volume 20: Colorado, chapter 2-6.

COLORADO: End----------

COLOSSEUM, OR COLISEUM, The.

"The Flavian Amphitheatre, or Colosseum, was built by Vespasian and Titus in the lowest part of the valley between the Cælean and Esquiline Hills, which was then occupied by a large artificial pool for naval fights ('Naumachia'). ... The exact date of the commencement of the Colosseum is doubtful, but it was opened for use in A. D. 80. ... As built by the Flavian Emperors the upper galleries ('mœniani') were of wood, and these, as in the case of the Circus Maximus, at many times caught fire from lightning and other causes, and did much damage to the stone-work of the building."

_J. H. Middleton, Ancient Rome in 1885, chapter 10._

ALSO IN: _J. H. Parker. Archaeology of Rome, part 7._

_R Burn, Rome and the Campagna, chapter 9, part 2._

See, also, ROME: A. D. 70-96.

COLOSSUS OF RHODES.

See RHODES.

COLUMBAN CHURCH, The.

The church, or the organization of Christianity, in Scotland, which resulted from the labors of the Irish missionary, Columba, in the sixth century, and which spread from the great monastery that he founded on the little island of Iona, or Ia, or Hii, near the greater island of Mull. The church of Columba, "not only for a time embraced within its fold the whole of Scotland north of the Firths of Forth and Clyde, and was for a century and a half the national church of Scotland, but was destined to give to the Angles of Northumbria the same form of Christianity for a period of thirty years." It represented some differences from the Roman church which two centuries of isolation had produced in the Irish church, from which it sprang.

_W. F. Skene, Celtic Scotland, book 2, chapter 3._

ALSO IN: _Count de Montalembert, The Monks of the West, book 9 (volume 3)._

_G. F. Maclear, Conversion of the West: The Celts,