Part 44

II.—Chloral hydrate 2 drachms Carbolic acid 1 drachm {241} Tincture iodine 60 drops Glycerine 1 ounce

Mix and dissolve. Apply with a camel’s-hair pencil at night.

III.—Distilled vinegar 660 parts Lemons, cut in small pieces 135 parts Alcohol, 85 per cent 88 parts Lavender oil 23 parts Water 88 parts Citron oil 6 parts

This mixture is allowed to stand for 3 or 4 days in the sun and filtered. Coat, by means of a sponge before retiring, the places of the skin where the freckles are and allow to dry.

«Freckles and Liver Spots.»—Modern dermatological methods of treating freckles and liver spots are based partly on remedies that cause desquamation and those that depigmentate (or destroy or neutralize pigmentation). Both methods may be distinguished in respect to their effects and mode of using into the following: The active ingredients of the desquamative pastes are reductives which promote the formation of epithelium and hence expedite desquamation.

There are many such methods, and especially to be mentioned is that of Unna, who uses resorcin for the purpose. Lassar makes use of a paste of naphthol and sulphur.

«Sunburn Remedies.»—

I.—Zinc sulphocarbolate 1 part Glycerine. 20 parts Rose water 70 parts Alcohol, 90 per cent 8 parts Cologne water 1 part Spirit of camphor 1 part

II.—Borax 4 parts Potassium chlorate 2 parts Glycerine 10 parts Alcohol 4 parts Rose water to make 90 parts

III.—Citric acid 2 drachms Ferrous sulphate (cryst.) 18 grains Camphor 2 grains Elder-flower water 3 fluidounces

IV.—Potassium carbonate 3 parts Sodium chloride 2 parts Orange-flower water 15 parts Rose water 65 parts

V.—Boroglycerine, 50 per cent 1 part Ointment of rose water 9 parts

VI.—Sodium bicarbonate 1 part Ointment of rose water 7 parts

VII.—Bicarbonate of soda 2 drachms Powdered borax 1 drachm Compound tincture of lavender 1 1⁠/⁠2 drachms Glycerine 1 ounce Rose water 4 ounces

Dissolve the soda and borax in the glycerine and rose water, and add the tincture. Apply with a small piece of sponge 2 or 3 times a day. Then gently dry by dabbing with a soft towel.

VIII.—Quince seeds 2 drachms Distilled water 10 ounces Glycerine 2 ounces Alcohol, 94 per cent 1 ounce Rose water 2 ounces

Boil the seeds in the water for 10 minutes, then strain off the liquid, and when cold add to it the glycerine, alcohol, and rose water.

IX.—White soft soap 2 1⁠/⁠2 drachms Glycerine 1 1⁠/⁠2 drachms Almond oil 11 drachms

Well mix the glycerine and soap in a mortar, and very gradually add the oil, stirring constantly until perfectly mixed.

X.—Subnitrate of bismuth 1 1⁠/⁠2 drachms Powdered French chalk 30 grains Glycerine 2 drachms Rose water 1 1⁠/⁠2 ounces

Mix the powders, and rub down carefully with the glycerine; then add the rose water. Shake the bottle before use.

XI.—Glycerine cream 2 drachms Jordan almonds 4 drachms Rose water 5 ounces Essential oil of almonds 3 drops

Blanch the almonds, and then dry and beat them up into a perfectly smooth paste; then mix in the glycerine cream and essential oil. Gradually add the rose water, stirring well after each addition; then strain through muslin.

«Tan and Freckle Lotion.»—

Solution A:

Potassium iodide, iodine, glycerine, and infusion rose.

Dissolve the potassium iodide in a {242} small quantity of the infusion and a drachm of the glycerine; with this fluid moisten the iodine in a glass of water and rub it down, gradually adding more liquid, until complete solution has been obtained; then stir in the remainder of the ingredients, and bottle the mixture.

Solution B:

Sodium thiosulphate and rose water. With a small camel’s-hair pencil or piece of fine sponge apply a little of solution A to the tanned or freckled surface, until a slight or tolerably uniform brownish yellow skin has been produced. At the expiration of 15 or 20 minutes moisten a piece of cambric, lint, or soft rag with B and lay it upon the affected part, removing, squeezing away the liquid, soaking it afresh, and again applying until the iodine stain has disappeared. Repeat the process thrice daily, but diminish the frequency of application if tenderness be produced.

