Part 35

Page 134, line 17.--That is, by this course which he had now adopted, he put himself beyond the reach of those severe censors.

Page 135, line 11.--"Murmuring" is hardly strong enough here to give the force of the _many-meaning_ German word _brausend_. "Roaring" would come nearer to it.

Page 136, line 17:--

"'T is better to have loved and lost, Than never to have loved at all."

TENNYSON.

"'O, in this chilly world, too fast The doubting fiend pursues our youth! Better be cheated to the last Than lose the glorious hope of truth!"

FANNY KEMBLE.

Page 141, 2d note.--The meaning seems to be, that strips of gold-foil were hung up to flutter round and frighten the birds, just as our farmers hang up strips of tin for scarecrows.

Page 146, line 3. "She kept," &c.--There is something very obscure here. For the German reads that the old Princess made this comparison "im Wahne der Verschwisterung" (under the illusion or in a fancy of relationship). Now Eleonore knew that this was her son Albano; because, in the letter she wrote to him that day and laid up (see Vol. II. p. 493), she says, "To-day I have seen thee again," &c. May the meaning be, then, that Eleonore tried to imagine by looking at the children that Albano might be a relative of hers? Or had Richter forgotten that Eleonore knew who Albano was, and does the _bonus Homerus dormitat_ here?

Page 157, line 33.--The _cane_; more exactly, the _pike_.

Page 159, line 20.--"Adopt" is rather too strong a word. "Take an interest in them" is all the original requires.

Page 164, line 4.--We use the phrase "within four walls" as synonymous with "in a room"; and in this case there would be _three_ rooms or _twelve_ walls (one of J. P.'s trivial niceties).

Page 168, line 21.--The _fat-eye_ (_exophthalmy_ it was wrongly rendered in the first editions) means such little _globules_ of fat as show themselves, for instance, on the surface of _bouilli_, or marrow boiled down.

Page 169, line 7.--As army-cloth shrinks when wet, so Malt grows thin and falls away under the soaking of his tears.

Page 176, line 2. "It is a sin," &c.--There is a degree of obscurity in this sentence arising from the elliptical and allusive style Jean Paul employs; but the "innocent conditions" seems to mean the extent to which one may safely go in certain pleasures. Surgeons attend at the rack to tell how far torture may be carried without producing death;[216] but no physician is at hand to tell the poor prince how much he may enjoy without killing himself.

Page 177, line 11.--"Scholar-like"; more properly, _tyro-like_. The Germans hardly have a word corresponding to our _scholar_ as meaning a scholarly man. Their _Schüler_ means a _learner_, not one who is _learned_.

Page 178, line 7.--"Sprinkled him with rose-vinegar"; i. e. gently rebuked his moral indifference.

Page 178, line 9.--Luigi's father was lying on the coffin-board (or bier); and L. himself was in that state of stupidity, thick-headedness, and brazen-facedness which the proverb describes: "Er hat ein Bret vor dem Kopf."

Page 181, line 28.--"Fire-mounds," or, more exactly, _fire-moles_; described in the German works as _feuer-rothe Muttermäler_ (fiery-red marks inherited from a mother).

Page 184, line 7.--"Leading-hounds,"--or pointers, which gives rather more effect to the surprise produced by saying, after the dash, instead of _noses_,--_ears_.--The allusion to _le Cain_ of course has a double meaning, referring not only to the actor, but to the wicked and murderous brother.

Page 188, line 12.--"Chap-sager," sap-sago,--derived from two words, meaning _scraped cheese_.

Page 188, line 21.--When children in Germany are set at a little side-table, they are said to "sitzen am Katz-tische." These expressions come from the custom of giving the cat a side-bit while the dinner is going on.--Line 31. The Ephraimite was a coin named after one Ephraim, a Jew, who alloyed the legal coin of the Empire. The counterfeit was readily to be detected by suspending the piece in wine, the acid of which acted upon the spurious element, and turned the metal black.

