CHAPTER I.—FIRST PERIOD, FIRST DIVISION 166

A. The Ionic Philosophy 171

1. Thales 171

2. Anaximander 185

3. Anaximenes 189

B. Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans 194

1. The System of Numbers 208

2. Application of the System to the Universe 224

3. Practical Philosophy 235

C. The Eleatic School 239

1. Xenophanes 241

2. Parmenides 249

3. Melissus 257

4. Zeno 261

D. Heraclitus 278

1. The Logical Principle 282

2. Natural Philosophy 285

3. Relation of the Principle to Consciousness 293

E. Empedocles, Leucippus and Democritus 298

1. Leucippus and Democritus 299 _a._ The Logical Principle 302 _b._ The Constitution of the World 304 _c._ The Soul 310

2. Empedocles 310

F. Philosophy of Anaxagoras 319

1. The Universal Principle 329

2. The Homœomeriæ 333

3. The Relation of the Two 339