«A Cure for Tan.»—Bichloride of mercury, in coarse powder, 10 grains; distilled water, 1 pint. Agitate the two together until a complete solution is obtained. Add 1⁠/⁠2 ounce of glycerine. Apply with a small sponge as often as agreeable. This is not strong enough to blister and skin the face in average cases. It may be increased or reduced in strength by adding to or taking from the amount of bichloride of mercury. Do not forget that this last ingredient is a powerful poison and should be kept out of the reach of children and ignorant persons.

«Improved Carron Oil.»—Superior to the old and more suitable. A desirable preparation for burns, tan, freckle, sunburn, scalds, abrasions, or lung affections. Does not oxidize so quickly or dry up so rapidly and less liable to rancidity.

Linseed oil 2 ounces Limewater 2 ounces Paraffine, liquid 1 ounce

Mix the linseed oil and water, and add the paraffine. Shake well before using.

«LIVER SPOTS.»

I.—Corrosive sublimate 1 part White sugar 190 parts White of egg 34 parts Lemon juice 275 parts Water to make 2,500 parts

Mix the sublimate, sugar, and albumen intimately, then add the lemon juice and water. Dissolve, shake well, and after standing an hour, filter. Apply in the morning after the usual ablutions, and let dry on the face.

II.—Bichloride of mercury, in coarse powder, 8 grains; witch-hazel, 2 ounces; rose water, 2 ounces.

Agitate until a solution is obtained. Mop over the affected parts. Keep out of the way of ignorant persons and children.

«TOILET POWDERS:»

«Almond Powders for the Toilet.»—

I.—Almond meal 6,000 parts Bran meal 3,000 parts Soap powder 600 parts Bergamot oil 50 parts Lemon oil 15 parts Clove oil 15 parts Neroli oil 6 parts

II.—Almond meal 7,000 parts Bran meal 2,000 parts Violet root 900 parts Borax 350 parts Bitter almond oil 18 parts Palmarosa oil 36 parts Bergamot oil 10 parts

III.—Almond meal 3,000 parts Bran meal 3,000 parts Wheat flour 3,000 parts Sand 100 parts Lemon oil 40 parts Bitter almond oil 10 parts

«Bath Powder.»—

Borax 4 ounces Salicylic acid 1 drachm Extract of cassia 1 drachm Extract of jasmine 1 drachm Oil of lavender 20 minims

Rub the oil and extracts with the borax and salicylic acid until the alcohol has evaporated. Use a heaping teaspoonful to the body bath.

«Brunette or Rachelle.»—

Base 9 pounds Powdered Florentine orris 1 pound Perfume the same. Powdered yellow ocher (av.) 3 ounces 120 grains Carmine No. 40 60 grains

Rub down the carmine and ocher with alcohol in a mortar, and spread on glass to dry; then mix and sift.

«Violet Poudre de Riz.»—

I.—Cornstarch 7 pounds Rice flour 1 pound Powdered talc 1 pound Powdered orris root 1 pound Extract of cassia 3 ounces Extract of jasmine 1 ounce

{243}

II.—Cheaper.

Potato starch 8 pounds Powdered talc 1 pound Powdered orris 1 pound Extract of cassia 3 ounces

«Barber’s Powder.»—

Cornstarch 5 pounds Precipitated chalk 3 pounds Powdered talc 2 pounds Oil of neroli 1 drachm Oil of cedrat 1 drachm Oil of orange 2 drachms Extract of jasmine 1 ounce

«Rose Poudre de Riz.»—

I.—Cornstarch 9 pounds Powdered talc 1 pound Oil of rose 1 1⁠/⁠4 drachms Extract of jasmine 6 drachms

II.—Potato starch 9 pounds Powdered talc 1 pound Oil of rose 1⁠/⁠2 drachm Extract of jasmine 1⁠/⁠2 ounce

«Ideal Cosmetic Powder.»—The following combines the best qualities that a powder for the skin should have:

Zinc, white 50 parts Calcium carbonate, precipitated 300 parts Steatite, best white 50 parts Starch, wheat, or rice 100 parts Extract white rose, triple 3 parts Extract jasmine, triple 3 parts Extract orange flower, triple 3 parts Extract of cassia, triple 3 parts Tincture of myrrh 1 part

Powder the solids and mix thoroughly by repeated siftings.