Page 197, line 2. "TEN PERSECUTIONS."--In allusion, of course, to the number the Christians are estimated to have suffered under the Roman Emperor.

Page 203, line 25. "The gossiping letter."--_Gevatter's-brief_ (godfather's letter), a request to her to stand as godmother.

Page 211, line 1.--A _Spanish wall_ means a temporary partition put up to make two rooms of one.

Page 213, line 27.--"Sun-path," used here in the astronomical sense and figuratively. "Sweet moon, I thank thee for thy _sunny_ beams!" says Pyramus.--In line 12 occurs again that peculiar word _fatal_, which does not bear exactly our sense, but means ugly, disagreeable, &c.

Page 215, line 15.--"He can't count more than five," is a proverb expressing dulness or stupidity.

Page 217, line 17.--"Conditions"; i. e. apprentices, hires.

Page 218, line 3,--"A box of letters" i. e. a case of type.

Page 219, line 3. The time of the Indiction among the Romans was that wherein the people were summoned (_indicted_) to pay a certain tribute.--The Romish or Papal Indiction, which is that used in the Pope's bull, begins on the first of January.

Page 221, bottom. (_Faro_ is said to derive its name from _Pharaoh_, whose image was formerly on one of the cards.)--"The banker turns up the cards from a complete pack, one by one, laying them first to his right for the bank, and then to his left for the _punter_ (or player, so called from the Italian _puntare_), till all the cards are dealt out. The banker wins when the card equal in points to that on which the stake is set turns up on his right hand, but loses when it is dealt to the left."

Page 224, line 13. "A round pearl."--_Zahl-perle_ means strictly a pearl that is counted, not weighed.

Page 225, line 31.--The translator was not sure whether the abbreviative H. prefixed to these names meant _Heilige_ or _Herrn_; and he chose the former, merely because the author calls them _disciples_.

Page 242, line 11.--_Hirschfeld_ (erroneously translated _deer-field_) is a proper name, of a writer quite obsolete now, who lived from 1742 to 1792, and wrote a work on country life. Richter says that Lilar is not like a page out of Hirschfeld (made to order).

Page 243, line 23.--Of the "wild Germander," old Thomas Johnson says in his Historie of Plants, 1633, "The floures be of a gallant blew colour, standing orderlie on the tops of the tender, spriggy spraies."

Page 246, line 3.--Castor and Pollux were brothers of Helen; and, according to one tradition, _all_ were born at once, being children of Zeus and Leda. Horace calls them

"Fratres Helenæ, lucida sidera."

Carm. 1. 3.

Page 248, "43^_a_ cycle."--It was apparently an oversight of Jean Paul's, making _two_ 43d cycles, and it was left so in all the editions.

Page 252, line 19. "Sad-cloak."--A butterfly called the _Trauermantel_, or _mourning mantle_.

Page 262, line 26.--_Blazing sea_ is a bold figure. Perhaps _boiling_ would be more appropriate to the outer element, though not to Albano's inner emotion.

Page 267, line 4.--"Voice" means here _vote_.

Page 272, line 22.--There is a trick of language here, which cannot be given in translation, but only in explanation. The idea is that Schoppe was _turning_ (or rather twisting) something similar to what the children were making; namely, an imaginary nose. Now in English we have no concise expression for that symbolic art of pressing the thumb to the nose and stretching the fingers into the air with a whirling motion, to convey the idea of having outwitted the person pointed at. The gesture is described very elaborately in one of Marryatt's novels; and Bon Gualtier, in his parody of Locksley Hall, speaks of "coffee-milling care and sorrow, with a nose-adapted thumb."

Page 284, line 7.--"Shut up," literally _crooks up_, as a prisoner is doubled up by fetters.

Page 285, line 9.--The "Charles" referred to is _Charlemagne_. "Sacramentarian" is strictly the English of _Sacramentierer_; but the word Schoppe uses is _Sacramenter_, which may mean one who says _Sacrament_! (a vulgar oath). Or it might be translated here "a poor curse."

