.

See NETHERLANDS (HOLLAND): A. D. 1668.

DOUAI: A. D. 1710. Siege and capture by Marlborough.

See NETHERLANDS: A. D. 1710-1712.

DOUAI: End----------

DOUAI, The Catholic Seminary at.

See ENGLAND: A. D. 1572-1603.

DOUBLOON.-DOBLON.

See SPANISH COINS.

DOUGHFACES.

The "Missouri Compromise," of 1820, in the United States, "was a Northern measure, carried by Northern votes. With some the threats of disunion were a sufficient influence; some, whom in the debate Randolph [John Randolph, of Virginia] called doughfaces, did not need even that. ... There has been always a singular servility in the character of a portion of the American people. In that class the slaveholder has always found his Northern servitor. Randolph first gave it a name to live by in the term doughface."

_W. C. Bryant and S. H. Gay, Popular History of the United States, volume 4, pages 270 and 294._

DOUGLAS, Stephen A., and the doctrine of Squatter Sovereignty.

See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1854.

Defeat in Presidential election.

See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1860 (APRIL.-NOVEMBER).

DOURO, Battle of the (1580).

See PORTUGAL: A. D. 1579-1580.

Wellington's passage of the.

See SPAIN: A. D. 1809 (FEBRUARY-JULY).

DOVER, Roman Origin of.

See DUBRIS

DOVER, Tennessee, Battle at.

See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1863 (FEBRUARY-APRIL: TENNESSEE).

DOVER, Treaty of.

See ENGLAND: A. D. 1668-1670.

DOWLAH, Surajah, and the English in India.

See INDIA: A. D. 1755-1757, and 1757.

DRACHMA.

See TALENT.

DRACONIAN LAWS.

See ATHENS: B. C. 624.

DRAFT RIOTS, The.

See NEW YORK (CITY): A. D. 1863.

DRAGON.--PENDRAGON.

A title sometimes given in Welsh poetry to a king or great military leader. Supposed to be derived from the figure of a dragon on their flags, which they borrowed from the Romans.

See CUMBRIA.

DRAGONNADES, The.

See FRANCE: A. D. 1681-1698.

DRAKE'S PIRACIES, and his famous voyage.

See AMERICA: A. D. 1572-1580.

DRANGIANS, The.

See SARANGIANS.

DRAPIER'S LETTERS, The.

See IRELAND: A. D. 1722-1724.

DRAVIDIAN RACES.

See TURANIAN RACES; also, INDIA: THE ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS.

DRED SCOTT CASE, The.

See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1857.

DREPANA, Naval battle at, B. C. 249.

See PUNIC WAR, THE FIRST.

DRESDEN: A. D. 1756. Capture and occupation by Frederick the Great.

See GERMANY: A. D. 1756.

DRESDEN: A. D. 1759-1760. Capture by the Austrians. Bombardment by Frederick.

See GERMANY: A. D. 1759 (JULY-NOVEMBER), and 1760.

DRESDEN: A. D. 1813. Occupied by the Prussians and Russians. Taken by the French. Invested by the Allies. Great battle before the city and victory for Napoleon. French reverses. St Cyr's surrender.

See GERMANY: A. D. 1812-1813; 1813 (APRIL-MAY); (AUGUST); (SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER); and (OCTOBER-DECEMBER).

DRESDEN: End----------

{666}

DRESDEN, Treaty of.

See AUSTRIA: A. D. 1744-1745.

DREUX, Battle of (1562).

See FRANCE: A. D. 1560-1563.

DROGHEDA, OR TREDAH, Cromwell's massacre at.

See IRELAND: A. D. 1649-1650.

DROITWICH, Origin of.

See SALINÆ.

DROMONES. A name given to the light galleys of the Byzantine empire.

_E. Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, chapter 53. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25717_

DRUIDS.

The priesthood of a religion which existed among the Celts of Gaul and Britain before they were Christianized. "Greek and Roman writers give us very little information on this subject and the early Welsh records and poetry none at all. Modern Welsh writers have, however, made up for this want in their genuine literature by inventing an elaborate Druidical system of religion and philosophy which, they pretend, survived the introduction of Christianity and was secretly upheld by the Welsh bards in the Middle Ages. This Neo-Druidic imposture has found numerous adherents."

_W. K. Sullivan, Article, "Celtic Literature," Encyclopedia Britannica._

"Pliny, alluding to the Druids' predilection for groves of oak, adds the words: 'ut inde appellati quoque interpretatione Græca possint Druidæ videri.' ... Had he possessed knowledge enough of the Gaulish language, he would have seen that it supplied an explanation which rendered it needless to have recourse to Greek, namely in the native word 'dru,' which we have in 'Drunemeton,' or the sacred Oak-grove, given by Strabo as the name of the place of assembly of the Galatians. In fact, one has, if I am not mistaken, been skeptic with regard to this etymology, not so much on phonological grounds as from failing exactly to see how the oak could have given its name to such a famous organization as the druidic one must be admitted to have been. But the parallels just indicated, as showing the importance of the sacred tree in the worship of Zeus and the gods representing him among nations other than the Greek one, help to throw some light on this point. According to the etymology here alluded to, the Druids would be the priests of the god associated or identified with the oak; that is, as we are told, the god who seemed to those who were familiar with the pagan theology of the Greeks, to stand in the same position in Gaulish theology that Zeus did in the former. This harmonizes thoroughly with all that is known about the Druids."

_J. Rhys, Hibbert Lectures., 1886, on Celtic Heathendom, lecture 2, part. 2._

"Our traditions of the Scottish and Irish Druids are evidently derived from a time when Christianity had long been established. These insular Druids are represented as being little better than conjurors, and their dignity is as much diminished as the power of the king is exaggerated. ... He is a Pharaoh or Belshazzar with a troop of wizards at his command; but his Druids are sorcerers and rain-doctors. ... The Druids of Strabo's description walked in scarlet and gold brocade and wore golden collars and bracelets; but their doctrines may have been much the same as those of the soothsayers by the Severn, the Irish medicine-men or those rustic wizards by the Loire. ... After the conversion of Ireland was accomplished the Druids disappear from history. Their mystical powers were transferred without much alteration to the abbots and bishops who ruled the 'families of the saints.'"

_C. Elton, Origins of English History, chapter 10._

ALSO IN: _Julius Cæsar, Gallic War, book 6, chapters 13-18._

_Strabo, Geography, book 4, chapter 4, sections 4-6._

For an account of the final destruction of the Druids, in their last retreat, on the island of Mona, or Anglesey,

See BRITAIN: A. D. 61.

DRUMCLOG, The Covenanters at.

See SCOTLAND: A. D. 1679 (MAY-JUNE).

DRURY'S BLUFF, Battle of.

See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1864 (MAY: VIRGINIA) THE ARMY OF THE JAMES.

DRUSUS, Germanic campaigns of.

See GERMANY: B. C. 12-9.

DRYOPIANS, The.

One of the aboriginal nations of ancient Greece, whose territory was in the valley of the Spercheus and extended as far as Parnassus and Thermopylæ; but who were afterwards widely dispersed in many colonies. It is, says C. O. Müller, "historically certain that a great part of the Dryopians were consecrated as a subject people to the Pythian Apollo (an usage of ancient times, of which there are many instances) and that for a long time they served as such."

_History and Antiquity of the Doric Race,