«Flesh Face Powder.»—

Base 9 pounds Powdered Florentine orris 1 pound Carmine No. 40 250 grains Extract of jasmine 100 minims Oil of neroli 20 minims Vanillin 5 grains Artificial musk 30 grains White heliotropin 30 grains Coumarin 1 grain

Rub the carmine with a portion of the base and alcohol in a mortar, mixing the perfume the same way in another large mortar, and adding the orris. Mix and sift all until specks of carmine disappear on rubbing.

«White Face Powder.»—

Base 9 pounds Powdered Florentine orris 1 pound

Perfume the same. Mix and sift.

«Talcum Powders.»—Talc, when used as a toilet powder should be in a state of very fine division. Antiseptics are sometimes added in small proportion, but these are presumably of little or no value in the quantity allowable, and may prove irritating. For general use, at all events, the talcum alone is the best and the safest. As a perfume, rose oil may be employed, but on account of its cost, rose geranium oil is probably more frequently used. A satisfactory proportion is 1⁠/⁠2 drachm of the oil to a pound of the powder. In order that the perfume may be thoroughly disseminated throughout the powder, the oil should be triturated first with a small portion of it; this should then be further triturated with a larger portion, and, if the quantity operated on be large, the final mixing may be effected by sifting. Many odors besides that of rose would be suitable for a toilet powder. Ylang-ylang would doubtless prove very attractive, but expensive.

The following formulas for other varieties of the powder may prove useful:

Violet Talc.—

I.—Powdered talc 14 ounces Powdered orris root 2 ounces Extract of cassia 1⁠/⁠2 ounce Extract of jasmine 1⁠/⁠4 ounce

Rose Talc.—

II.—Powdered talc 5 pounds Oil of rose 1⁠/⁠2 drachm Extract of jasmine 4 ounces

Tea-Rose Talc.—

III.—Powdered talc 5 pounds Oil of rose 50 drops Oil of wintergreen 4 drops Extract of jasmine 2 ounces

Borated Apple Blossom.—

IV.—Powdered talc 22 pounds Magnesium carbonate 2 3⁠/⁠4 pounds Powdered boric acid 1 pound

Mix.

Carnation pink blossom (Schimmel’s) 2 ounces Extract of trefle 2 drachms

To 12 drachms of this mixture add:

Neroli 1 drachm Vanillin 1⁠/⁠2 drachm Alcohol to 3 ounces

Sufficient for 25 pounds. {244}

V.—Talcum 8 ounces Starch 8 ounces Oil of neroli 10 drops Oil of ylang-ylang 5 drops

VI.—Talcum 12 ounces Starch 4 ounces Orris root 2 ounces Oil of bergamot 12 drops

VII.—Talcum 14 ounces Starch 2 ounces Lanolin 1⁠/⁠2 ounce Oil of rose 10 drops Oil of neroli 5 drops

«TOILET VINEGARS:»

«Pumillo Toilet Vinegar.»—

Alcohol, 80 per cent 1,600 parts Vinegar, 10 per cent 840 parts Oil of pinu spumillo 44 parts Oil of lavender 4 parts Oil of lemon 2 parts Oil of bergamot 2 parts

Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, add the vinegar, let stand for a week and filter.

«Vinaigre Rouge.»—

Acetic acid 24 parts Alum 3 parts Peru balsam 1 part Carmine, No. 40 12 parts Ammonia water 6 parts Rose water, distilled 575 parts Alcohol 1,250 parts

Dissolve the balsam of Peru in the alcohol, and the alum in the rose water. Mix the two solutions, add the acetic acid, and let stand overnight. Dissolve the carmine in the ammonia water and add to mixture. Shake thoroughly, let stand for a few minutes, then decant.

«TOILET WATERS:»

«“Beauty Water.”»—

Fresh egg albumen 500 parts Alcohol 125 parts Lemon oil 2 parts Lavender oil 2 parts Oil of thyme 2 parts

Mix the ingredients well together. When first mixed the liquid becomes flocculent, but after standing for 2 or 3 days clears up—sometimes becomes perfectly clear, and may be decanted. It forms a light, amber-colored liquid that remains clear for months.

At night, before retiring, pour about a teaspoonful of the water in the palm of the hand, and rub it over the face and neck, letting it dry on. In the morning, about an hour before the bath, repeat the operation, also letting the liquid dry on the skin. The regular use of this preparation for 4 weeks will give the skin an extraordinary fineness, clearness, and freshness.

«Rottmanner’s Beauty Water.»—Koller says that this preparation consists of 1 part of camphor, 5 parts of milk of sulphur, and 50 parts of rose water.