Page 286, second note.--Subscription is called in German _prænumeration_, because the subscribers are numbered, or the money counted out, beforehand.

Page 291, line 6.--This does not fully express the ceremony, which consisted in breaking the helmet in pieces, and flinging them in upon the coffin.

Page 298, line 17.--"Awaiting his sword," which he had been obliged to leave behind on entering.

Page 299, line 11. "Paper dragon."--The German name for a child's kite.

Page 301, line 31. Properly rendered, "What will he--you?"--The mechanic, thinking at first he was addressing one of his own class, used the familiar "he," then, recognizing his mistake, he changed it to the more respectful "you."

Page 306, line 9.--"Whipped" is too strong an expression. The meaning is, that, the punishment having been commuted to a mere grazing of the neck with a rod (twig), the penitent had died under the stroke by the effect of imagination;--as is said to have actually occurred in the case of a beadle at a German university, whom the students, after a mock-trial, pretended they were going to execute, and, having laid his head on the block, simply struck it with a sausage, when to their horror he died of pure fright.

Page 312, line 4.--It was not a chocolate _mill_, but a twirling stick to stir chocolate.--Line 8. "Support"; i. e. to lay paper on for writing.

Page 312, line 33.--Richter has, not "Russia," but _Saanen_.

Page 327, line 7.--"Bleeds" _to death_, is the force of the original.

Page 329, line 32. "Just then," &c. Compare a passage in Richter's "New Year's Night of an Unhappy Man."

Page 335, line 10.--Jordan- or paper-almonds are those of which the shell is scraped to the thinness of paper.

Page 387, line 15.--The "touching ambiguity" spoken of cannot be expressed in the English translation. It lies in the fact that Albano's last three words, _es seines wird_, may mean either "When it becomes his," or "When his is so"; i. e. my heart will be happy when his is so.

Page 390, line 2.--The "English horsetails" are the _Bobtails_.

Page 391, line 2. "Overstrained image."--Rather the _stretched pictures_ (as pictures are stretched in framing).

Page 392, line 5.--"Thickness" is a proper name; but the translator has not been able to learn anything of him, or of the fact here adduced on his authority.

Page 393, line 18. "To dream and _enjoy_."--Instead of _geniessen_, some editions have _genesen_, to _get well_.

Page 405, line 12.--The _Schneider's skin_ is the _Schneiderian membrane_, so called from its discoverer, Conrad Victor Schneider, who was born in 1610, was Professor of Medicine and Physician to the Elector, and in 1660 wrote a treatise, "De Catarrhis," in six books, devoted chiefly to an anatomical description of the cavities of the nose.

Page 429, line 14.--The literal meaning of this bold figure is, "It struck epileptically, till they bled, the limbs of the inner man."

Page 436, line 22.--The _time-keeper_ means the _metronome_.

Page 465, line 18.--The "seven pleasure-stations" allude to the stations in the Catholic Church, which are a series of pictured scenes in the life of Christ, before which the devotee successively pauses. They correspond here to the "Point of View, No. 1," "Point of View, No. 2," and so on, which one meets in the neighborhood of certain great wonders of Nature, such as Niagara Falls.

Page 469, line 7. "The wain."--Query, _Charles's Wain_.

Page 475, line 24. "The golden splendor of the strings of joy."--One edition has _Der goldene Seiten_- [instead of _Saiten_-] _glanz der Freude_,--"The golden side-glance of joy."

Page 479, line 16. "The fiery rain," &c.--One edition has _Wagen_ instead of _Regen_,--the fiery _chariot_.

NOTES TO VOL. II.

