Chapter 23

509 +Two Consuls (Praetors) first appointed+ Darius Hystaspes 521-486 Aeschylus 525-456 _Lex Valeria_ establishes right of appeal Pindar 518-_c._ 443

507 Rome taken by Etruscans under Porsena Ionian Revolt 501-493 Heracleitus 500

498 +Latin War. Dictator first appointed.+ Miltiades at Athens 493-489 Simonides (Ceos) 490 Battle of _Lake Regillus_ Ionians defeated at Lade 494

494 First Session of the Plebs. _Tribuni Plebis_ Battle of Marathon 490

489 Volscian War (+Coriolanus+) Aristides and Themistocles 490-470 Parmenides 490

486-5 Agrarian Law. Spurius Cassius put to death Xerxes 485-465 Bacchylides 470

477 Destruction of the +Fabii+ at _Cremera_ Thermopylae. Salamis. Himera 480 Anaxagoras 460

458 War with Aequians--Battle of _Mt. Algidus_ Plataea (Pausanians). Mycale 479 Sophocles 496-406 Cincinnatus Dictator Hiero I at Syracuse 478-467 Euripides 480-406

451 +First Decemvirate. Ten Tables+ Pericles at Athens 469-429 Herodotus _c._ 484-425

450 Second Decemvirate. Two new Tables. (+Appius Claudius+) Cimon at Athens 466-449 _Phidias (Parthenon)_ 448

448 Second Secession of the Plebs, resulting in the _Valerio-Horatian_ Laws Athenian defeat at Coronea 447 Empedocles 445 Ezra and Nehemiah _c._ 444

445 Military tribunes with consular power appointed Athenian colony to Thurii 444 Era of the Sophists 440 (Gorgias, Protagoras)

443 Censors first appointed

439 Spurius Maelius killed

437 War with Etruscans. +Cossus+ wins _Spolia opima_ (2) War of Corinth and Corcyra 435 Antiphon _c._ 480-411

424 Capua taken by the Samnites Peloponnesian War 431-405 Thucydides _c._ 471-402 Sphacteria (Demosthenes, Cleon) 425 _Zeuxis_ } _Parrhasius_} _painters_ _c._ 420 Alcibiades at Athens 424-404 Syracusan Expedition 415-413 Lysias _c._ 445-378

+406-396+ +War with Veii. Camillus Dictator+ Battle of Aegospotami 405 Aristophanes _c._ 450-385

406 Roman soldiers first receive pay Lysander enters Athens 404 Cratinus 449 Critias and Thirty Tyrants 404 Eupolis 429 Democracy restored (Thrasybulus) 403

390 +Invasion of the Gauls+. Battle of the _Allia_ Artaxerxes II 405-359 Burning of Rome (+Brennus+) Expedition of Cyrus the Younger (The _Anabasis_ of Xenophon) 401 +Manlius Capitolinus+. +Camillus+ _Parens Patriae_ Xenophon _c._ 430-355 _History based on documents begins_ Socrates condemned 399 Socrates 468-399

389 Rome rebuilt Dionysius I of Syracuse, Wars of Syracuse and Carthage 405-368 Plato 420-348 Isocrates 436-338

376-366 +The Licinian Laws+ Pelopidas and Epaminondas (Thebes) 378-362 Isaeus 420-348 Supremacy of Thebes (Leuctra) 371 +First Plebeian Consul+ Death of Epaminondas (Mantinea) 362 First Praetor (Judge) appointed ----------------------------------------