«Birch Waters.»—Birch water, which has many cosmetic applications, especially as a hair wash, or an ingredient in hair washes, may be prepared as follows:

I.—Alcohol, 96 per cent 3,500 parts Water 700 parts Potash soap 200 parts Glycerine 150 parts Oil of birch buds 50 parts Essence of spring flowers 100 parts Chlorophyll, quantity sufficient to color.

Mix the water with 700 parts of the alcohol, and in the mixture dissolve the soap. Add the essence of spring flowers and birch oil to the remainder of the alcohol, mix well, and to the mixture add, little by little, and with constant agitation, the soap mixture. Finally, add the glycerine, mix thoroughly, and set aside for 8 days, filter and color the filtrate with chlorophyll, to which is added a little tincture of saffron. To use, add an equal volume of water to produce a lather.

II.—Alcohol, 96 per cent 2,000 parts Water 500 parts Tincture of cantharides 25 parts Salicylic acid 25 parts Glycerine 100 parts Oil of birch buds 40 parts Bergamot oil 30 parts Geranium oil 5 parts

Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, add the acid and tincture of cantharides; mix the water and glycerine and add, and, finally, color as before.

III.—Alcohol 30,000 parts Birch juice 3,000 parts Glycerine 1,000 parts Bergamot oil 90 parts Vanillin 10 parts Geranium oil 50 parts Water 14,000 parts

IV.—Alcohol 40,000 parts Oil of birch 150 parts Bergamot oil 100 parts Lemon oil 50 parts {245} Palmarosa oil 100 parts Glycerine 2,000 parts Borax 150 parts Water 20,000 parts

«Violet Ammonia Water.»—Most preparations of this character consist of either coarsely powdered ammonium carbonate, with or without the addition of ammonia water, or of a coarsely powdered mixture, which slowly evolves the odor of ammonia, the whole being perfumed by the addition of volatile oil, pomade essences, or handkerchief extract. The following are typical formulas:

I.—Moisten coarsely powdered ammonium carbonate, contained in a suitable bottle, with a mixture of concentrated tincture of orris root, 2 1⁠/⁠2 ounces; aromatic spirit of ammonia, 1 drachm; violet extract, 3 drachms.

II.—Fill suitable bottles with coarsely powdered ammonium carbonate and add to the salt as much of the following solution as it will absorb: Oil of orris, 5 minims; oil of lavender flowers, 10 minims; violet extract, 30 minims; stronger water of ammonia, 2 fluidounces.

III.—The following is a formula for a liquid preparation: Extract violet, 8 fluidrachms; extract cassia, 8 fluidrachms; spirit of rose, 4 fluidrachms; tincture of orris, 4 fluidrachms; cologne spirit, 1 pint; spirit of ammonia, 1 ounce. Spirit of ionone may be used instead of extract of violet.

«Violet Witch-Hazel.»—

Spirit of ionone 1⁠/⁠2 drachm Rose water 6 ounces Distilled extract of witch-hazel enough to make 16 ounces

«Cotton»

«BLEACHING OF COTTON:»

I.—Bleaching by Steaming.—The singed and washed cotton goods are passed through hydrochloric acid of 2° Bé. Leave them in heaps during 1 hour, wash, pass through sodium hypochlorite of 10° Bé. diluted with 10 times the volume of water. Let the pieces lie in heaps for 1 hour, wash, pass through caustic soda lye of 38° Bé. diluted with 8 times its volume of water, steam, put again through sodium chloride, wash, acidulate slightly with hydrochloric acid, wash and dry. Should the whiteness not be sufficient, repeat the operations.

II.—Bleaching with Calcium Sulphite.—The cotton goods are impregnated with 1 part, by weight, of water, 1 part of caustic lime, and 1⁠/⁠2 part of bisulphite of 40° Bé.; next steamed during 1–2 hours at a pressure of 1⁠/⁠2 atmosphere, washed, acidulated, washed and dried. The result is as white a fabric as by the old method with caustic lime, soda, and calcium chloride. The bisulphite may also be replaced by calcium hydrosulphite, and, instead of steaming, the fabric may be boiled for several hours with calcium sulphite.