Page 74, line 25. "The laughter-plant."--"The _Illyrium Crow-foot_," says Thomas Johnson, in his "History of Plants," p. 953, "in Greek, may be that kind of crow-foot called _Apium risus_, and [Greek: gelotophuê] [laughter-producing]; and this is thought to be that _Gelotophyllis_ of which Pliny maketh mention in his 24th Booke, 17th chapter, which being drunke, saith he, with wine and myrrhe, causeth a man to see divers strange sights, and not to cease laughing till he hath drunk Pineapple kernels with pepper in wine of the Date-tree (I think he would have said untill he be dead), because the nature of laughing Crow-foot is to kill laughing, but without doubt the thing is clean contrary; for it causeth such convulsions, cramps, and wringings of the mouth and jaws, that it hath seemed to some that the parties died laughing, whereas in truth they have died in great torment."

Page 487, line 20.--Hemsterhuis, a Dutch critic and philologist, of remarkable precocity, was born in Groningen in 1685, entered the University at fourteen, and at nineteen became Professor of Mathematics and Philosophy at Amsterdam. He died at Leyden in 1766.

Page 499, line 29.--Saint Alban is said to have been the first martyr for Christianity in Britain. He renounced Paganism in Rome, and suffered martyrdom during the persecutions under Dioclesian. A monastery was built in his memory, and around it grew up the town of St. Alban's.

Page 500, line 1.--Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founded the order of _el toysón de oro_, on occasion of his marriage with the Princess Isabella of Portugal, January 10, 1430.

Page 508, line 4.--Nicholas Jerome Gundling, a learned and in his day noted professor of law and eloquence, was born near Nuremberg, and died in 1729 at Halle, where he had been Rector of the University. He left many works, among them "Otia, or a Collection of Discourses on Physical, Moral, Political, and Historical Topics," in 3 vols., 8vo.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1: See Titan, Vol. I p. 38.--Tr.]

[Footnote 2: The Greek Polus (in Aulus Gellius, Book VII. Chap. V.), who, having to enact Electra with the bones of Orestes, took instead the ashes of his own son, who had just died, and uttered _real_ sorrow.--Tr.]

[Footnote 3: Julius did not become blind till his twelfth year, and had therefore conceptions of the face.]

[Footnote 4: See the blind girl's song in Bulwer's "Last Days of Pompeii."--Tr.]

[Footnote 5: Planets with their moons.]

[Footnote 6: Literally, He only thinks us, when we think Him.--Tr.]

[Footnote 7: Here ended Jean Paul's second volume.--Tr.]

[Footnote 8: Professor Hofmann as a throne-stormer, and his magazine, wherein at the beginning of the Revolution he took every free-thinker captive, are to be sure long since forgotten; but one may substitute for him any the nearest and newest German ultra.]

[Footnote 9: Literally, "What time o' day it was."--Tr.]

[Footnote 10: I. e. a poltroon.--Tr.]

[Footnote 11: Hence in Athens it was allowed to ridicule the gods, but not to deny them.]

[Footnote 12: Literally, was _handselled_ or _overhauled_ (as young sailors on first crossing the line).--Tr.]

[Footnote 13: Literally, "knocked him into April."--Tr.]

[Footnote 14: _Satyr_ means a satyr, and _satyre_, satire.--Tr.]

[Footnote 15: _Emprosthotonos_ is the cramp which bends men forward. _Opisthotonos_ bends them backward.]

[Footnote 16: "Sed magis amica veritas!"--Tr.]

[Footnote 17: See the weekly, called "The Jew," page 380, e. g. according to the Book _Lebusch Atteret Sahaph_, a man with a beast's head is a human first-birth, but not so an insect, an entire beast.]

[Footnote 18: Anatomical term for a passage connecting with the uterus. Tr.]

[Footnote 19: That is, as an army is put on a movable footing or in marching order for battle.--Tr.]

[Footnote 20: So the spinners call the decayed part of the cotton-wool.]

[Footnote 21: The bellows' _treader_ or blower.--Tr.]

[Footnote 22: Bristles.--Tr.]

[Footnote 23: One of the seven stars in the tail of the Lion, named for the wife of Ptolemy III., whose hair was stolen from the Temple of Venus, where she had placed it in fulfilment of a vow.--Tr.]