III.—Bleaching of Vegetable Fibers with Hydrogen Peroxide.—Pass the pieces through a solution containing caustic soda, soap, hydrogen peroxide, and burnt magnesia. The pieces are piled in heaps on carriages; the latter are shoved into the well-known apparatus of Mather & Platt (kier), and the liquid is pumped on for 6 hours, at a pressure of 2⁠/⁠3 atmosphere. Next wash, acidulate, wash and dry. The bleaching may also be done on an ordinary reeling vat. For 5 pieces are needed about 1,000 parts, by weight, of water; 10 parts, by weight, of solid caustic soda; 1 part of burnt magnesia; 30 parts, by weight, of hydrogen peroxide. After 3–4 hours’ boiling, wash, acidulate, wash and dry. The bleaching may also be performed by passing through barium peroxide, then through sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and next through soda lye. It is practicable also to commence with the latter and finally give a treatment with hydrogen peroxide.

The whiteness obtained by the above process is handsomer than that produced by the old method with hypochlorites, and the fabric is weakened to a less extent.

«TESTS FOR COTTON.»

I.—Cotton, when freed from extraneous matter by boiling with potash, and afterwards with hydrochloric acid, yields pure cellulose or absorbent cotton, which, according to the U. S. P., is soluble in copper ammonium sulphate solution. The B. P. is more specific and states that cotton is soluble in a concentrated solution of copper ammonium sulphate. The standard test solution (B. P.) is made by dissolving 10 parts of copper sulphate in 160 parts of distilled water, and cautiously adding solution of ammonia to the liquid until the precipitate first formed is nearly dissolved. The product is then filtered and the filtrate made up to 200 parts with distilled {246} water. The concentrated solution is prepared by using a smaller quantity of distilled water.

II.—Schweitzer’s reagent for textile fibers and cellulose is made by dissolving 10 parts of copper sulphate in 100 parts of water and adding a solution of 5 parts of potassium hydrate in 50 parts of water; then wash the precipitate and dissolve in 20 per cent ammonia until saturated. This solution dissolves cotton, linen, and silk, but not wool. The reagent is said to be especially useful in microscopy, as it rapidly dissolves cellulose, but has no action on lignin.

III.—Jandrier’s Test for Cotton in Woolen Fabrics.—Wash the sample of fabric and treat with sulphuric acid (20 Bé.) for half an hour on the water bath. To 100 to 200 parts of this solution add 1 part resorcin, and overlay on concentrated sulphuric acid free from nitrous products. The heat developed is sufficient to give a color at the contact point of the liquids, but intensity of color may be increased by slightly heating. If the product resulting from treating the cotton is made up 1 in 1,000, resorcin will give an orange color; alphanaphtol a purple; gallic acid a green gradually becoming violet down in the acid; hydroquinone or pyrogallol a brown; morphine or codeine, a lavender; thymol or menthol a pink. Cotton may be detected in colored goods, using boneblack to decolorize the solution, if necessary.

IV.—Overbeck’s test for cotton in woolen consists in soaking the fabric in an aqueous solution of alloxantine (1 in 10), and after drying expose to ammonia vapor and rinse in water. Woolen material is colored crimson, cotton remains blue.

V.—Liebermann’s Test.—Dye the fabric for half an hour in fuchsine solution rendered light yellow by caustic soda solution and then washed with water—silk is colored dark red; wool, light red; flax, pink; and cotton remains colorless.

To Distinguish Cotton from Linen.—Take a sample about an inch and a half square of the cloth to be tested and plunge it into a tepid alcoholic solution of cyanine. After the coloring matter has been absorbed by the fiber, rinse it in water and then plunge into dilute sulphuric acid. If it is of cotton the sample will be almost completely bleached, while linen preserves the blue color almost unchanged. If the sample be then plunged in ammonia, the blue will be strongly reinforced.

«Aromatic Cotton.»—Aromatic cotton is produced as follows: Mix camphor, 5 parts; pine-leaf oil, 5 parts; clove oil, 5 parts; spirit of wine (90 per cent), 80 parts; and distribute evenly on cotton, 500 parts, by means of an atomizer. The cotton is left pressed together in a tightly closed tin vessel for a few days.

«Cotton Degreasing.»—Cotton waste, in a greasy condition, is placed in an acid-proof apparatus, where it is simultaneously freed from grease, etc., and prepared for bleaching by the following process, which is performed without the waste being removed from the apparatus: (1) treatment with a solvent, such as benzine; (2) steaming, for the purpose of vaporizing and expelling from the cotton waste the solvent still remaining in it after as much as possible of this has been recovered by draining; (3) treatment with a mineral acid; (4) boiling with an alkali lye; (5) washing with water.

«COTTONSEED HULLS AS STOCK FOOD.»