[Footnote 24: From the connection, these books would seem to have been certain antidotes to melancholy, or _Cheerful Companions_, well known at that day.--Tr.]

[Footnote 25: Servants dressed in the costume of Hungarian soldiers.--Tr.]

[Footnote 26: Pier-glasses.--Tr.]

[Footnote 27: Household plate.--Tr.]

[Footnote 28: Probably a ward or school of the city.--Tr.]

[Footnote 29: The hands of the Medicean Venus are new and restored.]

[Footnote 30: Chief-Physician.--Tr.]

[Footnote 31: For Vandyk's Sebastian is said to resemble the painter himself.]

[Footnote 32: A furnace for destroying galleries of mines, invented by Belidor, a French military mathematician, born in 1697.--Tr.]

[Footnote 33: "But it is myself I forget in pardoning you."]

[Footnote 34: According to the common opinion; for I am inclined to the other, which calls them Ator, Sator, Peratoras. These names distinguish the kings wholly from the shepherds, who were called Milati, Acheel, Cyriacus, and Stephanus, and who also preceded them, all which I copy here out of _Casaub. Exercit. ad Ann. Baron_., II. 10, because I am not at all ashamed to know anything useless, provided a Casaubon is not, and provided it is something learned too.]

[Footnote 35: The reference is all along to the years 1792-93.]

[Footnote 36: Who would take a hand at nine-pins on coming out of a battle won or lost.--Tr.]

[Footnote 37: See Titan, Vol. II. p. 1, note.--Tr.]

[Footnote 38: A liquor made of sulphuric acid, alcohol, sorrel-juice, and water, once much used for gun-shot wounds.--Tr.]

[Footnote 39: Voetii Select. Disputat. Theol., P. I. p. 918.]

[Footnote 40: Papin was a physicist and machinist, who invented a machine for softening bones to make a digestible food.--Tr.]

[Footnote 41: Writers on natural history deny that serpents _do_ drink. But this may allude to some legend.--Tr.]

[Footnote 42: He calls Death, and the state, a pavior, though in different senses.]

[Footnote 43: The name given to a high rocky pyramid beside Mont Blanc, containing a hole through which one sees the heavens. It is to me a tender fancy to represent to myself beside the highest mountain, which takes in as much of heaven as of earth, a smaller one, which opens into a narrow prospect offering to our eye a blue telescope, out of which our hope builds the arch of heaven.]

[Footnote 44: After the death of the Emperor, a wax image of him was kept for seven days in the palace, where it received as his representative ceremonious visits, and, among the rest, of course from the physicians.--Tr.]

[Footnote 45: Meaning her body. See p. 78.--Tr.]

[Footnote 46: Or neck (of a violin, for instance).--Tr.]

[Footnote 47: _Vorrede_ being the German for Preface.--Tr.]

[Footnote 48: _To turn over the strong-box_ means _to count the cash_.--Tr.]

[Footnote 49: Outlawry of debts after five years.--Tr.]

[Footnote 50: Hell-stone, or lunar caustic.--Tr.]

[Footnote 51: The district in which Voltaire's Ferney lay.--Tr.]

[Footnote 52: Probably some _vade-mecum_ of Jean Paul's time.--Tr.]

[Footnote 53: Contribution levied on subjects when the sovereign's daughter is to be portioned.--Tr.]

[Footnote 54: Knave.--Tr.]

[Footnote 55: Ballet-dancer.--"The brisk locomotion of _Columbine_." (Johnson's ghost in "Rejected Addresses.")--Tr.]

[Footnote 56: 1700-1763. A famous, extravagant German statesman attached to Augustus III. of Saxony.--Tr.]

[Footnote 57: Heads of short, frizzled hair, modelled after the busts or portraits of Titus.--Tr.]

[Footnote 58: A small Cologne coin, so named from the image of a little fat man or monk (some thinking _fettmännchen_ a corruption for _fettmönchchen_) stamped on it.--Tr.]

[Footnote 59, 60, 61: The one word _butterfly_ is expressed by three different words here in German: _Schmetterling_, _Phaläne_, and _Zweifalter_.--Tr.]

[Footnote 62: The crape hat.]

[Footnote 63: Because courtiers herein also resemble the first Christians, who destroyed only such statues as had received adoration in the place of _God_.]

[Footnote 64: Doctrine of kissing.--Tr.]

[Footnote 65: Carl Gottlob Cramer, who died in 1817, was a very prolific, and in his day popular, romance-writer.]

[Footnote 66: In miners' language the _men of the quill_ are the superintendents, clerks, &c., in the Mining-office; those of _leather_ are those who wear the hind aprons of that stuff for sliding down into the mines; those of _fire_ are the men that smelt the metal.]

[Footnote 67: That is to say, in the years of _Lucinda_, the anti-Herders, &c.]

[Footnote 68: Jean Paul reminds us in the Preface to "Quintus Fixlein" that "Flying Dogs" is a name for _Vampyres_.--Tr.]

[Footnote 69: John David Michaelis (knighted by the King of Sweden) planned, in 1756, a journey to the East, in the cause of biblical and philological science, for which he prepared a series of questions.--Tr.]

[Footnote 70: From the iron-forges and colliers' huts.]

[Footnote 71: See Apocrypha: Tobit viii. 8.]

[Footnote 72: It was when he spoke with his father in the arbor in behalf of Clotilda's union with Flamin,--and when he proposed to himself, before the event, to renounce even her friendship.]

[Footnote 73: Frascati was a summer residence of the Roman Emperors in the Campagna, on the Tusculan Mount, eight miles from Rome.--Tr.]

[Footnote 74: Architectural term.--Tr.]

[Footnote 75: _Real-schule_: practical school, for the learning of things. "Res, non verba, quæso," was Spurzheim's motto.--Tr.]

[Footnote 76: This Institute is of course out of Jean Paul's brain; the others are historical. The one at Schnepfenthal (in Thüringen) was founded by Salzman, who died in 1811.--Tr.]

[Footnote 77: Septleva (Sept-le-va) is an old French term applied to the case in the game of faro where the player gains seven times the number he laid down.--Tr.]

[Footnote 78: In German, Muck! like the snapping noise of the dog when flies torment his sleep.--Tr.]

[Footnote 79: Most women are not gallows-_paters_ [confessors] properly, gallows-maters and female barrack-preachers, until they are full of the Devil, as Sterne had the most conceits when he was not well.]

[Footnote 80: Sixth and fifth months of the French Republican calendar.--Tr.]

[Footnote 81: February changed to August.--Tr.]

[Footnote 82: A grated Place in Paris, where they expose the dead found during the night, that every one may find his relative.]

[Footnote 83: Great is the soul which, like him, with none but enemies around him, renounces all power,--greater is the people, before which one could venture to do it. Another people would have anticipated Sulla's lice. [Alluding to a loathsome disease which beset him late in life, called the _morbus pediculosus_.--Tr.]]

[Footnote 84: Victor took for his union ten persons, perhaps because exactly that number is required to make a riot. Hommel, _Rhapsod. observat_. CCXXV.]

[Footnote 85: The 4th of August, 1789, was the memorable night in which all the represented upper estates formally renounced their old privileges.--Tr.]

[Footnote 86: Literally _brain-borer_.--Tr.]

[Footnote 87: Job xxxvi. 21: "Take heed, regard not iniquity; for this hast thou chosen rather than affliction."--Tr.]

[Footnote 88: For there is no great event from a little cause, but only great events from a million little causes, of which one always assigns the last as the mother of the great result. Is then the priming the charge of the cannon?]

[Footnote 89: Thistle-knobs.--Tr.]

[Footnote 90: That is to say, no sculptor could make a second nose to fit this statue,--for the first had been broken off. At last, after four hundred years, a child found in a great fish the marble one which belonged to it. Labat's Travels, Fifth Part.]

[Footnote 91: Old designation of a Russian or Polish Prince.--Tr.]